- •The Subject of Theoretical Grammar, its domain: Morphology and Syntax.
- •Classification of English Consonants and Vowels
- •Parts of Speech. Criteria applied in discriminating parts of speech. Different classifications of parts of speech.
- •Articulatoty and Physiological Classification of English Sounds
- •1. The Noun. The category of case. Different approaches to the category of case. The category of number and gender. Nouns.
- •2. Articulatoty and Physiological Aspect of Speech Sounds
- •1. The Verb. The category of tense. The opposition of tense forms.
- •2. Phonetics as a science.
- •2. The peculiarities of the Old English Finite and Non - Finite forms of the verb.
- •1. The problem of the word. Types of morphemes. Principles of morphemic and derivational analysis.
- •1. Semasiology. Different approaches to the study of meaning. The semantic structure of the word.
- •1. English Phraseology. Types of word - groups. Different approaches to the study of phraseological units
- •2. Borrowings and native words.
- •2.Old English system of verbs.
- •2. Old English nominal categories
- •1Noun system of Old English
- •1. Phonetics as a science.
- •1 Classification of English Consonants and Vowels
- •2. Lexicography as the science of compiling dictionaries. Types of dictionaries.
- •1. The definition of Intonation.
- •2. Etymological survey of the English vocabulary. Native words and Borrowings. General classification of borrowings.
- •Stress. Strong and weak forms. Unstressed vocalism
- •1. Territorial varieties of English pronunciation.
- •2. English vocabulary as a system. Non – semantic groupings of words (thematic groups, semantic fields, synonyms, antonyms). Non-Semantic Grouping
- •The problem of Future – in – the Past. Different opinions of the existence of a future tense in English.
- •2. Polysemy and context. Semantic change.
- •Билет №18
- •1. The category of Voice: its definition. The Active and the Passive voice.
- •2. The brunch of lexicology, that is devoted to the study of meaning is known as Semasiology.
- •1.The existence of other voices in Modern English besides active and passive
- •2)Stylistic and Regional varieties of English
- •1 The Category of Mood. The Indicative Mood. The Imperative Mood. The Subjunctive Mood.
- •Imperative [edit]
- •2 Productive and minor ways of word – formation in English
- •1 Productive and minor ways of word – formation in English
- •2The problem of the word. Types of morphemes. Principles of morphemic and derivational analysis.
- •1 Stylistic and Regional varieties of English
- •1 Polysemy and context. Semantic change.
- •2 The Category of Mood. The Indicative Mood. The Imperative Mood. The Subjunctive Mood.
- •Imperative [edit]
- •1. English vocabulary as a system. Non – semantic groupings of words (thematic groups, semantic fields, synonyms, antonyms). Non-Semantic Grouping
- •2. The existence of other voices in Modern English besides active and passive
- •1. Etymological survey of the English vocabulary. Native words and Borrowings. General classification of borrowings.
- •2. 1. The category of Voice: its definition. The Active and the Passive voice.
- •1. Lexicography as the science of compiling dictionaries. Types of dictionaries.
- •2. The problem of Future – in – the Past. Different opinions of the existence of a future tense in English.
- •2. Old English nominal categories
- •1 .Old English system of verbs.
- •2 The Noun. The category of case. Different approaches to the category of case. The category of number and gender. Nouns.
- •1 Borrowings and native words.
- •2 Parts of Speech. Criteria applied in discriminating parts of speech. Different classifications of parts of speech.
- •2.The Subject of Theoretical Grammar, its domain: Morphology and Syntax.
2. Phonetics as a science.
Phonetics (pronounced /fəˈnɛtɪks/, from the Greek: φωνή, phōnē, 'sound, voice') is a branch of linguistics that comprises the study of the sounds of humanspeech, or—in the case of sign languages—the equivalent aspects of sign.[1] It is concerned with the physical properties of speech sounds or signs (phones): their physiological production, acoustic properties, auditory perception, and neurophysiological status. Phonology, on the other hand, is concerned with the abstract, grammatical characterization of systems of sounds or signs.
The field of phonetics is a multiple layered subject of linguistics that focuses on speech. In the case of oral languages there are three basic areas of study:
Articulatory phonetics: the study of the production of speech sounds by the articulatory and vocal tract by the speaker
Acoustic phonetics: the study of the physical transmission of speech sounds from the speaker to the listener
Auditory phonetics: the study of the reception and perception of speech sounds by the listener
These areas are inter-connected through the common mechanism of sound, such as wavelength (pitch), amplitude, and harmonics.
Билет №5
1. Lexicology, its domain and links with other branches of linguistics. The main lexicological proble Lexicology is the part of linguistics which studies words. This may include their nature and function as symbols[1] their meaning, the relationship of their meaning to epistemology in general, and the rules of their composition from smaller elements (morphemes such as the English -ed marker for past or un- for negation; and phonemes as basic sound units). Lexicology also involves relations between words, which may involve semantics (for example, love vs. affection), derivation (for example, fathom vs. unfathomably), usage and sociolinguistic distinctions (for example, flesh vs. meat), and any other issues involved in analyzing the whole lexicon of a language(s).
The term first appeared in the 1820s, though there were lexicologists in essence before the term was coined. Computational lexicology as a related field (in the same way that computational linguistics is related to linguistics) deals with the computational study of dictionaries and their contents.
An allied science to lexicology is lexicography, which also studies words, but primarily in relation with dictionaries – it is actually concerned with the inclusion of words in dictionaries and from that perspective with the whole lexicon. Sometimes lexicography is considered to be a part or a branch of lexicology, but properly speaking, only lexicologists who actually write dictionaries are lexicographers. Some consider this a distinction of theory vs. practice.
2. The peculiarities of the Old English Finite and Non - Finite forms of the verb.
A non-finite verb (sometimes called a verbal) is any of several verb forms that are not finite verbs; that is, they cannot serve as the root of an independent clause. The non-finite verb forms found in English are infinitives, participles and gerunds; additional such forms found in some other languages include gerundives and supines. Non-finite verbs are typically not inflected for tense, and compared with finite verbs usually display less inflection for other grammatical categories as well.[1] They also typically lack a subject dependent. A typical finite clause is based on a single finite verb, but it may in addition contain one or more non-finite verbs, building a verb catena with the finite verb.
Since English lacks inflectional morphology to a large extent, the finite and non-finite forms of a given verb are often identical. In such cases, one has to examine the environment in which the verb appears to know whether it is finite or non-finite.
A finite verb is a form of a verb that has a subject (expressed or implied) and can function as the root of an independent clause;[1] an independent clause can, in turn, stand alone as a completesentence. In many languages, finite verbs are the locus of grammatical information of gender, person, number, tense, aspect, mood, and/or voice.[2] Finite verbs are distinguished from non-finite verbs, such as infinitives, participles, etc., which generally mark these grammatical categories to a lesser degree or not at all, and which appear below the finite verb in the hierarchy of syntactic structure.
Билет №6