Peptidases
Oxido-reductases
Amylases
Lipases
Aminotransferases
126. Trypsinogen is produced in exocrine part of pancreatic gland and excreted to duodenum, where it is activated by the next factor:
Enteropeptidase
Secretin
Gastrin
Cholecystopancreozymine
Chymotrypsinogen
127. In diagnostics of myocardial infarction the next isoform of lactate dehydrogenase in blood has diagnostic significance:
H4 (iso 1)
H3M (iso 2)
H2M2 (iso 3)
HM3 (iso 4)
M4 (iso 5)
128. In diagnostics of an acute viral hepatitis estimation of the next enzymatic activity in blood serum is the most valuable:
A. Alanyl aminotransferase
B. Glutathion peroxidase
C. Creatine kinase
D. Amylase
E. Alkaline phosphatase
129. Different forms of lympholeukoses are effectively cured with enzyme preparation called:
Asparaginase
Plasmin
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
Hyaluronidase
Streptokinase
130. A child manifests epileptic seizures caused by vitamin B6 deficiency. This is conditioned by the decrease of the 7-aminobutyrate level in the nervous tissue which acts as an inhibiting neurotransmitter. The activity of which enzyme is decreased in this case?
A. Alanine aminotransferase.
B. Pyridoxal kinase.
C. Glutamate dehydrogenase.
D. Glutamate decarboxylase.
E. Glutamate synthetase
Clinical cases and Situational tasks
131. What enzyme is present in the solution, when during the addition of ionized H2O2, O2 bubbles are observed?
ANSWER: The presence of catalase causes the breakdown of H2O2 into oxygen and water.
132. In a child, urine with a high amount of homogentisic acid is observed. This acid darkens once has contact with air. With what enzyme pathology is this condition associated with?
ANSWER: Alkaptonuria- an inborn condition during which with the excretion of urine a large amount of homogentisic acid is also excreted. The person's urine turns a dark due to the oxidation of homogentisic acid. The reason of this condition is the absence of the enzyme homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase
133. What enzyme has an effect on connective tissue by repairing scars, hematomas, exudates and transudates in pleural and abdominal cavity?
ANSWER: Hyaluronidase is responsible for the separation of α-andβ-1,4glycosidic bonds between disaccharides in hyaluronic acid, which is a component of connective tissues. This enzyme causes an increase in permeability in tissues and facilitates the movement of substances between tissues.
134. During acute respiratory illnesses, in the air ways, a large amount of sticky mucosa makes it difficult to breathe. What enzyme is used to thin the mucosa?
ANSWER: Trypsin and chymotrypsin are proteolytic enzymes, which take part in hydrolysis of proteins, and have proteolytic and mucolytic activity and ability to dissolve elastin. These enzymes facilitate the thinning of mucosa and ease its evacuation.
135. In clinical practice, for treatment of acute and chronic pancreatitis and other damages of the pancreas, the pharmacological substance Kontrical is used. What is the mechanism behind this drug?
ANSWER: Kontrical is an inhibitor of proteases, and in its action decreases the activity of trypsin, plasmin, and kallikrein.
136. Which types of inhibitoipn are shown below:
1
2
Answer: 1- rewersible competitive 2- reversible noncompetitive
137. Explain the type of inhibition shown below:
Aswer: Feedback inhibition is, where the product of a metabolic pathway inhibits is own synthesis at the beginning or first committed step in the pathway CTP is the product of this pathway and it is also a precursor for the synthesis of DNA and RNA (nucleic acids). The rapid synthesis of DNA and/or RNA depletes the CTP pool in the cell, causing CTP to be released from ATCase and increasing its activity. When the activity of ATCase is greater than the need for CTP, CTP concentrations rise rapidly and rebinds to the enzyme to inhibit the activity. ATP activates ATCase. Purines and Pyrimidines are needed in equal amounts. When ATP concentrations are greater than CTP, ATP binds to ATCase activating the enzyme until the levels of ATP and CTP are about the same.