
- •Irish Lesson 1
- •Irish Lesson 2
- •Irish Lesson 3
- •Irish Lesson 4
- •Irish Lesson 5
- •Irish Lesson 6
- •Irish Lesson 7
- •Irish Lesson 8
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 9
- •Irish Lesson 10
- •Irish Lesson 11
- •Vocabulary Masculine nouns
- •Irish Lesson 12
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 13
- •Vocabulary Masculine nouns
- •Irish Lesson 14
- •Irish Lesson 15
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 16
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 17
- •Vocabulary Masculine Nouns
- •Irish Lesson 18
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 19
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 20
- •Irish Lesson 21
- •Irish Lesson 22
- •Irish Lesson 23
- •Vocabulary Masculine Nouns
- •Irish Lesson 24
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 25
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 26
- •Irish Lesson 27
- •Irish Lesson 28
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 29
- •Irish Lesson 30
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 31
- •Irish Lesson 32
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 33
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 34
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 35
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 36
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 37
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 38
- •Irish Lesson 39
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 40
- •Irish Lesson 41
- •Irish Lesson 42
- •Irish Lesson 43
- •Irish Lesson 44
- •Irish Lesson 45
- •Irish Lesson 46
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 47
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 48
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 49
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 50
- •Irish Lesson 51
- •Irish Lesson 52
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 53
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 54
- •Irish Lesson 55
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 56
- •Irish Lesson 57
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 58
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 59
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 60
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 61
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 62
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 63
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 64
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 65
- •Irish Lesson 66
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 67
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 68
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 69
- •Irish Lesson 70
- •Irish Lesson 71
- •Irish Lesson 72
- •Irish Lesson 73
- •Irish Lesson 74
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 75
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 76
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 77
- •Irish Lesson 78
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 79
- •Irish Lesson 80
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 81
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 82
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 83
- •Irish Lesson 84
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 85
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 87
- •Irish Lesson 88
- •Irish Lesson 89
- •Irish Lesson 90
- •Comhrá(koh-raw*), conversation
- •Grammar Review
- •Irish Lesson 91
- •Comhrá(koh-raw*), Conversation
- •Notes on the conversation:
- •Grammar Review
- •Irish Lesson 92
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 93
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 94
- •Irish Lesson 95
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 96
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 97
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 98 The fourth declension of nouns
- •Vocabulary of fourth-declension nouns
- •Irish Lesson 99
- •Irish Lesson 100
- •Irish Lesson 101
- •Irish Lesson 102
- •Insint neamhdhireach (in-shint nyav-yi-rahk*); indirect speech
- •Irish Lesson 103
- •Irish Lesson 104
- •Irish Lesson 105
- •Irish Lesson 106
- •Irish Lesson 107
- •Irish Lesson 108 Recognition drill for an modh coinníollach with irregular verbs
- •Irregular verbs in the conditional mood
- •Irish Lesson 109 Recognition drill with modh coinníollach
- •An modh coinníollach in conversation
- •Vocabulary
- •Ainmfhocail fhirinscneacha (an-im-oh-kil ir-insh-knahk*-uh) Masculine nouns
- •Ainmfhocail bhaininscneacha (vwin-insh-knahk*-huh) feminine nouns
- •Irish Lesson 110 Comprehension for an modh coinníollach
- •"Is" in sentences with "if"
- •Comhrá(koh-raw*)
- •Irish Lesson 111
- •Vocabulary for verbs
- •Irish Lesson 112 Recognition Drill for Verbs
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 113
- •Graiméar
- •Cleachtadh
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 114
- •Graiméar
- •Cleachtadh
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 115 Cleachtadh aitheantais (a-huhn-tish); recognition drill
- •Graiméar
- •Cleachtadh leis an aimsir ghnáthchaite
- •Focail nua
- •Irish Lesson 116 Graiméar
- •Indirect speech with an aimsir ghnáthchaite
- •Irish Lesson 117
- •Cleachtadh leis an aimsir ghnáthchaite
- •Special expressions; cora cainte (koh-ruh keyen-te) or idioms
- •Cleachtadh leis na réamhfhocail (ray*V-oh-kil) (prepositions)
- •Irish Lesson 118 Cleachtadh le briathra
- •Graiméar
- •Cleachtadh aitheantais na mbriathra; recognition drill for verbs
- •Irish Lesson 119 Cleachtadh le briathra; practice with verbs
- •Réamhfhocail (ray*V-ohk-il); prepositions
- •Graiméar
- •Irish Lesson 120 Graiméar
- •Irish Lesson 121 Cleachtadh briathra: practice with verbs
- •Graiméar
- •Foirmeacha le "ar"
- •Liosta focal briathra
- •Ainmfocail (an-im-oh-kil)
- •Irish Lesson 122 Cleachtadh leis an gclaoninsint (glay*-uhn-in-shint); practice with indirect speech
- •Graiméar
- •Lasadh séan solas
- •Irish Lesson 123 Cleachtadh briathra; practice on verbs
- •Irish Lesson 124
- •Irish Lesson 125 Graiméar: an forainm coibhneasta (fohr-an-im kiv-nas-tuh)
- •Irish Lesson 126
- •Irish Lesson 127 An forainm coibhneasta (fohr-an-im kiv-nas-tuh) le "is"; the relative pronoun with "is"
- •Irish Lesson 128 Cleachtadh leis an forainm coibhneasta le "is" (practice with the relative pronoun for "is")
- •Réamhfhocail; prepositions
- •An ceacht deireanach; the last lesson
Irish Lesson 55
Pronunciation Exercise
Sound out these phrases, while trying to remember the rules you have learned in previous lessons;
Laisteas de; daoine eile; an daoíne dhaonna; seasca faoin gcéad; ba mhaith liomé; níbhfaighfeáé; cara; na cairde; dlúthchara.
The pronunciation key and translation for these expressions are: (LASH-tuhs de), south of; laisteas de Luimneach: south of Limerick. (DEEN-uh EL-e), other persons. The "d" is broad, with tongue tip against the upper front teeth.
(un DEEN-e GAY*-nuh), the human race. The first "d" is slender, with tongue tip against the ridge behind the upper front teeth. The second "d" is aspirated broad "d" and gets a (g) sound, with a trace of sound resembling English "w" after it.
(SHAS-kuh fween gay*d), sixty percent. Pronounce the "f" with lips out, and a sound resembling English "w" will naturally follow it.
(buh VWAH luhm ay*), I would like it.
(nee VWEYE-faw* ay*), you wouldn't get it. "Aigh" often takes the sound (eye).
(KAH-ruh), friend. The "r" is broad, rolled somewhat.
(nuh KAHR-de), the friends. The "d" here is slender and may sound as if a "y" followed it: (KAHR-dye).
(dloo-K*AH-ruh), close friend. The "ch" sounds like the German "ach" sound that you know from radio and television imitations.
Vocabulary
The Irish word "baile" (BAHL-e) has several meanings: town, village, farm, home, small settlement. "Sa bhaile" (suh VWAHL-e) or "ag baile" (eg BAHL-e) means "at home". "Baile" is often part of the name of Irish towns. It is anglicized as "Bally". Mispronunciations of this type were often deliberate and had the purpose of ridiculing and disparaging the central cultural legacy of Ireland, its language. One way to help in maintaining the language is to give Irish towns their Irish names at all times.
Some examples of "baile" in town names:
An Baile Mór (un BAHL-e mohr), the big town. Ballymore is the anglicized version.
Baile an Tobair (BAHL-uhn TOH-bir), town of the well. "Tobar" is "well", and "tobair", with a slender "r", is the possessive case, meaning "of the well". Ballintober is the anglicized verison.
Baile na Sionnaine (BAHL-e nuh SHUHN-in-e), town of the Shannon. "An tSionnain" is the "the Shannon", and "na Sionnaine" is the possessive case, meaning "of the Shannon". Ballyshannon is the anglicized version.
Do not confuse "baile" with "béal" (bay*l), mouth or entrance: BéalÁtha na Sluaighe (bay*l aw* nuh SLOO-e), mouth of the ford of the hosts. The anglicized version is Ballinasloe.
Drill
Here is a recognition review of some of the vocabulary and grammar from past lessons. Read the essentials aloud. If yo do not grasp the meaning immediately, look at the translation below. This is not a translation exercise, so do not translate word for word.
Rith amach agus faigh an madra. Rith séisteach chun an leabhar a léamh. An labhraíonn síleis an múinteoir? Béarfaidh méar an mbuachaill sin. Nár fhill siad abhaile fós? Bíonn siad ag stopadh ag an stáisiún gach oíche. Nácoimeád iad. Aontaím leat, a Mháire. Nach raibh túi do sheasamh in aice na tine tamall?
Chailleamar an t-airgead go léir. Dúirt sénach ndearna séé. Isésin an fear. Is docttúiré. Dochtúir, an ea? Sea. Nach raibh mála aici? Sílim nach raibh. Bhuail muidé. Chuala ménach raibh séchomh maith leat. IséSéané. NachíBrídí? An bhfuil an bainneólta agat?
Key to some of the above words: (ri uh-MAHK*; feye; LOU-uhr; BAY*R-hee; EE-huh; kim-AW*D).
Translation: Run out and get the dog. He ran in to read the book. Does she talk with the teacher? I will catch that boy. Didn't they return home yet? They usually stop at the station every night. Don't keep them. I agree with you, Mary. Weren't you standing next to the fire for a while?
We lost all the money. He said that he didn't do it. That is the man. He is a doctor. A doctor, is it? It is. Did't she have a bag? I think that she didn't. We struck him. I heard that he wasn't as good as you. It's John. Isn't it Bridget? Have you drunk the milk?
If you found some of these sentences difficult, you may profit from a review of past lessons.
Where You Stand
At the present stage of your study, you know the basic forms of the verbs. You lack only the conditional, exemplified by "I would go", the habitual past, some of the imperative mood, which gives commands, and also the free form or impersonal, which will allow you to say such thoughts as "It is bought here" or "people buy it here". There are still many verbs that you need to bring your vocabulary up to the desired level, but you are well into the language now.
Noun plurals are a topic that must come soon. We will work slowly into this, with the objective of developing your ability to sense what a plural form should be from the singular form of the word.
Once we have given you a good vocabulary of verbs, nouns, adjectives, and adverbs, we will begin on idioms, which are speech forms whose meaning is not readily apparent from the individual words. All languages have these. An example: "Cuireann séisteach air" means "He interferes with him", not "He puts in on him". Many of these idioms, or cora cainte (KOH-ruh KEYENT-e), make use of prepositions, such as "ag", "ar", "le", and others that you will soon learn. You know a number of idioms already, as you will discover.