2. Chose the enzyme which plays an important role in production of hydrochloric acid by parietal cells of gastric mucosa glands:

A. Carbonic anhydrase

B. Catalase

C. Pyruvate dehydrogenase

D. Cytochrome oxidase

E. Peroxidase

3. Which of the following is not a function of the pancreas?

A. Secretes alkaline juice which neutralized chyme while chyme is stored in the stomach

B. Secretes insulin as well as glucagon into pancreatic duct

C. Secretes both endocrine and execrine substances

D. Secretes lipase which acts on bile-emulsified fats to convert them to fatty acids and glycerol

E. Secretes amylase which acts on starches to convert them to maltose

4. Zymogens of proteolytic enzymes are activated by the next process:

A. Limited proteolysis

B. Hydroxylation of lysine

C. Carboxylation of glutamic acid

D. Decarboxylacion of aspartic acid side chain

E. Phosphorylation of serine residues in protein molecule

5. The specificity of trypsin is cleavage of peptide bonds formed by the next amino acid residues:

A. Carboxyl group of arginine

B. Carboxyl group of aliphatic amino acids like valine

C. Amino groups of proline

D. Carboxyl group of glutamic acid

E. Carboxyl group of phenylalanine

6. A decrease in production and secretion of trypsin is observed in an inflammatory changes in pancreatic gland. Digestion and absorption of what substances will be impaired in this situation?

A. Proteins

B .Polysaccharides

C. Nucleic acids

D. Disaccharides

E. Lipids

7. Which one of the following statements is correct?

A. Trypsin can act as an activator for all zymogens of pancreatic proteinases

B. Trypsin is an exopeptidase that liberates free amino acids

C. Pepsinogen is activated by enteropeptidase

D. Pepsin is an endopeptidase secreted by pancreas

E. Chymotrypsin acts on peptide bonds formed by the amino acid glycine

8. The nutritional validity of proteins depends from the next factors:

A. Essential amino acids content

B. Solubility in water medium

C. Molecular weight of protein

D. Glycine and alanine content

E. Histidine content

9. The bile salts are:

A. Detergents for breaking up large fat globules to small ones

B. Enzymes for digesting food in the small intestines

C. Stimulants to pancreatic secretion of enzymes

D. The major ingredients of gallstones

E. Reabsorbed primarily by the gallbladder

10. An individual who consumes 100 g of protein loses 13,5 g of nitrogen in the urine, 2 g in the feces, and 0,5 g by other routes. This individual most evidently is:

A. A 6-year-old child

B. A 74-old woman

C. A 33-old men after trauma

D. Consuming a diet deficient in lysine

E. A normal, healthy adult

11. What substance is produced from tryptophan in case of protein putrefaction in digestive tube?

A. Indole

B. Cresol

C. Phenol

D. Putrescine

E. Serotonine

12. The level of protein putrefaction in bowels can be evaluated by determination of the next compound in urine:

A. Indicane

B. Scatole

C. Indole

D. Indoxyle

E. Scatoxyle

14. Lipids of food stuffs in digestive tract are cleaved and absorbed in intestines. What products of lipid hydrolysis are absorbed in intestines?

A. Fatty acids

B. Amino acids

C. Lipoproteins

D. Monosaccharides

E. Polypeptides

15. In duodenum the digestion of carbohydrates occurs due to action of pancreatic enzymes. What enzymes from listed below can hydrolyse 1-4 glycosidic bonds?

A. -Amylase

B. Lipase

C. Carboxypeptidase

D. Trypsin

E. Elastase

16. In dietary deficiency or insufficient production of endogeneous lipotropic factors in humans is developing fat liver degeneration. What substances from listed below can be considered as lipotropic factor?

A. Choline

B. Pyridoxine

C. Triacylglycerols

D. Cholegterol

E. Fatty acids

17. Selenium is an ultra trace element and is incorporated in structure of enzyme:

1. Gluthation peroxydase

2. Lactate dehydrogenase

3. Catalase

4. Myeloperoxydase

5. Pyruvate kinase

18. What action does pancreatic juice have on carbohydrate digestion?

A. All of the above

B. Converts sucrose to glucose and fructose

C. Converts polysaccharides and starches to maltose

D. Converts lactose to glucose and galactose

E. Converts maltose to glucose

19. Bile acids are derivatives of:

A. Cholesterol

B. Heme

C. Sphingomyeline

D. Phosphatidyl choline

E. Long chain fatty acids

20. In digestion of dietary lipids there is need in one of the digestive secrets. What secrete from listed below take part in lipids emulsification?

A. Bile

B. Intestinal juice

C. Pancreatic juice

D. Saliva

E. Gastric juice

21. In the course of the investigation of secretory gastric function a hypochlorhydria was recognized. Activity of what enzyme will be decreased in this condition?

A. Pepsin

B. Hexokinase

C. Dipeptidase

D. Amylase

E. Lipase

22. In the piece of gastric mucosa, excised from the patient with gastric ulcer disease, Helicobacter pylori was detected. What enzyme can be detected simultaneously in the tissue specimen?

A. Urease

B. Dehydrogenase

C. Alanine AT

D. Aspartate AT

E. Carboxypeptidase

25. Gastrin, which is secreted by stomach cells, functions to:

A. Increase the secretions of the gastric glands

B. Inhibit the production of hydrochloric acid

C. Change pepsin into pepsinogen

D. Initiate the cephalic phase of digestion

E. Inhibit the secretory activities of liver and small intestine

26. Which sequence illustrates the order of the steps from food to biochemically useful energy?

A. Digestion, acetyl-CoA production, citric acid cycle, ATP production

B. Citric acid cycle, digestion, acetyl-CoA production, ATP production

C. Digestion, citric acid cycle, acetyl-CoA production, ATP production

D. Digestion, acetyl-CoA production, ATP production, citric add cycle

E. Digestion, citric acid cycle, ATP production. acetyl-CoA production

27. Which of the following substances are produced from hydrolysis of dietary fats in the small intestine?

A. Fatty acids

B. Amino adds

C. Bile salts

D. Monosacchandes

E. Triglycerides

28. In comparing the potential energy of lipids and carbohydrates on a weight basis, it is correct to say that lipids provide:

A. Considerably more energy than carbohydrates.

B. Considerably less energy than carbohydrates.

C. Slightly less energy than carbohydrates.

D. Almost the same amount of energy as carbohydrates.

E. Slightly more energy than carbohydrates.

29. The chemical digestion of __?__ begins in stomach through the action of the enzyme __?__

A. Protein; pepsin.

B. Fat; bile

C. Carbohydrate; salivary amylase

D. Fat; lipaae

E. Both C and D

30. Secretin produced by the mucosa of the duodenum is stimulated by:

1. Acidity of the chyme

2. Distention of the stomach

3. Large quantities of bile

4. A fatty chyme

5. None of the above

31. Amino acids, monosaccharrides, glycorol and fatty acids are:

A. End products of digestion

B. All hormones

C. Products of carbohydrate metabolism

D. Enzymes

E. Transported in the lymph to all the lymph nodes in the body

32. Physiological daily requirement of protein in healthy adults has the next value:

A. 1 g per kg body weight B.0,3 g per kg body weight

C. 0,1 g per kg body weight

D.5 g per kg body weight

E.15 g per kg body weight

33. Trypsinogen is produced in exocrine part of pancreatic gland and excreted to duodenum, where it is activated by the next factor:

A. Enteropeptidase

B. Chymotrypsinogen

C. Secretin

D. Gastrin

E. Cholecystopancreozymine

34. Only one type of digestive juice contains carbohydrate, protein and fat-digesting enzymes. Which one is it?

A. Pancreatic juice

B. Saliva

C. Bile

D. Intestinal juice

E. Gastric juice

35. Essential fatty acids include the next items:

A. Palmitic acid

B. Arachidonic acid

C. Oleic acid

D. Palmitoleic acid

E. Succinic acid

36. The action of bile in lipid digestion is to:

A. Emulsify fats by a detergent action

B. Chemically degrade triglycerides to fatty glycerol

C. Chemically convert triglycerides to diglycerides

D. Chemically reduce cholesterol esters to cholesterol

E. A and B

37. The cause of endemic goiter is deficiency of trace element

A. Iodine

B. Zinc

C. Copper

D. Iron

E. Maganese

38. Which of these is false about "gastric juice?''

A. None of the above

B. Contains the intrinsic factor for absorption of vitamin B₁₂

C. Is controlled in part by a hormone called gastrin

D. Becomes neutralized in the duodenum by the action of sodium bicarbonate from the pancreas

E. Is highly acidic because of its HCL content

39. What substance is produced from tryptophan in case of protein putrefaction in digestive tube?

A. Putrescine

B.Cresol

C.Phenol

D. Indole

E.Serotonine

40. What process occurs during emulgation of lipids?

1. Breakage of lipid fraction with the increase of its surface

2. Phosphorolysis

3. Oxidation

4. Reduction

41. Which compound is the emulgator of lipids in the duodenum?

1. Bile acids

2. Chloride acid

3. Sodium bicarbonate

4. Enteral juice

5. Lipase

42. The deficiency of what enzyme is the most frequent cause of the incomplete digestion of lipids in the digestive tract and increased content of the neutral fat in the faeces?

1. Pancreatic lipase

2. Enteral lipase

3. Phospholipase

4. Enterokinase

5. Gastric lipase

43. The investigation of the gastric juice obtained from the 6 month child evaluated the increased lipase activity. What is optimal pH for this enzyme?

1. 5,5

2. 9,5

3. 1,5

4. 3,2

5. 7,8

44. In the course of lipids digestion the products of their hydrolysis are accumulated in blood. Which of the following compounds are increased in blood plasm during lipids absorption?

1. Chylomicrons

2. IDL

3. VLDL

4. HDL

5. LDL

45. Which enzyme breakdowns intracellular lipids?

1. Trigliceride lipase

2. Lipoprotein lipase

3. Phospholipase

4. Lipase

5. Sphyngolipase