- •1 Structure of a business letter
- •1 This is how a business school teacher is explaining the parts of a business letter to a student:
- •2 Now read the letter and name its elements:
- •Grammar: The Sequence of Tenses – Узгодження часів
- •2 Writing a business e-mail
- •Grammar: Reported Speech (statements) – Непряма мова (стверджувальні речення)
- •3 Doing Business on the Internet
- •1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
- •2 Choose the correct word from the box to complete the gaps. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian
- •3 Fill in the missing prepositions: (with (2), of (2), to, on, for (3), in (3), into, through, as)
- •Grammar: Reported Questions, Requests, Orders – Непрямі питання, прохання, накази
- •4 Business across Cultures
- •1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
- •2 Match the words and phrases in the box with the correct definition:
- •3 Choose the correct word from the box to complete the gaps. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian
- •5 Put these statements about customs and culture into the correct order. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •Grammar: First Conditional – Умовні речення і типу
- •5 The Field of Accounting
- •Remember the difference:
- •1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
- •2 Give the English equivalents for:
- •3 Match the words and phrases in the box with the correct definition:
- •Grammar Second Conditional – Умовні речення іі типу
- •6 Budgeting
- •1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
- •2 Give the English equivalents for:
- •3 Match the words and phrases in the box with the correct definition:
- •5 Translate into English:
- •Grammar: Third Conditional – Умовні речення ііі типу
- •7 Auditing
- •1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
- •2 Give the English equivalents for:
- •3 Match the words and phrases in the box with the correct definition:
- •5 True or false?
- •Grammar: Modals – Модальні дієслова (1) Ability (здатність, спроможність): can, could, be able to
- •Permission (дозвіл): can, could, may, be allowed to
- •8 Costs. Assets and liabilities
- •1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
- •2 Match the words and phrases in the box with the correct definition:
- •3 Choose the correct word from the box to complete the gaps. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •4 Ask as many questions to the following text about assets as you can. Translate the text into Ukrainian.
- •Grammar: Modals – Модальні дієслова (2)
- •9 Raising Finance
- •1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
- •3 Choose the correct word from the box to complete the gaps. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Grammar: Modals with the Perfect Infinitive – Модальні дієслова з перфектним інфінітивом
- •10 Financial Statements
- •2 Match the words and phrases in the box with the correct definition:
- •3 Write the appropriate word or phrase in the following spaces. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •4 Translate into English:
- •Grammar: The Infinitive – Інфінітив
- •11 Accountancy
- •Grammar: The Gerund – Герундій
- •(12) Grammar: The Participle – Дієприкметник
6 Budgeting
budgeting motivate (v) operating plan anticipate (v) primary framework |
складання бюджету спонукати виробничий план очікувати; передбачати основний; найважливіший рамки; межа; структура |
fiscal year randomly correspond (to) master budget control device |
бюджетний рік; фінансовий рік довільно; випадково відповідати (чому-небудь) головний бюджет контрольний засіб, стандартний план діяльності бізнесу |
The preparation of a budget is an important aspect of a company's success. The preparation of it helps management to establish short-term and long-term goals and standards for the company, motivates employees to achieve company goals, and provides for a systematic review of performance. The success of the budgeting process depends on the cooperation of all employees.
Budget of a business is the financial operating plan for an organization for a fixed period. The budget shows what income is anticipated and how the resources will be used during the budget period. It is a forecast used by a business to plan and control.
The primary objective of the budget is to establish a financial framework for the operations of the business. The accounting period for the budget is usually either the calendar year or the fiscal year. The fiscal year is any randomly chosen twelve-month period that does not correspond to the calendar year.
The total of separate budgets from different departments within a company that shows in detail how the entire business operates is called master budget. As the business year progresses, management can use the budget as a control device that permits monitoring of the company's operations.
1 What is a budget? What does it show? 2 Why is the preparation of a budget an important aspect of a company's success? 3 What is the primary objective of the budget? 4 What is the customary accounting period for the budget? 5 What is a master budget? 6 What can a master budget be used for? 7 What is a control device? 8 What does the success of the budgeting process depend on?
1 Match words that have a similar meaning:
operate goal progress achieve systematic fixed anticipate primary permit total |
sum main expect definite reach regular allow objective function develop |
2 Give the English equivalents for:
успіх компанії; встановлювати довгострокові цілі; процес складання бюджету; встановлений строк; прибуток; прогноз; найважливіша задача; бюджетний рік; головний бюджет; використовувати бюджет як контрольний засіб; контролювати роботу компанії; виробничий план; бюджетний період.