Examples of Krok 1 tests

123. In patients suffering from diabetes mellitus an increase in a content of non esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in blood is observed. It may be caused by:

1. Increase in activity of triacylglycerol lipase

2. Stimulation of ketone bodies utilization

3. Activation of synthesis of apolipoproteins A₁ , A₂, A₃

4. Decrease in activity of phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol-acyltransferase in blood plasma

E. Accumulation in cytosol of palmitoyl-CoA

124. The essence of lipolysis, that is the mobilization of fatty acids from neutral fats depots, is an enzymatic process of hydrolysis of triacylglycerols to fatty acids and glycerol. Fatty acids that release during this process enter blood circulation and are transported as the components of:

A. Serum albumins..

B. Globulins.

C. HDL.

D. LDL

E. Chylomicrons.

125. Which one of the following statements about the absorption of lipids from the intestine is correct?

A. Dietary triacylglycerol is partially hydrolyzed and absorbed as free fatty acids and monoacyl glycerol

B Release of fatty acids from triacylglycerol in the intestine is inhibited by bile salts

C. Dietary triacylglycerol must be completely hydrotyzed to tree fatty acids and glycerol before absorption

D. Fatty acids that contain ten carbons or less are absorbed and enter the circulation primarily via the lymphatic system

E. Formation of chylomicrons does not require protein synthesis in the intestinal mucosa.

126. After consumption of lipids in the body than begins their digestion and absorption in intestines. What products of lipid hydrolysis are absorbed in the intestine?

A. Monoacylglycerol, fatty acids

B. Amino acids

C. Polypeptides

D. Monosacharides

E. Lipoproteins

127. After the consumption of animal food rich in fats, a patient feels discomfort, and droplets of fats are found during laboratory investigation of his feces. Bile acids are revealed in the urine. The cause of such state is the deficiency of ___ in the digestive tract.

A. Bile acids.

B. Fatty acids.

C. Chylomicrons.

D. Triacylglycerols.

E. Phospholipids.

128. Fabry’s disease (one of sphingolipidoses) is an autosomal recessive disease. Major symptoms of this disease: skin rash, kidney failure, pain in lower extremities. It is caused by a deficiency of:

1. α-Galactosidase A

2. Hexosaminidase A and B

3. G_m1 Gangliosidase

4. Galactocerebrosidase

5. Ceraminase

129. A man 67 years old suffers from brain vessels atherosclerosis. After investigation hyperlipidemia was detected. What class of lipoproteins in blood plasma will be increased the most of all in biochemical investigation?

1. LDL

2. HDL

3. Non esterified fatty acids in complex with albumin

4. Chylomicrons

5. VLDL

130. A 35-year-old man with pheochromocytoma has high levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine registered in the blood. The concentration of free fatty acids is increased by a factor of eleven. Which of the following enzymes accelerates the lipolysis under the action of epinephrine?

A. Triacylglycerol lipase.

B. Lipoprotein lipase.

C. Phospholi pasc A_r

D. Phospholi pase C.

E. Cholesterol esterase.

131. Phosphoinositol is an important compound in cell regulatory signaling system and is produced from phosphatidylinositol under the action of the next enzyme:

A. Phospholipase C

B. Neuraminidase

C. Phospholipase A

D. Phospholipase B

E. Sphingomyelinase

132. In a course of laboratory investigation of blood, taken in fasting conditions, it was detected the turbidity of serum, total lipids content – 20 g/l, cholesterol – 9 mM/l. After centrifugation on a surface of serum there appears a white film, which suggests an increase in the amount of chylomicrones in blood. What enzyme activity decrease may cause this situation?

A. Lipoproteine lipase of blood

B. Pancreatic phospholipases

C. Lecitine cholesterol acyl transferase

D. Lipases of fat tissue

E. Pancreatic lipase

133. Arachidonic acid as essential nutrient is needed for normal growth and development of animal and man. It is precursor of biologically active substances. Indicate what compound is synthesized from arachidonic acid

A. Prostaglandine E₁

B. Noradrenalin

C. Ethanolamine

D. Triiodothyronine

E. Choline

134. In a human body the adipose tissue is the basic location of triacylglycerols (TAG) deposit. At the same time their synthesis takes place in hepatocytes. In the form of what molecular complex are TAG transported from the liver into the adipose tissue?

A. VLDL.

B. Chylomicrons.

C. LDL.

D. HDL.

E. Complexes with albumin.

135. After the consumption of a diet rich in fats, a patient complains of languor and nausea. Later signs of steatorrea appear. The level of blood cholesterol makes 9.2 mM/1. The shortage of what substances causes this state of the patient?

A. Bile acids.

B. Triacylglycerols.

C. Fatty acids.

D. Phospholipids.

E. Chylomicrons.

136. The insufficient secretion of what enzyme is the cause of incomplete fats degradation in the digestive tract and appearance of great quantity of neutral fats in feces?

A. Pancreatic lipase.

B. Phospholi pase.

C. Entcrokinase.

D. Amylase.

E. Pepsin.

137. Lipids are obvious energetic material for the body. What is the main pathway of fatty acids metabolism in mitochondria?

A. β-Oxidation

B. Decarboxylation

C. Reduction

D. α -Oxidation

E. γ-Oxidation

138. In a patient suffering from diabetes mellitus in blood was detected acetone. Note the process of its production in the body.

1. By condensation of two molecules of acetyl-CoA

2. In course of α-oxidation of fatty acids

3. In course of β-oxidation of fatty acids

4. In course of γ-oxidation of fatty acids

5. In tricarboxylic acid cycle.

139. Aerobic oxidation of substrates is typical of a cardiac muscle. Which of the following is the major oxidation substrate of a cardiac muscle?

A. Fatty acids.

B. Triacylglycerols.

C. Glycerol.

D. Glucose.

E. Amino acids.

140. Carnitine is recommended to a sportsman as a preparation that increases physical activity and improves achievements. What biochemical process is mostly activated under the action of carnitine?

A. Transport of fatty acids into mitochondria.

B. Ketone bodies synthesis.

C. Lipids synthesis.

D. Tissue respiration.

E. Steroid hormones synthesis.

141. In diabetes mellitus and starvation there is an increase of ketone bodies content in blood, which are utilized as energetic material by tissues. Note the substance which is used in ketone bodies synthesis.

1. Acetyl-CoA

2. Citrate

3. Succinyl-CoA

4. α–Ketoglutarate

5. Malate

142. A 1-year-old child was brought to a clinic with signs of muscle weakness. Through the inspection, the deficiency of carnitine in the muscles was determined. The biochemical mechanism of the development of this pathology consists in the disorder of the process of:

A. Transport of fatty acids into mitochondria.

B. Regulation of the level of Ca²⁺ in mitochondria.

C. Substrate level of phosphorylation.

D. Utilization of lactate.

E. Synthesis of actin and myosin.