- •The Object and Aims of Stylistics.
- •2)The Norm of Language. Standard English.
- •3)Functional Style. Register.
- •5)Scientific Style. Its Criteria and Linguistic Peculiarities.
- •6)Lexical Peculiarities of the Scientific Style.
- •8) The Style of Official Documents. Its Criteria and Linguistic Peculiarities.
- •9)Newspaper Style. Its Criteria and Linguistic Peculiarities.
- •10) Lexical Peculiarities of the Newspaper Style.
- •11) Structural Peculiarities of the ns
- •12) Publicistic Style. Its criteria and linguistic peculiarities
- •13) Lexical Peculiarities of the ps
- •14) Structural Peculiarities of the ps
- •15) Literary-Colloquial Style / Received Standard /. Its Criteria & Linguistic Peculiarities
- •16) Lexical Peculiarities of the Literary-Colloquial Style
- •17) Structural Peculiarities of the Literary-Colloquial Style
- •18) Familiar Colloquial Style. Its Criteria & Linguistic Peculiarities
- •19) Low Colloquial Speech. Its Criteria & Linguistic Peculiarities
- •20) Stylistic Differentiation of Vocabulary
- •21. Formal English vocabulary and its stylistic functions
- •22. Informal English vocabulary and its stylistic functions
- •23. Common literary words and their stylistic functions
- •29. Poetic, Highly Literary Words, Archaisms
- •30. Neutral words
- •31. Stylistic colouring
- •32. Word and its Meaning. Denotation and Connotation. Implication. Presupposition.
- •33. Context
- •34. Stylistic context
- •35. Stylistic function
- •37. Language and speech functions.
- •38) Stylistic Differentiation of Phraseological Units. Stylistic Functioning of Phraseological Units.
- •The Clichés
- •Proverbs and Sayings
- •Epigrams
- •Allusions
- •39). Phonetic Expressive Means & Stylistic Devices.
- •40) Graphic Expressive Means.
- •41) Expressive Means & Stylistic Devices. Tropes. Figures of Speech.
- •42). The Metaphoric Group of sd: Metaphor, Simile, Personification, Epithet.
- •43) Stylistic Devices Based on the Relations of Inequality: Climax, Anticlimax, Hyperbole, Litotes.
- •44. Metonymic Group of sd: Metonymy, Synechdoche.
- •46. Stylistic Devices Based on the Relations of Identity: Synonymic Pairs, Synonymic Variation, Euphemism, Periphrasis.
- •47. Sd based on the relations of opposition: Oxymoron, Antithesis, Irony.
- •48. Inversion, Detachment, Parenthesis.
- •49. Expressive means based on the absence of the logically required components: Ellipsis, Break-in-the narrative, nominative sentences, apokoinu constructions.
- •51. Expressive means based on the Transferred use of structural meaning: Rhetoric question, Emphatic negation, reported speech.
- •52. Expressive means based on the Juxtaposition of different parts of the utterance: Parallelism, Chiasmus, Anaphora, Epiphora.
- •53. Expressive means based on the way the parts are connected: Asyndeton, polysyndeton, the Gap- Sentence Link.
- •54) Semi-marked structures
- •55) Zeugma, Semantically false chain, pun.
- •56) Enumeration, suspense.
- •57. Nouns
- •58.Pronouns
- •59. Adjectives. Verb. Adverbs
- •60) Literary Criticism and Linguistic Stylistics.
- •61) Stylistic Analysis/ from the Author’s, Reader’s point of view. Levels and Methods of Analysis. Linguostylistic analysis of imaginative literature.
- •62. Interaction of Stylistic Colouring& the Context
- •63. The use of the stylistically coloured words in a literary text
- •64. Expressiveness of word-building
- •65. Semantic Structure of the Word & Interaction of Direct & Indirect Transferred Meanings
- •66. The Use of Polysemy and Repetition
- •67.Lexical Analysis & a Literary Text Analysis. Thematic Net.
- •68. The theory of Images. The structure. Functions of images.
- •69.Syntactic Convergence.
- •70. Text: the Author’s Speech. Direct and Indirect Represented Speech. Paragraph.
- •71. Formal & Informal English.
- •Informal english:
- •72. Spoken & Written English.
- •73. Plot and Plot Structure.
- •74. System of Images. Means of Characterization.
- •75. Narrative Method.
- •76. Tonal System.
- •77. The Message of a Literary Work.
- •78. Style in Language.
70. Text: the Author’s Speech. Direct and Indirect Represented Speech. Paragraph.
The author's position is mostly revealed in his own speech. The author's and character's speeches are two different types of narration. The author's speech (the author’s narrative) supplies the reader with direct information about the author’s preferences and objections, beliefs and contradictions, serves the major source of shaping up the author’s image. The author's speech is the most complicated and various type of narration. Here the experiments of the author with the sounds, combinations of morphemes, neologisms are implemented. Here the foundations for the system of images are laid. There's a universal tendency to use standard literary lexical units, but at the same time there's an active usage of bookish & colloquial words.
There are different forms of the author’s speech:
Entrusted narrative - in an effort to make his writing more plausible, to impress the reader with the effect of authenticity of the described events, the writer entrusts some fictitious character. Entrusted narrative can be carried out in the 1st person singular, may also be anonymous.
Interior speech of the personage, which allows the author to peep into the inner world of the character, to observe his ideas and views. Interior speech is best known in the form of interior monologue.
Represented (reported) speech serves to show either the mental reproduction of a once uttered remark, or the character’s thinking. The first case is known as represented uttered speech, the second one as represented inner speech. The latter is close to the personage’s interior speech in essence, but differs from it in form: it is rendered in the third person singular and may have the author’s qualitative words, i.e. it reflects the presence of the author’s viewpoint alongside that of the character, while interior speech belongs to the personage completely, formally too, which is materialized through the first-person pronouns and the language idiosyncrasies of the character.
The artistic variant of the inner speech is represented speech. Here it's of crucial importance not only to introduce the inner word of the character to the reader, but also to make it clear. In represented speech the author is practically not presented. It is important to create the effect of the combination of conscious & unconscious, rational & irrational, reality &.imagination.
The main form of represented speech is the inner monologue. Here the spiritual & moral side of the character is revealed. The character contemplates, analyses & plans without witnesses. This guarantees the sincerity & truthfulness of the personage. The inner monologue stops the development of the plot.
Another type of represented speech is the inner reaction - small pieces of inner speech, expressing the reaction of the character on the events described.
Yet another type of represented speech is autodialogue, the talk with yourself. It’s the struggle between the emotional & the rational, expressed by 2 voices. The intuition struggles against the logics. The complex nature & philosophic character of the inner monologue demands the complication of the vocabulary Si syntax; the spontaneous St emotional character of the inner reaction demands the simplicity of syntax.
Paragraph is a self-contained unit of a discourse in writing dealing with a particular point or idea. A paragraph consists of one or more sentences.The start of a paragraph is indicated by beginning on a new line. Sometimes the first line is indented. Paragraph is not only the beginning of the new line. It is the complete part of the text & has compositional meaning. The length of the p. may vary greatly from a one-word sentence to an indefinite number of sentences. Extremely long p. hinder the perception of the work and stop performing its main function - the compositional & meaningful division of the text. The role of p. in the structure of the work is so evident that many scientists consider the composition of the text to be the system of p.