2. Borrowings:
diagnosis (Greek borrowing from the word diágnōsis, partially assimilated)
line (Latin borrowing from the word līnea, completely assimilated)
robber (French borrowing from the word robere, completely assimilated)
case (French borrowing from the word châsse, completely assimilated).
Etymological hybrids: There are no etymological hybrids international words in the text.
Doublets:
stand, stay, state, status and static (native, Middle French, Latin (twice) and Ancient Greek via Latin, from the same Indo-European root) of (native word – от, из) – off (native word – прочь).
International words:
sponsor – the origin is a Latin word spōnsor, in French sponsor, in Italian sponsor, in Russian спонсор, in German Sponsor.
label – in Russian лейбл, in German Label, in French label.
II. Morphological structure of words
1.
Monomorphic words are: case, lunch, staff, chart, hell, man. Polymorphic words are: carelessly, huffing.
Morphemic analysis:
Care-less-ly: 2 morphemes: 1 root (free) + 2 affixes (-less is a suffix, native, adjective-forming, convertive, productive, bound, derivational, combines with the stem of a noun, frequency, emotional-evaluative; -ly is a suffix, native, adverb-forming, convertive, productive, bound, derivational, combines with the stem of a noun, frequency, emotional-evaluative);
Huff-ing: 2 morphemes: 1 root (free) + 1 affix (suffix, native, noun-forming, con-
vertive, productive, bound, functional, combines with the stem of a
verb, frequency, neutral);
Derivational analysis:
Root stem: case, lunch, staff, chart, hell, man.
Derived stem: robbed, carelessly, huffing.
Immediate Constituents analysis
carelessly = care (забота) + -less (without) + -ly(adv.forming)
2. yesterday = geostran+dæg,(from dæg "day", Old English)
become = be + come.
III. Word building
1. Affixation speaking = speak + ing
ing is a suffix, native, noun-forming, convertive, productive, bound, functional, combines with the stem of a verb, frequency, neutral. careless=care+less
less is a suffix, native, adjective-forming, convertive, productive, highly productive, bound, functional, combines with the stem of a noun, frequency, neutral.
2. Convertion to line – a line (V N), to blow – a blow (V N) – derivative nouns «line» and «blow» mean actions of manifestation of that is expressed by productive verbs «to line» and «to fall».
a
poor – poor (N
Adj.) – a derivative noun «poor»
means a poor person and an adjective «poor»
describes not only a person.
3. Word-composition budget-scarce is a compound adjective with a linking element (dash), consists of a noun and an adjective, subordinate, compound-proper.
4. lunch is clipping (an apocope) – derived from luncheon. blow is an onomatopoeic word
IV. Semasiology
1. to spend, front, to watch are non-motivated lexical units.
careless is a morphological motivated lexical unit (care and less – without care).
2. to become a diagnosis, a chart, a case; to be robbed of dignity; to be shuffled through a system…-are metaphors.
3. break – перелом (primary, abstract meaning), перерыв (primary, abstract meaning), внезапное падение цен (secondary, abstract meaning), прекращение боя (secondary, concrete meaning).
case – случай (primary, abstract meaning), футляр, портфель (primary, concrete meaning), падеж (secondary, concrete meaning), больной (secondary, concrete meaning).
4. poor – lacking sufficient money
Synonyms: bankrupt (any insolvent debtor; a person unable to satisfy any just claims made upon him or her); from Italian banca rotta, literally "a broken bench," from banca "moneylender's shop," literally "bench" + rotta "broken, defeated, interrupted" from (and remodeled on) Latin rupta, fem. past participle of rumpere "to break". "[S]o called from the habit of breaking the bench of bankrupts" [Klein]. Earlier in English as a noun, "bankrupt person". beggar (a person who begs alms or lives by begging); from Old French begart, originally a member of the Beghards, lay brothers of mendicants in the Low Countries, from Middle Dutch beggaert "mendicant," of uncertain origin, with pejorative suffix. Early folk etymology connected the English word with bag. Form with -ar attested from 14c., but begger was more usual 15c.-17c. The feminine form beggestere is attested as a surname. empty-handed (having nothing in the hands, as in doing no work); from Old English æmettig "at leisure, not occupied, unmarried," from æmetta "leisure," from æ "not" + -metta, from motan "to have". The -p- is a euphonic insertion. The adjective also yielded a verb (1520s), replacing Middle English empten, from Old English geæmtigian. Related: Emptied; emptying. Figurative sense of empty-nester first attested 1987. Empty-handed attested from 1610s. needy (impoverished; extremely poor; in a condition of need or want; destitute; poverty-stricken); neodi "poor, indigent," from need (n.) + adjectival suffix -y. Cf. Dutch noodig, German nothig, Old Norse nauðigr. As a noun from mid-14c. Related: Needily; neediness.
weak – not strong Synonyms: anemic (weak and pale); spelling of anaemia (q.v.). Modern Latin, from Greek aneimon "unclad," from privative prefix an- (see an- (1)) + eima "a dress, garment. debilitated (infirm); from Latin debilitatus, past participle of debilitare "to weaken," from debilis "weak". Related: Debilitated; debilitating. exhausted (extremely tired); from Latin effetus (usually in fem. effeta) "exhausted, unproductive, worn out (with bearing offspring), past bearing," literally "that has given birth," from a lost verb, *efferi, from ex- "out" (see ex-) + fetus "childbearing, offspring". faint (having a little effect of senses); c.1300, "wanting in courage," now mostly in faint-hearted (mid-15c.), from Old French feint "soft, weak, sluggish," past participle of feindre "hesitate, falter, be indolent, show weakness, avoid one's duty by pretending". Sense of "weak, feeble" is early 14c. Meaning "producing a feeble impression upon the senses" is from 1650s.
fragile (breakable; dainty); 1510s, "liable to sin, morally weak;" c.1600, "lia ble to break;" a back-formation from fragility, or else from Middle French fragile (14c.), from Latin fragilis. Transferred sense of "frail" (of persons) is from 1858. scarce – insufficient, infrequent Synonyms: incomplete (unfinished, wanting); late 14c., from Latin incompletus "income plete," from in- "not" (see in- (1)) + completes. limited (restricted, definite); past participle adjective from limit (v.); from Old French limite "a boundary," from Latin limitem (nominative limes) "a bound ary, limit, border, embankment between fields," related to limen "threshold." Originally of territory; bad (poor quality); c.1200, "inferior in quality;" early 13c., "wicked, evil, vi cious," a mystery word with no apparent relatives in other languages.* Possi bly from Old English derogatory term bæddel and its diminutive bædling "ef feminate man, hermaphrodite, pederast," probably related to bædan "to de file." deficient (imperfect, inadequate); 1580s, from Latin deficientem (nominative deficiens), present participle of deficere "to desert, revolt, fail," from de- "down, away" (see de-) + facere "to do, perform".
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5. left – left (homonyms-proper, full coincidence, lexical-grammatical homonyms, convergent sound development). would – wood (homophones, partial coincidence, lexical-grammatical homonyms, convergent sound development).
through –threw (homophones, partial coincidence, lexical-grammatical homonyms, convergent sound development).
to – two (homophones, partial coincidence, lexical-grammatical homonyms, convergent sound development).
