С. Fatigue faster compared to the red fibers

D. Contract faster than the red fibers

Е. Contain more hemoglobinum than the red fibers

17. Chose from listed proteins a ONE which is NOT a component of thin filaments of sarcomere.

1. Myosine

2. Actin

3. Tropomyosine

4. Troponine

5. Nebuline

18. Thick filaments of sarcomere are composed from the next protein:

1. Titin

2. Tropomyosine

3. Myosine type I

4. Myosine type II

5. α-Actinin

19. The next statement about myosine II is correct.

1. The molecule contains one heavy chain and two light chains

2. The molecule contains two heavy chains and two pairs of light chains

3. The molecule contains two long polypeptide chains folded as β-pleated sheets

4. It is a globular protein possessing ATP-ase activity

5. It binds calcium ions tightly

20. Which of the following does not change length during muscle contraction?

1. The H zone

2. The A band

3. The I band

4. The sarcomere

5. The myofibril

21. Calcium ions binds with the highest affinity with the next myofibrillar protein:

1. Troponin C

2. Actin

3. Tropomyosine

4. Troponine I

5. Myosine

22. Concerning cardiac and skeletal muscle, which statement is most accurate?

1. Cardiac muscle contains structures known as intercalated discs

2. Cardiac muscle fibres are not striated whereas skeletal muscle fibres are striated.

3. Cardiac Myofibril nuclei are eccentrally placed whereas skeletal myofibril nuclei are centrally placed.

4. Skeletal muscle fibres exhibit more branching than cardiac muscle fibres

5. None of the above

23. Creatine is synthesized from the next amino acid precursor:

1. Arginine

2. Alanine

3. Histidine

4. Glutamate

5. Lysine

24. Smooth muscle is not cross striated because:

1. Myofibrils are not in register with each other

2. Myosin and actin in the myofibril

3. Myofibrils are in register with each other

4. It has gap junctions

5. It is surrounded by a basal lamina.

25. Creatine is reversibly phosphorylated by the following macroergic compound:

1. ATP

2. Phosphoenolpyruvate

3. Carbamoyl phosphate

4. NADP

5. UTP

26. The end product of creatine catabolism, which is excreted with urine is the next compound:

1. Creatinine

2. Cretine phosphate

3. Uric acid

4. Urea

5. β-Alanine

27. Chose the correct statement about Cori cycle:

1. Exchange with lactate-and glucose between muscles and liver

2. Exchange with glutamate-and glutamine between muscles and liver

3. Exchange with lactate-and glycogen between muscles and liver

4. Transfer of ketone bodies from liver to muscles

5. Production of glucose from glycogen in liver and its transport to muscles

28. What amino acid derivative excreted with urine may serve as indicator of muscle tissue damage?

1. Methylhistidine

2. Indolilacetate

3. Mandelic acid

4. Citrulline

5. Isovaleric acid

29. For early recognition of heart muscle damage in myocardial infarction the highest validity has increased activity of the following enzyme in blood plasma:

1. Creatine kinase

2. Lactatedehydrogenase

3. Alanine aminotransferase

4. Aspartate aminotransferase

5. Amylase

30. Duchenne’s myodystrophy is hereditary disease caused by mutation of specific gene in X chromosome. Deficiency of what protein as gene product is involved in the mechanism of disease manifestation?

1. Dytrophin

2. Myosine

3. Actine

4. Troponin

5. Nebulin

31. People after prolong hypodynamia after intensive physical exercises manifest severe pain in muscles. What is the most probable cause of such a phenomenon?

1. Hyperproduction and retention of lactate in muscles

2. Decrease of lipids in myocytes

3. Increase of ADP in myocytes

4. Accumulation of creatinine in muscles

5. Increased proteolysis in muscles

32. Tetanus toxin induces tonic straining of skeletal and vessel muscles due to inhibition of secretion by nerve endings such neurotransmitter as:

1. GABA

2. Norepinephrine

3. Acetylcholine

4. Glycine

5. Glutamate

33. What motor proteins analogous to myosin provide intracellular transport of subcellular particles?

1. Dynein and kinesin

2. Actinin

3. Vimentin and integrin

4. Titin and nebulin

5. Tubulin and actin

34. For early diagnosis of muscular dystrophy the most informative is an increase of the activity of certain enzyme in blood plasma. Note it:

A. Creatine kinase

Lactate dehydrogenase

B. Alanine aminotransferase

C. Aspartate aminotransferase

D.E. Alfa-amylase

35. The isozyme CK-MB is specifically increased in the blood of patients who had:

A. Recent myocardial infarction

Skeletal muscle disease

B.C. Infective hepatitis

D. Myxoedema

36. The fastest regeneration of ATP from ADP for immediate muscular contraction is achieved by the following process:

1. Transfer of phosphate group from creatine phosphate to ADP

2. Aerobic glycolysis

3. Glycogenolysis

4. Anaerobic glycolysis

5. Oxidation of fatty acids

37. Tetany can occur in:

A. Hypocalcaemia

B. Hypercalcaemia

C. Alkalosis

D. Hypocalcaemia and alkalosis

38. Thick filaments which are involved in intracellular transport and particles migration are composed from the next protein:

1. Actinin

2. Collagen

3. Tubulin

4. Keratine

5. Filamin

39. Creatin phosphate is synthesized in the next cell compartment:

A. Mitochondria

B. Endoplasmic reticulum

C. Lysosomes

D. Nucleus

E. Cell cytoplasm

40. Which of the following statements regarding the connective tissue of a skeletal muscle is correct?

1. The endomysium consists of fine reticular fibres surrounding the muscle fibre.

2. The perimysium surrounds the individual muscle fibres within a fascicle

3. The epimysium seperates each muscle fascicle from the others

4. The perimysium envelopes the whole skeletal muscle.

5. None of the above

41. When skeletal muscle contracts an arrangement of the alternating light and dark bands traversing each skeletal muscle cell changes. Which of the following statements is not correct?

1. The space occupied by the H zone will not change

2. The dark A bands will remain a constant length

3. The light I bands will shorten

4. The z lines come closer together

5. The I band consists solely of thin actin filaments

42. Chose the substance which triggers directly the contraction of myofibril of skeletal muscle:

A. Ca ions

B. Creatine

C. Creatine phosphate

D. cAMP

E. ATP

43. Which of the following statements is false?

1. Smooth muscle is responsible for the movement of the skeleton.

2. Endomysium surrounding smooth muscle is very rich in reticular fibres

3. Smooth muscle specialises for continuous contractions of relatively low force resulting in contraction of the whole muscle

4. There are no tendons in smooth muscle

The nuclei of smooth muscle cells are heterochromatic

44. In what type of muscles in contraction process is involved calmodulin ?

A. Smooth muscles

B. Cardiac muscle

C. Skeletal muscles

45. What amino acid derivative excreted with urine may serve as indicator of muscle tissue damage?

A. Methylhistidine

Indolilacetate

C. Mandelic acid

D. Citrulline

E. Isovaleric acid

46. The basic unit of contraction is the:

1. Sarcomer

2. Dynein

3. Myosin

4. Actin

5. Z-Lines

47. The next statement about myosine II is correct:

1. The molecule contains one heavy chain and two light chains

2. The molecule contains two heavy chains and two pairs of light chains

3. The molecule contains two long polypeptide chains folded as β-pleated sheets

4. It is a globular protein possessing ATP-ase activity

5. It binds calcium ions tightly

48. After intensive physical exercises, what helps to repay the body's oxygen debt?

1. Breathing

2. Stretching

3. Eating

4. Thinking

5. Vomiting

49. The isozyme CK-MB is specifically increased in the blood of patients who had:

A. Recent myocardial infarction

B. Skeletal muscle disease

C. Infective hepatitis

D. Myxoedema