1. Acetoacetate, β-hydroxybulyrate, and acetone

2. Aspartate, pyruvate

3. α-ketoglutarate, malate, sussinate

4. Acyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA

5. cholic and deoxycholic acid

146. Renal threshold, polyuria is observed, as well as acidosis and ketonuria. What disease can be suggested?

A. Diabetes mellitus

B. Starvation

C. Hypercorticism

D. Addison disease

E. Hyperthyreosis

147. A worker of a chemical plant was brought to a hospital with signs of poisoning. In the woman's hair a high level of arsenate that blocks the lipoic acid was revealed. The disorder of what biochemical process is the most probable cause of poisoning?

A. Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate.

B. Microsomal oxidation.

C. Reduction of methemoglobin.

D. Reduction of organic oxides.

E. Rendering superoxide radicals harmless

.

148. During the investigation in some person was revealed blood glucose concentration on a level 4,5 mMoles/l. It may be the next interpretation of obtained result:

1. A person is healthy

2. A person has diabetes mellitus

3. A person possess increased tolerance toward glucose

4. A person has diabetes insipidus

5. A person has steroid diabetes

149. A 40-year-old woman diagnosed with diabetes mellitus is admitted to a department of endocrinology. The patient complains of thirst and increased hunger. What pathological components are exposed at laboratory research of the patient's urine?

1. Glucose, ketone bodies

2. Protein, amino acid

3. Protein, creatine

4. Bilirubin, urobilin

150. A woman in the unconscious state was brought to an emergency clinic. Laboratory research revealed that the blood glucose level makes 1.98 mM/1, the level of hemoglobin is 82 g/1, the amount of erythrocytes is 2.1∙10¹², SSE (speed of erythrocytes settling) is 18 mm/hour and the amount of leucocytes is 4.3∙10⁹/l. Make a possible diagnosis.

A. Hypoglycemia.

B. Diabetes mellitus.

C. Galactosemia.

D.Somatotropin deficiency

E. Diabetes insipidus.

151. Under diabetes mellitus, the level of ketone bodies in blood dramatically rises, which results in the development of metabolic acidosis. What substance is the precursor of the ketone bodies synthesis?

A. Acetyl-CoA.

B. Succinyl-CoA.

C. Propionyl-CoA

D.Malonyl-CoA.

E. Mcthylmalonyl-CoA.

152. A patient manifests ketonuria. What disease is recognized by the augmented concentration of ketone bodies in his urine?

A. Diabetes mellitus.

B. Acute glomerular inflammation.

C. Urolithiasis.

D. Tuberculosis of the kidney.

E. Myocardial infarction.

153. A patient suffering from diabetes mellitus fainted after the introduction of insulin, and then cramps appeared. What level of sugar was determined in the patient's blood by means of biochemical analysis?

A. 10.0 mM/1.

B. 3.3 mM/1.

C. 8.0 mM/1.

D. 5.5 mM/1.

E. 1.5 mM/1.

154. Glucagon is produced in which endocrine gland?

A. Langerhans islands, α cells

B. Parathyroid gland

C. Pitiutary gland

D. Thymus

E. Medullar part of adrenals

155. A 17-year-old male presents complaining of an inability to perform strenuous exercise without bringing on painful muscle cramps and weakness. He indicated that mild to moderate exercise resulted in no problems. When he was administered an ischemic exercise test, his serum lactate concentrations did not increase significantly. A deficiency in which of the following enzymes is most likely the cause of the patient’s muscle cramps?

A. Glycogen phosphorylase

B. Glucose-6-phosphatase

C. Carnitine palmitoyl transferase II

D. Glycogen synthase

E. Very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase

156. A 27-year-old man has been rushed to the emergency room following his sudden collapse and entry into a state of unconsciousness. Examination of personal belongings revealed the patient is an insulin-dependent diabetic. A rapid decline in which of the following humoral factors likely triggered the sudden collapse of the patient?

A. Glucose

B. Glucagon

C. Fatty acids

D. Insulin

E. Triglyceride