Recommended Literature:

1. Арнольд И.В. Лексикология современного английского языка. = The English Word [Текст]: Учебн. для ин-тов и фак. иностр. яз. 3-е изд., перераб. и доп. / И.В.

Арнольд. – М.: Высшая школа,1986. – p.77 – 87.

2. Гинзбург, Р.З. Лексикология английского языка [Текст]: Учебн для ин-тов и фак.

иностр. яз. / Р.З. Гинзбург, С.С. Хидекель, Г.Ю. Князева и др.– М : Высшая школа,

1979. – p.89 – 95.

3. Антрушина Г.Б. Лексикология английского языка = English Lexicology [Текст]:

Учеб. для студ. пед.ин-тов по спец. №.2103 «Иностр. яз.» /Г.Б. Антрушина, О.В.

Афанасьева, Н.Н. Морозова – 3-е изд. стереотипн. – М.: Дрофа, 2001 – с. 59 – 66.

4. Арбекова Т.И. Лексикология английского языка (практический курс) .= The English Word [Текст]. Учебное пособие для студентов 2-3 курсов институтов и факультетов иностранных языков./ Т.И. Арбекова. – М.: Высшая школа, 1977 – М.: Просвещение, 1984. – с.7 – 38.

5. Смирницкий А.И. Лексикология английского языка [Текст] / А.И. Смирницкий – М.: Изд-во МГУ им. М.В.Ломоносова, 1998..– с. 48 – 64.

Lecture 9. Word-Building

1. Various Ways and Types of Forming Words.

2. Affixation. Preffixes and Suffixes.

3. Etymology of Derivational Affixes.

4. Productive and Non-productive Affixes.

5. Valency of Affixes and Bases.

Word-building is the process of creating new words from the material available in the language after certain structural and semantic formulas and patterns. There are four main structural types of words in Modern English. A distinction is made between word-derivation and word-composition. Conversion, derivation and composition are the most productive ways of word-building.

The basic ways of forming words in word derivation are affixation and conversion. Affixation is the formation of words by adding derivational affixes to different types of bases. It includes prefixation and suffixation.

Depending on the purpose of research, various classifications of suffixes have been used and suggested. They may be classified into different types in accordance with different principles.

According to the part of speech affixes served to form they may be subdivided into: noun-forming, adjective-forming, verb-forming, numeral-forming, adverb-forming affixes.

Within the parts of speech affixes have been classified semantically according to lexico-grammatical groups, semantic fields and the types of stems they are added to.

Affixes usually modify the lexical meaning of the base and some of them transfer words to a different part of speech or to a different semantic group. They may be subdivided into several groups. Semantically all affixes fall into monosemantic and polysemantic. Stylistically they may be neutral and stylistically marked.

From the etymological point of view affixes are classified into two main groups: native affixes and borrowed ones. Borrowed affixes are numerous in the English language. They may further be classified according to the source of origin.

Affixes may be classified into productive and non-productive types. Productivity of derivational affixes shows the ability of being used to form new, occasional and potential words in Modern English. Non-productive affixes are not able to form new words in Modern English though they may possess high frequency of occurrence. Some affixes may lose their productivity and then become productive again in the process of word-building.

Valancy of affixes is understood as their aptness to be combined with certain bases. Their valency is not unlimited it depends on the structural and semantic peculiarities of the bases. Valancy of bases is its aptness to take a particular affix. The valency of bases is selective.