Kyiv london
to celebrate the anniversary
to be recorded on the basis of smth.
to be confirmed by smb.
to found a city
to be commemorated in smth.
to promote the rapid growth and development of smth.
to consolidate the prestige in the world arena
to be succeeded by smb.
to extend the city boundaries
to set up a workshop
to raze to the ground
to ravage the city
to massacre the population
to be seized alternately by smth.
to be transferred from… to …
to boost the city's development
the mass demolition of churches
the devastation of the city
to set fire to smth.
to be taken for slave labour
to present a sorry sight
to heal the wounds of war
to rise from the ashes
to be named after smb.
to promote culture and literacy
to break to pieces
to turn smth. into smth.
to have a possibility for smth.
to stand for smth.
to be worthy of smth.
to be elected by the public
to come into effect
to pass through smth.
to live from hand to mouth
to be found in (some place)
to have (get, catch) a glimpse of
in memory of
under the command
to win the victory
at the cost of smb.’s life
to be famous for smth.
to do the sights of smth.
to do the city
in present days
to be lined with smth.
to preside over meetings
to be given smb.’s approval
to be divided into smth.
to be filled with smth.
to come first among smth.
Environmental problems and ways to solve them.
acid rain – кислотний дощ
air pollution – забруднення повітря / pollutant – речовина, що забруднює / soil pollution – забруднення грунту / thermal pollution – термічне забруднення / water pollution – забруднення води
airborne particles – частки, що переносяться повітрям
alga (pl. algae) – морська водорість
artificial fertilizers – штучне добриво
bacterium (pl. bacteria) – бактерія
to be at risk of extinction – бути під загрозою зникнення
to become extinct – вимирати, зникати
contamination – забруднення
detergent – засіб для миття, прання
to discharge – випускати (дим), виділяти (гній), виливати(ся) (про рідину)
domestic sewage – стічні води
domestic waste – домашнє сміття
efficient light bulbs – економічні лампи
effluent – стік
environmentally conscious – той, хто думає та піклується про навколишнє середовище
environmentally friendly – те, що не завдає шкоди навколишньому середовищу
to make use of the up-to-date purificatory equipment – використовувати сучасне очисне обладнання
fungus (pl. fungi) – грибок, плісень
genetic resources – генетичні ресурси
hazardous – небезпечний, шкідливий
incinerator – сміттєспалювальна піч
landfill sites – звалища сміття
leakage of toxic waste – витік токсичних відходів
level of oxygen dissolved – рівень розчиненого кисню
to impose heavy fines on – накласти на когось штраф
to enforce laws – спостерігати за виконанням законів
to relocate – перенести на інше місто
natural habitat – природне середовище
predator – хижак
to recycle – перероблювати
to set up recycling bins – створити пункти з переробки сміття
a daily rubbish collection – щоденне збирання сміття
to release nutrients – виділяти поживні речовини
renewable energy sources – енергетичне джерело, яке можливо поновити та знов використовувати
a species ( pl. species) – біологічний вид
to upset the balance of nature – порушувати природний баланс
waste – сміття, to waste – забруднювати
Environmental Organisations.
to concern oneself with – займатися чимось
environmentalist – людина, яка займається вивченням стану навколишнього середовища та його охороною
to gain an international recognition – завоювати світове визнання
whaling – мисливство на китів
offshore oil drilling – буріння нафти у відкритих водах
nuclear weapons testing – випробування, тестування ядерної зброї
dumping of radioactive and hazardous wastes – скидання радіоактивних та небезпечних відходів
to use direct and non-violent methods of protest – вживати прямі та ненасильницькі засоби протесту
9.. to have a growing influence on – мати зростаючий вплив на
to be of great weight – мати великий вплив
to fine - штрафувати
to invest in pollution control equipment – вкладати інвестиції в обладнання для контролю забруднення
to fight elections – боротися, змагатися на виборах
to conduct campaigns against – проводити кампанії проти чогось
logging – лісозаготовлення
global warming – глобальне потепління
deforestation – вирубання лісу
hunting – мисливство
endangered animals and plants – тварини та рослини, які знаходяться під загрозою зникнення
to oppose the use – бути проти застосування
to be in possession of – мати у розпорядженні
radiation monitoring – спостереження за рівнем радіації
survey of radioactive contamination – обстеження рівню радіоактивного забруднення
to influence lawmakers – мати вплив на законодавців
to contribute to – сприяти, допомагати
Cinema.
gangster movies – пригодницькі фільми про гангстерів
comedy – комедія
detective movies – детективи
musical – мюзикл
western – вестерн
horror movies – фільми жахів
documentary – документальний фільм
science fiction – науково-популярний фільм
psychodrama – психологічна драма
animated movies – мультиплікаційні фільми
nickelodeon theatre – дешевий кінотеатр або вертеп
to lay the foundation for – започаткувати
to become dominant – почати домінувати
to stand for – означати
to treat themes – інтерпретувати теми
expressionism – експресіонізм (напрям в мистецтві)
to make advance – просувати(ся)
to gain attention – заволодіти увагою / to capture worldwide attention – заволодіти світовою увагою
medium for education and propaganda – засіб для освіти та пропаганди
to put something into practice – втілювати в життя
turning point – поворотний пункт, вирішальний момент
to give new emphasis to – додати новий акцент
to focus on – концентрувати(ся)
neo-realism – неореалізм (напрям в мистецтві)
socially relevant films – фільми, що відповідають соціальним реаліям
to hamper one’s export – перешкоджати експорту
to gain international recognition – завоювати світове визнання
movie attendance – відвідування кінозалів
cinema techniques – кінематографічна техніка, прийоми
to make one’s mark – залишити слід
stunning – вражаючий
large scale historical events – великі історичні події
screen version – екранізація
to modernize – обновлювати, поновлювати
spectacular effect – яскравий ефект
box office champion – чемпіон з касових зборів
accessible – доступний
Secondary education.
to take pains to do smth
to make (no) comment
to feel frustrated
to be angry with smb
a mixture of relief and disappointment
no point in wasting either time or effort
intellectual challenge
to encourage smb
public /preparatory/ compulsory/ pre-school/ primary/ secondary/ higher
full-time education /part-time education
Local Education Authorities
to be responsible for national education policy
to provide maintained school education
to admit, to apply for admission
broad curriculum
foundation subjects, obligatory subjects, optional subjects
to sit for an exam, GCE exam
examining board
to meet special interests
to keep up with the group /to fall behind
corporal punishment
detention(after school)
suspension from school
extra work
Art. Painting.
to be in good (bad) shape
at a great sacrifice to one’s health
to take up art
to avert a disaster
to look at smb appraisingly
a box of water colours/ a tube of oils/ portable easels and ready mixed tubes of paint
life time dream
to become involved in smth
to execute a picture
to exhibit in a show
to be a laughing stock
a mature artist
to be accepted for the show
an inconspicuous place
to blush to the top of one’s ears
to award a prize
impressionism
abstractionism
cubism
surrealism
pointilism.
use light and colour
paint vague shapes with blurred edges
to paint outside / in the open air.
passionate
is seen to advantage
to catch every flickering change of light and flitting moment
to paint from life
to enshrine one’s recollection of
to capture one’s imagination
to have a great impact on
to be represented against
to devise a new pictorial language
to paint the scene in its constant change
to be underestimated
contrasted to the background
a superb colourist
used to perfection
to change the textures
to play with reality turning it topsy-turvy
to combine form and colour into harmonious unity
the colour scheme where … predominate
muted in colour/subtle colouring
People’s character.
to alter manners
to have a fancy for smth
to keep body and soul together
to have not the least notion of smth
a dim recollection
to feel at home
affable
amiable
good-natured / ill-natured
good-humoured
kind-hearted / hard-hearted
communicative, sociable
modest
discreet (indiscreet)
generous
earnest
sincere
composed
self-possessed
merciful
impartial
broad-minded
scrupulous
reserved
hostile
arrogant
dashing
greedy
hypocritical
vulgar
deceitful
obstinate
impertinent
impudent
The Systems of Higher Education in English-speaking Countries and Ukraine
To be nothing more than
To have smb do smth
To tick smth off
To rally one’s thoughts
To adopt an attitude of smth towards smb/smth
To get through
To keep an eye open for smth
To swot up smth=to study
To cram for smth
To mark and grade the papers
To annoy, To be annoyed at/over smth., To be annoyed with, Annoying
To chatter, To chatter like a magpie
To cheer, To cheer for/on, Cheerful
To contest, Contest, Contestant, Contestable
To emerge, Emergency
To go about, To go along, To go at, To go back, To go behind, To go by, To go down, To go down the drain, Go as/so far as, To go into, To go over
Hint, To drop a hint on, To give a person a gentle (broad) hint, To hint
To rattle, To rattle off, To rattle away/on, Rattled
To reduce, To reduce by/to, To reduce someone to tears, Reduction
Prospective student
Freshman, Sophomore, Junior, Senior, Undergraduate, Graduate student
Faculty
President of the University
Exam period/days – reading period/days
Break/recess
A major/ to major
To get/give a grade, Grades A, B, C, D, E
A-student, To graduate with straight A
To take/to give an exam, To retake an exam (a retake)
To flunk a course (to flunk smb)
To drop out (to withdraw), To drop a course
A college work-study job
To butt into
To express the sentiments
To break the news
To discuss the subject at length and in detail
To recite a relevant speech
To be at a loss for words
To leave too much unsaid, unspoken
To get to the point
To get the shock of one’s life
Believe it or not
To burst into tears (burst out laughing/crying)
To be moved to tears
To go berserk
To be scared stiff
To keep cool
To go as white as a sheet
To have one’s hair stood on end
One’s heart misses a bit or two
Not to turn a hair
To die of embarrassment
To be on one’s conscience
As red as a beetroot
To see the funny side of things
Courts and Trials
No matter who/no matter what/no matter how
Nothing but…
Smb’s word against another’s
To get a square deal (a fair deal)
In private and in public
(at) one time or another
In part
Under the circumstances
No better (worse) than
To be reluctant to do smth
(to be) half way (through, down, up…)
Smart, To smarten up
Exchange, In exchange, To get (give) smth in exchange (for smth), To exchange words (blows)
Guilt, A guilt complex, To find fault with smb (smth), To be guilty of (doing) smth, To find smb guilty, (to have) a guilty look (smile, conscience), To look (feel, sound) guilty, To plead not guilty
To have (put, repose) trust in smb (smth), To betray smb’s trust, win smb’s trust, To trust to chance (to luck), To trust to one’s memory, To entrust smb with smth, Trustful, Trustworthy
To be of little (much, no) effect, To be to no effect, To have (produce) an effect on smb, To be in effect, To bring (carry) into effect, To be calculated for effect, Effective, Efficient
To jerk, to twitch
To promote, Promotion
Sound (adj.), As sound as a bell, Safe and sound
To put smth at stake
To look about, To look down on/upon, To look out, One’s own look-out, To look up
Lawsuit
Felony
Misdemeanor
Manslaughter
Homicide
Defendant, offender (first/repeat)
Attorney for the plaintiff, Attorney for defence
Prosecutor, The prosecution/state
To convene
Witness – a credible witness, To examine a witness
To take legal actions
To bring the case to court
The defence
To present evidence (direct, circumstantial, relevant, irrelevant, material, incompetent, irrelevant, admissible, inadmissible, corroborative, irrefutable, presumptive, documentary)
Circumstances (aggravating, circumstantial, extenuating)
To detain a person (detention)
To go before the court
To bring in (to return, to give) a verdict of guilty/not guilty
A jail sentence
A penitentiary term – a term of imprisonment (life imprisonment)
Probation (to be on probation), To grant probation/parole, To place an offender on probation
To impose a sentence on smb
To serve sentences (consecutively, concurrently)
To throw a reasonable doubt on the case
Hard labour/manual labour
Pardon
To suspect (suspect)
To confess
To charge smb with,To indict smb on/for, To accuse smb of
To plea (plea)
To execute (execution)
Capital punishment
Mercy-killing (euthanasia)
In the eyes of the law
Bringing Up
There could not possibly be…
To be a man (a woman) of
To be meant for
To describe with much detail (in great detail)
As a matter of fact
To change the subject
To picture to oneself
To come up to one’s expectation (to meet one’s expectations)
In the first (second, last) place
To be one pace (mile) away from smb, smth
(To look, to come) in one’s direction (in the direction of)
To be inclined to do smth
To be in a tight corner
To claim one’s attention
In comparison with
To be in search of smb, smth
In one’s haste of (doing) smth
To shift the blame on to smb else, To shift one’s ground, Shifty
To elate, Elated, Elation
To concentrate, Concentration
To evade, Evasion, To take evasive action
To confirm, Confirmation, Confirmed
To store, In store, Set much (great, little, small) store by smb, smth, Storehouse
To overlook
To absorb, Absorption
Way, To block the way, To clear the way, To make way, To feel (to grope) one’s way, To give way, To go out of one’s way, Out of the way, To know (see, find out) which way the wind blows, To know one’s way about, All (quite) the other way about (around), (In) one way or another (other, the other), To have a way with smb, In no way, By way of
Affectionate
Gregarious
Getting along (comfortably) with others
Outgoing
Conscientious
Courteous
(un)considerate (thoughtful)
(Helpfully) (un) able to cope with difficulties (problems)
(Dis)obedient (prone to obey)
Neglected
Irritable (annoyed, anxious)
Unruly (misbehaving)
Arrogant (insolent, impudent)
(In)tolerant ((im)patient)
Belligerent
Delinquent
Just
Pampering
Babying
Partial
Permissive
(In)sensible
(Un)wise
Nagging
Bullying
Moralizing
Uncompromising
Music
To be about to do smth
This was the most
To look right (left)
To judge one’s age
To presume to do smth
To regret smth
To question the propriety of smth
To suffer (no) embarrassment
On the contrary
(To do smth) to one’s satisfaction
To bring to a conclusion
To clear one’s throat
To be knowledgeable in (about)
To set someone’s teeth on edge, To set one’s heart (mind, hopes) on, Set (n, adj)
To abandon
To resent, Resentful, Resentment
To suggest, Suggestion
Hand (an old hand, a good hand at smth), At hand, By hand, To give smb a free hand, Hand in glove (with), Hat in hand, To try one’s hand (at), To wash one’s hands of
To clear
Conduct (n), To conduct, Conductor
To compose, Composer, Composition
Abrupt
To ignore, Ignorant
Classical music(instrumental, chamber, vocal, symphony)
(Grand, light, comic) opera
Background music
To arrange
To transcribe
To perform
To improvise
To interpret
To accompany
Harmony
Live concerts
To have perfect pitch
Sense of rhythm
To sing (to play) out of tune