Examples of Krok 1 tests

61. The content of vitamin PP is very low in milk and eggs, never the less these products have antipellagric action. It is caused by high content of precursor of this vitamin in mentioned products, namely:

1. Tryptophan

2. Riboflavin

3. Thiamine

4. Adenine

5. GDP

62. In an ill child the enlargement of abdomen, curvature of lower limbs, skul enlargement, general weakness is observed. What nutrient insufficiency can lead to the developement of such manifestations?

1. Vitamin D

2. Carbohydrates

3. Vitamin C

4. Iron

5. Lipids

63. A patient complains for a loss of weight, general weakness, bleeding of gums, loosening and hasitation and fall out of teeth. What vitamin deficiency is observed in a patient?

1. Ascorbic acid

2. Cyanocobalamine

3. Pyridoxine

4. Phylloquinone

5. Tocoferol

64. A patient complains for a loss of possibility to discriminate things in twilight, yet in daylight he see normally. The cause of this can be:

1. A hypovitaminosis

2. A hypervitaminosis

3. Glucose –6-phosphate defeciency

4. PP hypovitaminosis

5. D hypervitaminosis

65. In a patient with frequent intraorgan and mucosal bleeding in urine were detected proline and lysine. Deficiency of what vitamin causes a damage of their hydroxylation?

1. Vitamin C

2. Vitamin A

3. Vitamin K

4. Vitamin D

5. Vitamin E

66. In a patient were detected symptoms of skin lesions (dermatitis), digestive disorders (diarrhea), nerve system disfunction (dementia). The cause of named disorders can be:

1. Hypovitaminosis PP

2. Hypervitaminosis D

3. Hypervitaminosis A

4. Hypovitaminosis B₁

5. Hypovitaminosis B₆

67. A patient complains for loss of apetite, fall down of hair, general body exhaustion, conjunctivitis. From an anamnesis it was recognized, that patient consumed fish oil. Excess of what vitamin can be suspected in this case?

1. Vitamin A

2. Vitamin E

3. Vitamin C

4. Vitamin H

5. Vitamin D

68. After several months in polar expedition in a person appeared the next symptoms: bleeding of gums, multiple tooth decay (caries), loss of hair, skin hemorrhages, headache and general weakness. What disease can be suggested?

1. Scurvy

2. Polyneuritis

3. Beri-beri

4. Pernicious anemia

5. Pellagra

69. In a patient with symptoms of acidosis (pH lowering in blood ) in urine was detected significant quantity of methylmalonic acid. This is caused by insuficiency of the next vitamin:

1. B₁₂

2. B₂

3. B₅

4. C

5. D

70. Hydroxyproline is an essential amino acid in the collagen structure. Which of the following vitamins takes part in the formation of this amino acid by the proline hydroxylation pathway?

A. C.

B. D.

C. B₃

D.B₅

E.B₁

71. Vitamin therapy is appointed to a pregnant with a few involuntary abortions in anamnesis. What vitamin contributes to the bearing of pregnancy?

1. α-Tocopherol.

2. Ascorbic acid.

3. Cobalamine

4. Pyridoxine

5. Rutin.

72. A child manifests epileptic seizures caused by vitamin B₆ deficiency. This is conditioned by the decrease of the 7-aminobutyrate level in the nervous tissue which acts as an inhibiting neurotransmitter. The activity of which enzyme is decreased in this case?

A. Pyridoxal kinase.

B. Alanine aminotransferase.

C. Glutamate dehydrogenase.

D.Glutamate decarboxylase.

E. Glutamate synthetase

73. An ophthalmologist found that an outpatient has an increase in the time of sight adaptation for darkness. What kind of vitamin deficiency can be the cause of the symptom?

A. A.

B. E.

С. С

D. K.

E. D.

74. A patient suffers from dermatitis, diarrhea and dementia. The absence of which vitamin is the cause of such clinical state?

1. Nicotinamide.

2. Ascorbic acid.

3. Folic acid.

4. D.Biotin.

5. Rutin.

75. A patient was diagnosed with megaloblastic anemia. The lack of which substance in the human organism g cause this disease?

A. Copper.

B. Glycine.

C. Cobalamine.

D. Cholecalciferol.

E. Magnesium.

76. A patient with frequent bleedings inside the internal organs and mucous membranes was found having proline and lysine in the collagen fibers composition. What vitamin absence results in the disturbance of these amino acids hydroxylation?

A. C.

B. Е.

C. К.

D. A.

E. D.

77. According to the clinical signs, pyridoxal phosphate was prescribed to a patient. For the correction of what biochemical processes is this drug recommended?

A. Transamination and decarboxylation of amino acids.

B. Oxidative decarboxylation of ketoacids.

C. Deamination of amino acids.

D. Synthesis of purines and pyrimidines.

E. Protein synthesis.

78. A patient was diagnosed with dermatitis as a result of prolonged consumption of uncooked eggs. What vitamin deficiency developed in this case?

A. Biotin.

B. Folic acid.

C. Pantothenic acid.

D.Para-amino benzoic acid.

E. Vitamin C.

79. There is an increase in the pyruvate level in the patient's blood and urine. What kind of avitaminosis developed in this case?

A. B₁ avitaminosis.

B. Е avitaminosis.

C. B₃ avitaminosis.

D. B₂ avitaminosis.

E. B₁₂ avitaminosis.

80. Under different pathological states the level of active forms of oxygen rises, which results in the destruction of cellular membranes. In order to prevent the damage of membranes, antioxidants are used. The most powerful natural antioxidant is:

A. -Tocoferol.

B. Glucose.

C. Vitamin A.

D.Fatty acids.

E. Glycerol.

81. Most participants of the round-the-world voyage of Magellan perished from avitaminosis that was manifested by general weakness, hypodermic hemorrhages, loss of teeth, bleeding of gums. Name the disease which develops as a result of this avitaminosis.

A. Scurvy.

B. Pellagra.

C. Rachitis. D.Polyneuritis.

E. Birmer's anemia.

82. During the patronage a doctor revealed that a child had symmetric roughness of skin on his cheeks, diarrhea, disturbance of nervous activity. The deficiency of what food factors caused the appearance of such symptoms?

A. Nicotine acid, tryptophan.

B. Lysine, ascorbic acid.

C. Threonine, panthothenic acid.

D.Methionine, lipoic acid.

E. Phenylalanine, pangamic acid.

83. The Institute of gerontology recommends the aged people to take a complex of vitamins that contains vitamin E. What is the basic biological action of vitamin E?

A. Antioxydant.

B. Antihemorrhagic.

C. Antiscurving.

D. Antineuritic.

E. Antidermatitic.

84. A physician recommended a patient, who suffered from ulcer of duodenum, to drink daily juices made of cabbage and potatoe. What substances contributing to the prophylaxis and cicatrization of ulcers do these vegetables contain?

A. Vitamin U.

B. Panthothenic acid.

C. Vitamin C.

D. Vitamin B₆.

E. Vitamin K.

85. The treatment of a child, who suffers from rickets, with vitamin D₃ proved to be unsuccessful. Which is the most likely cause of treatment inefficiency?

A. Disturbance of hydroxylation of vitamin D₃

B. Insufficiency of lipids in food.

C. Disturbance of insertion of vitamin D₃ into the molecule of enzyme.

D. Increased consumption of vitamin D₃ by microorganisms of intestines.

E. Disturbance of vitamin D₃ transport by the proteins of blood.

86. After prolonged treatment of a patient with antibiotics, the suppression of intestinal microorganisms occurred. What kind of hypovitaminosis can resuit from this treatment?

A. B₆.

B. C.

C. A.

D. P.

E. D.

87. Malignant hyperchromc anemia, or Birmer's disease, is a pathological state caused by the deficiency of vitamin B_12. What chemical element is a constituent of the structure of this vitamin?

A. Cobalt.

B. Molybdenum.

C. Zinc.

D. Iron.

E. Magnesium.

88. After the resection of a 2/3 part of the stomach, the amount of erythrocytes in the blood of a patient has decreased, their volume has multiplied, and the level of hemoglobin has decreased. The deficiency of what vitamin causes such changes of blood contents?

A. PP.

B. C.

С. P.

D. B₁₂

E. D.

89. The simultaneous disorder of the human reproductive function and the dystrophy of skeletal muscles are caused by the deficiency of:

A. Vitamin E.

B. Vitamin A.

C. Vitamin K.

D. Vitamin D.

E. Vitamin B₆.

90. For diagnostics of certain illnesses the determination of blood transaminases activity is required. Which vita­min is a component of the cofactors of the enzymes?

A. B₆.

B. B₁₂.

C. B₃.

D. B₈.

E. B₅.

91. Pyridoxal phosphate was prescribed to a patient according to the clinical indication. For the correction of what biochemical pathway is this drug recommended?

A. Transamination and decarboxylation of amino acids.

B. Oxidative decarboxylation of ketoacids.

C. Deamination of purine nucleotides.

D. Synthesis of purine and pirymidine bases.

E. Protein synthesis.