
- •Irish Lesson 1
- •Irish Lesson 2
- •Irish Lesson 3
- •Irish Lesson 4
- •Irish Lesson 5
- •Irish Lesson 6
- •Irish Lesson 7
- •Irish Lesson 8
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 9
- •Irish Lesson 10
- •Irish Lesson 11
- •Vocabulary Masculine nouns
- •Irish Lesson 12
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 13
- •Vocabulary Masculine nouns
- •Irish Lesson 14
- •Irish Lesson 15
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 16
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 17
- •Vocabulary Masculine Nouns
- •Irish Lesson 18
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 19
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 20
- •Irish Lesson 21
- •Irish Lesson 22
- •Irish Lesson 23
- •Vocabulary Masculine Nouns
- •Irish Lesson 24
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 25
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 26
- •Irish Lesson 27
- •Irish Lesson 28
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 29
- •Irish Lesson 30
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 31
- •Irish Lesson 32
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 33
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 34
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 35
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 36
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 37
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 38
- •Irish Lesson 39
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 40
- •Irish Lesson 41
- •Irish Lesson 42
- •Irish Lesson 43
- •Irish Lesson 44
- •Irish Lesson 45
- •Irish Lesson 46
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 47
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 48
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 49
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 50
- •Irish Lesson 51
- •Irish Lesson 52
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 53
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 54
- •Irish Lesson 55
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 56
- •Irish Lesson 57
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 58
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 59
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 60
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 61
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 62
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 63
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 64
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 65
- •Irish Lesson 66
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 67
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 68
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 69
- •Irish Lesson 70
- •Irish Lesson 71
- •Irish Lesson 72
- •Irish Lesson 73
- •Irish Lesson 74
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 75
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 76
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 77
- •Irish Lesson 78
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 79
- •Irish Lesson 80
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 81
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 82
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 83
- •Irish Lesson 84
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 85
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 87
- •Irish Lesson 88
- •Irish Lesson 89
- •Irish Lesson 90
- •Comhrá(koh-raw*), conversation
- •Grammar Review
- •Irish Lesson 91
- •Comhrá(koh-raw*), Conversation
- •Notes on the conversation:
- •Grammar Review
- •Irish Lesson 92
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 93
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 94
- •Irish Lesson 95
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 96
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 97
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 98 The fourth declension of nouns
- •Vocabulary of fourth-declension nouns
- •Irish Lesson 99
- •Irish Lesson 100
- •Irish Lesson 101
- •Irish Lesson 102
- •Insint neamhdhireach (in-shint nyav-yi-rahk*); indirect speech
- •Irish Lesson 103
- •Irish Lesson 104
- •Irish Lesson 105
- •Irish Lesson 106
- •Irish Lesson 107
- •Irish Lesson 108 Recognition drill for an modh coinníollach with irregular verbs
- •Irregular verbs in the conditional mood
- •Irish Lesson 109 Recognition drill with modh coinníollach
- •An modh coinníollach in conversation
- •Vocabulary
- •Ainmfhocail fhirinscneacha (an-im-oh-kil ir-insh-knahk*-uh) Masculine nouns
- •Ainmfhocail bhaininscneacha (vwin-insh-knahk*-huh) feminine nouns
- •Irish Lesson 110 Comprehension for an modh coinníollach
- •"Is" in sentences with "if"
- •Comhrá(koh-raw*)
- •Irish Lesson 111
- •Vocabulary for verbs
- •Irish Lesson 112 Recognition Drill for Verbs
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 113
- •Graiméar
- •Cleachtadh
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 114
- •Graiméar
- •Cleachtadh
- •Vocabulary
- •Irish Lesson 115 Cleachtadh aitheantais (a-huhn-tish); recognition drill
- •Graiméar
- •Cleachtadh leis an aimsir ghnáthchaite
- •Focail nua
- •Irish Lesson 116 Graiméar
- •Indirect speech with an aimsir ghnáthchaite
- •Irish Lesson 117
- •Cleachtadh leis an aimsir ghnáthchaite
- •Special expressions; cora cainte (koh-ruh keyen-te) or idioms
- •Cleachtadh leis na réamhfhocail (ray*V-oh-kil) (prepositions)
- •Irish Lesson 118 Cleachtadh le briathra
- •Graiméar
- •Cleachtadh aitheantais na mbriathra; recognition drill for verbs
- •Irish Lesson 119 Cleachtadh le briathra; practice with verbs
- •Réamhfhocail (ray*V-ohk-il); prepositions
- •Graiméar
- •Irish Lesson 120 Graiméar
- •Irish Lesson 121 Cleachtadh briathra: practice with verbs
- •Graiméar
- •Foirmeacha le "ar"
- •Liosta focal briathra
- •Ainmfocail (an-im-oh-kil)
- •Irish Lesson 122 Cleachtadh leis an gclaoninsint (glay*-uhn-in-shint); practice with indirect speech
- •Graiméar
- •Lasadh séan solas
- •Irish Lesson 123 Cleachtadh briathra; practice on verbs
- •Irish Lesson 124
- •Irish Lesson 125 Graiméar: an forainm coibhneasta (fohr-an-im kiv-nas-tuh)
- •Irish Lesson 126
- •Irish Lesson 127 An forainm coibhneasta (fohr-an-im kiv-nas-tuh) le "is"; the relative pronoun with "is"
- •Irish Lesson 128 Cleachtadh leis an forainm coibhneasta le "is" (practice with the relative pronoun for "is")
- •Réamhfhocail; prepositions
- •An ceacht deireanach; the last lesson
Irish Lesson 30
PRONUNCIATION REVIEW
The letter "s" recieves its broad sound if an "a, o, u" is the nearest vowel in the word. The sound is very close to the American (s), with lips relaxed and a little trace of hissing. Try: sámh (saw*v), sampla (SAHM-pluh), só(soh), sú(soo), súil (SOO-il), san (suhn), saor (say*r), saoirse (SEER-she), slat (slaht), smál (smaw*l), spúnóg (spun-OHG), srón (srohn), stad (stahd), snas (snahs), stró(stroh), bás (baw*s), bosca (BOHSK-uh).
The slender sound of "s" is (sh), as in the English word "shun". It is heard when the nearest vowel is "e,i", unless the combinations "sm", "sp" or "str" occur. With those combinations, "s" always has its broad sound of (s). First try: sean (shan), séid (shay*d), seift (sheft), síl (sheel), simné(SHIM-nay*), seo (shuh), siopa (SHOHP-uh), leis (lesh), cliste (KLISH-te), slí(shlee), sneachta (SHNAHK*-tuh), stiúir (SHTYOO-ir), scríobh (shkreev).
Then, for examples of the exceptions to the slender sound, memorize these words: smig (smig), chin; spéir (spay*r), sky; srian (SREE-uhn), bridle; stríoc (streek) stripe.
"Is" is an exception and is pronounced (is).
GRAMMAR
You know the word "ag" (eg), meaning "at", and you have learned how it combines with "me, you", etc., to form "agam, agat" and so on.
Other Irish prepositions change similarly. One of these is "le" (le), meaning "with". Here are some examples of "le" with names and nouns that don't have "the" before them: le Seán; le Nóra; le fear, with a man; le bróg, with a shoe.
"Le" does not cause aspiration or eclipsis. The name or noun (without "the") is merely added. To say "with me, with you," etc. these are the forms:
liom (luhm) with me
leat (lat) with you
leis (lesh) with him
léi (lay*) with her
linn (lin) with us
libh (liv) with you (pl)
leo (loh) with them
Pronounce these with a slender "l" (see Lesson 27). Do not make an audible (y) sound; say (luhm), not (lyuhm).
If you want to say "with the man", or "with the book", the form is: leis an bhfear (lesh un var), with the man; leis an leabhar (lesh un LOU-wuhr) with the book. Eclipsis often occurs, and here are examples of it:
leis an mbád (lesh un maw*d) with the boat
leis an gcarr (lesh un gahr) with the car
leis an ndoras (lesh un NUH-ruhs) with the door
leis an bhfeirm (lesh un VER-im) with the farm
leis an ngairdín (lesh uhng ahr-DEEN) with the garden
leis an bpáipéar (lesh un baw*-PAY*R) with the paper
leis an dteanga (lesh un DYANG-uh) with the tongue (or language)
"D" and "t" are not eclipsed by "leis an" as often as are the other letters above. "Leis an doras" and "leis an teanga" are common.
Vocabulary
"Le" serves in many expressions in Irish. It commonly follows some important verbs, sometimes being used where English would use "to". Learn these expressions and verbs:
Dúirt séliomé(DOO-irt shay* luhm ay*), he said it to me.
Abair leis dul abhaile (AH-bir lesh duhl uh-VWAHL-e), tell him to go home.
Imigh leat (IM-ee lat), be off with you.
Dimigh séleis (DIM-ee shay* lesh), he departed (went off with himself).
Tig liom rince (tig luhm RINK-e), I can dance.
Níthig leat léamh (nee hig lat LAY*-uhv), you can't read.
An dtig leatéa dhéanamh? (un dig lat ay* uh YAY*N-uhv), can you do it?
Éist liom (ay*sht luhm), listen to me.
D'éist síliom (day*sht shee luhm), she listened to me.
Fan liom (fahn luhm), wait for me.
Dfhan séliom (dahn shay* luhm), he waited for me.
Níor fhan séleo (NEE-uhr ahn shay* loh), he didn't wait for them.
DRILL
With each of the forms in the Vocabulary (except "imigh" and "d'imigh"), substitute: le Seán; leis an bhfear; leis an gcailín.
CONVERSATION
Now that our pronunciation review is largly complete, we will emphasize conversation again. This week, we stress the past tense and "le". Next week, we will begin conversation drills in which you will take part by forming you own replies and answers.
Dónall (DOHN-uhl): Cébhuail an teach sin? Táballa leagtha (BAHL-uh LAG-huh). Who hit that house? There's a wall knocked down.
Pól (pohl):Ó, bhítimpist ann aréir (uh-RAY*R). Oh, there was an accident there last night. Chuaigh (K*OO-ig) tiománaí(ti-MAW*-nee) trísolas dearg (DYAR-ruhg) agus carr eile ag teacht go tapaidh (TAHP-ee). Chas an chéad (HYAY*-uhd) charr, ach níraibh an t-ádh (taw*) air. A driver went through a red light while another car was coming fast. The first car turned, but luck wasn't with him. Tháinig sésuas ar an gcosán (guh-SAW*N) agus direach isteach sa bhalla. D'éistíomar leis na tiománaithe ag caint le chéile. Drochchaint (druhk*-K*EYENT) ar fad. He came up on the sidewalk and right into the wall. We listened to the drivers talking to each other. Terrible language.
Dónall: Cad a tharla (HAHR-luh) ansin? What happened then?
Pól: Tháinig cara leis an tiománaíagus tharraing séan carr briste chuig garáiste (k*ig guh-RAW*SH-te). A friend of the driver came and towed the damaged car to the garage.
Dónall: Nach mór an truaé. What a shame.