
- •Г. Д. Малик
- •Information Challenges
- •Contents
- •Information Age Text 1 understanding data, information, knowledge and their interrelationships
- •Text 2 how to build wisdom and prosper in an ‘information age’
- •5 Myths About the 'Information Age'
- •Brief Overview of Document Management
- •Introduction
- •Text 5 Understanding documents and documentation
- •Typical digital and traditional libraries compared
- •Text 6 The Transformation of Document Storage into Records Management
- •Text 7 problems and challenges of the information age
- •Industrial vs. Information Age
- •Text 8 Hidden-Information Agency
- •Introduction
- •Information Professionals Text 1 The Role of Information Professionals in Global Economic Crisis
- •Introduction: the causes and evolution of the global economic crisis
- •Information Professionals in the Information Age:
- •Vital Skills and Competencies
- •Intellectual Capital And Intangible Assets
- •Text 3 Entrepreneurship Education and Information Professionals
- •Text 4 The Information Professional facing the impact of Search Technology
- •Information Professional in news organizations
- •Knowledge Experts in the Intelligent Organization
- •Text 5 The Changing Role of the Information Professional
- •Implications for Education
- •Text 6 Challenges in Educating 21st-Century Information Professionals
- •Information Professionals in the Corporate World
- •Text 8 The Future of the Information Professional
- •Text 1 The Freedom of Expression and Information
- •Text 2 mass media and its influence on society
- •Text 3 pros and cons of mass media
- •Pros and Cons of Different Types of Media
- •Text 4 seven myths about media effects
- •Classification of Media
- •Text 5 children and the media
- •Print Materials
- •Television
- •Text 6 Ten Reasons to Advertise in a Newspaper
- •Immediate
- •Pros and Cons of Advertising in Newspapers
- •Text 7
- •Interactive elements and customization
- •Text 8 are newspapers dying? yes or no?
- •Newspapers Are Dead
- •No They Aren’t – Not Yet, Anyway
- •Internet Text 1
- •Internet as an important element of the information society and e-business development
- •Text 2 The Internet Revolution: It came. It went. It's here.
- •Text 3 Consumer Benefit from Use of the Internet
- •Text 4 The Educational Advantages of Using Internet
- •Text 5 From media literacy to digital skills
- •Text 6 Social Network Sites
- •Text 7 History of e-books
- •Text 8 The future of the Internet is wired into the human brain
- •It’s all in your head
- •Text 1 Censorship, Violence & Press Freedom
- •Text 2 Censoring and Destroying Information in the Information Age
- •Text 3 Pros and Cons of CenSorship
- •Text 4 Media Censorship: Why is Censorship Good
- •Internet / Magazines
- •Text 5 Censorship and the Arts
- •Text 6 Data driven futures - censorship takes new forms
- •Freedom of speech and censorship - project
- •Surveillance and censorship intertwined
- •Who controls the internet?
- •Paradoxes of democracy
- •Big media - concentration, globalization and user data
- •Media redefined
- •Big data
- •Information regime and respect for the user
- •Text 7 Kids' Book Censorship: The Who and Why
- •Challenges Are Ongoing
- •Why Do People Want to Ban Books?
- •The First Amendment to the u.S. Constitution
- •Kids Fight Book Banning Through kidSpeak
- •Parents Against Bad Books in Schools
- •What Do You Think?
- •Why do people want to ban books?
- •Text 8 Why Not Censor?
- •Text 1 a brief history of pr
- •Text 2 the important role of public relations
- •10 Principles of Public Relations
- •Text 4 ethical public relations: not an oxymoron
- •Text 5 public relations across cultures: building international communication bridges
- •Text 6 pr and blogging – how to think about it?
- •Text 7 how to choose between pr and advertising
- •Text 8 how to run ethically sound pr campaigns
- •Text 1 deal or no deal? resolving conflict through negotiation
- •Importance of good communication skills in negotiation
- •Text 3 a Buyers’ and Sellers’ Guide to Multiple Offer Negotiations
- •Information for Buyers
- •Information for Sellers
- •Information for Buyers and Sellers
- •Text 4 Deception in Negotiations: The Role of Emotions
- •Text 5 Differences in Business Negotiations between Different Cultures
- •Text 6 negotiation conflict styles
- •When to use?
- •What's the Danger?
- •Self Defense
- •When to use?
- •What's the Danger?
- •Self Defense
- •Avoid (I Lose - You Lose)
- •When to use?
- •What's the Danger?
- •Self Defense
- •Compromise (I Lose / Win Some - You Lose / Win Some)
- •When to use?
- •What's the Danger?
- •Self Defense
- •When to use?
- •What's the Danger?
- •Self Defense
- •Text 7
- •Text 8 ten tips for negotiating in 2013
- •Information Challenges
- •38 Karhula p. Data driven futures - censorship takes new forms / p. Kashula. – Available at: http://www.Ifla.Org/publications/data-driven-futures-censorship-takes-new-forms.
Who controls the internet?
The era of internet in has turned out to have different phases in relation to it's controllability: it started in 1990s with "open commons". Since the beginning of 2000s ("access denied") control of the cyberspace increased through filtering, blocking and government intervention. (Deibert et al, 2012). Since the mid-2000's methods of control extended and they became more subtle and nuanced ("access controlled"). More targeted and specified controlling mechanisms were introduced: "Just in time" optimizing and registration and licensing requirements were applied to identify users. Governments were no more the main stakeholder of control, but public-private partnerships increased. (Deibert et al, 2012).
In 2010s the models of control have become even more refined and involved in a level of internet architecture and principles and protocols of technologies. Control of internet is no more limited on totalitarian countries, but it has been adapted as a global norm (Deibert & Rohozinski, 2010). Governments do not any more ask if internet can be regulated, but rather how to regulate internet and how regulation should be carried out most efficiently. At the same time, there is a growing public realization about the power relations of internet. The influence of powerful actors and their battles over power and control of the cyberspace has become evident. Large civil society reactions have emerged against extended control mechanisms ("access contested"). (Deibert et al, 2010)
During the latest phase of control privatization of censorship and data surveillance has increased. Indeed, the most of cyberspace is owned and operated by private companies. These companies may include e.g. technology and telecommunication companies, service providers (ISPs, OSPs), advertisers and technology developers, surveillance technology companies, content producers, publishers and media. If a trend of privatization continues, censorship and surveillance may turn into the hands of it's strong commercial players, like cloud-computing services, Internet exchanges, and telecommunications companies. (Deibert et al, 2012)
Paradoxes of democracy
Internet and social media do not necessarily go hand in hand with the democracy, although many technology utopists have had this type of ideals. Internet alone has not turned out to enhance democratic development, transparency and fair governance. There are many other factors in the background: economic, cultural, religious, political, individual and chances of history. (MacKinnon, 2012a)
Although there is a lot of evidence of the empowering impact of the internet there is also another type of development trend within the sphere of internet. In many countries internet has mainly extended the power of the government or strengthened the impact of totalitarian regimes (MacKinnon, 2012a). Sometimes interests of the government are intertwined with the private companies. Companies may want to extend their markets and public sector as a client is too lucrative for them although the government policies would turn out to become destructive for some groups of the citizens. This kind of intermediary censorship has been in steep rise (Zuckerman, 2010).
According to Rebecca MacKinnon, it would be necessary to study closer even the relationship between internet and its' revolutionary impact. For example, Arabic spring in Tunis and Egypt did not take place because of the Internet, but rather via Internet. Social and structural changes of the society had developed slowly behind the curtain since a decade ago. During the years activists experimented different kinds of network technologies, created and refined contents and developed their networks of relationships. Finally, an Arabic spring was a result of the long-standing developments, which actualized both in physical environment and via internet when a moment occurred. (MacKinnon, 2012a)