16) Lexical Peculiarities of the Literary-Colloquial Style

Colloquial SE: used in familiar and informal conversations; has short sentences, casual constructions and vocabulary of the everyday relaxed speech of educated people, colloquial expressions; it is personal and familiar in tone. Colloquial style is the type of speech which is used in situation that allows certain deviations from the rigid pattern of literary speech used not only in a private conversation, but also in private correspondence. So the style is applicable both to the written and oral varieties of the terms "colloquial" and "bookish" don't exactly correspond to the oral and written forms of speech. Maltzev suggests terms "formal" and "informal" and states that colloquial style is the part of informal variety of English which is used orally in conversation. Some authors call colloquial functional style a "free style" for it contains some deviations from the strict regularity of the literary speech norm.

Colloquial functional style is a speech style and consequently mostly found in dialogue. It is a style of everyday use. The vocabulary is more free, the syntax more simple, the pronunciation in oral speech more careless.

There are three types of colloquial functional style and the use of them depends on the circumstances, the relations of the speakers:

1. Particular colloquial style

2. Literary colloquial, or

3. Familiar colloquial (low colloquial being illiterate popular speech).

The boundaries between colloquial styles are not very sharply defined, especially concerning their grammatical peculiarities. Literary colloquial is the speech of educated persons. It is employed in dialogue when the speakers conform to social conventions, when they know each other very little, or their conversation deals with some serious or business topic. Voc used by educated people in the course of ordinary conv or when writing letters to intimate friends. The utterances abound in imaginative phraseology , ready-made formulas of politeness, tags, standard expression of assent , dissent, surprise, pleasure, gratitude ,apology. The emotive funct and emphatic impact are achieved in the ex (I do want to go on a donkey. I do want a donkey ride. Ladie’s maid Mansfield.)

Literary colloqual is used in the nlit for children.

1. Whole formulas (There you are , You see, I’m most grateful),

2. set expressions, ( for all that , to keep s. on the run.),

3 cases of semi-convert or typical w-groups ( to give a scare, to have drink),

4. particles (just, well)

5 understatement ( a bit of a scare, I could just do with you )

6. substantivised adj.(greens, woolies)( woolen clothes)

7. New formations (composition /conversion) carry-on, let-down-an unexpected disappointment, make-up

.8. compounds coined by back-formation.( to baby-sit, .) .

Colloq E. is very emotional, emotions are expressed with a help of intensifiers, emphatic adverbs, understatement (Gazing down with an expression that was loving, gratified, knowledgeable, she said, " Now I call it a bit of all right. Ex . of heated discussion between the well-bred /educated personages of Snow’s " The Conscience of the rich

8 ,. Oaths, swear words their euphemistic variants that function as emotional colloq . independent of the context ( by God, Goodness gracious) Emotionally charged w. occur in hackneyed comparisons ( to work like a devil, like hell, like mad, like anything .

9. Lexical expressions of modality Affirmative/ negative answers ( definitely, up to the point, in a way, exactly. I expect so.

Contracted forms of perfect forms, auxiliary verbs are omitted.

Omission of pronouns.

Verbs with post positives (give up, look out).

Abbreviations (frig, marg, vegs).

Ellipsis (mineral waters – minerals; Morning!)

Words with wide semantics (thing, stuff).

Intransitive verbs used as transitive (go it).

Time-fillers (well, I mean, you see).

Double conjunctions (like as if).