1. Language system - a system of linguistic units or elements used in a particular language .Language is a system of signs (indices, icons, symbols) for encoding and decoding information.

The term “language” has branched by analogy into several meanings. The most obvious manifestations are spoken languages such as English or Spoken Chinese. However, there are also written languages and other systems of visual symbols such as sign languages.

Human languages are usually referred to as natural languages, and the science of studying them falls under the purview of linguistics. A common progression for natural languages is that they are considered to be first spoken and then written, and then an understanding and explanation of their grammar is attempted.

.functions of language

A)Informative language function: essentially, the communication of information. The informative function affirms or denies propositions, as in science or the statement of a fact. This function is used to describe the world or reason about it.

B)Expressive language function: reports feelings or attitudes of the writer (or speaker), or of the subject, or evokes feelings in the reader. Poetry and literature are among the best examples.Two main aspects of this function are generally noted: (1) evoking certain feelings and (2) expressing feelings.

C) Directive language function: language used for the purpose of causing (or preventing) overt action.The directive function is most commonly found in commands and requests.

2. Structure of language -level stratification? isimorphism

Phonemes-basic speech; morphemes-smallest units of language that contains meaning

surface structure-words and phrases comprising a particularsentence

deep structure-the underlying meaning of a sentence Language levels. The grammatical system of the English language, like of other Indo-European languages, is very complicated. It consists of smaller subdivisions, which are called systems too. In grammar they are morphological and syntactic ones.The phonological structure of language is also systemic. Language in general and grammar in particular are materialized in structure. Language structure is represented by a level stratification of its units. This structure is of hierarchical character. Graphically the level stratification of language can be depicted by following table (scheme): 1) Supra-proposemic: Text, texteme, dicteme; The highest communicative unit 2) Promosemic (the level of major syntax): Proposeme (sentence); Communicative unit 3) Phrasemic (the level of minor syntax): Phraseme (word-group); Polynominative unit 4) Word level (lexemic): Lexeme (word); Monominative unit 5) Morphological (morphemic): Morpheme; The smallest meaning full unit 6) Phonological (phonemic): Phoneme; Distinctive unit Units of language are divided into meaningless and meaningful. Examples of the first kind: phonemes, syllable Meaningful are morpheme, word and others. The latter are called  - language signs. They have both planes: that of content and that of expression. They are signemes. Segmental units form a hierarchy of levels. The lowest level is phonemic. It is formed by phonemes, which are not language signs, because they are purely differential (distinctive) units.Units of all the higher levels are meaningful. They are language signs (signemes)