- •The Subject of Theoretical Grammar, its domain: Morphology and Syntax.
- •Classification of English Consonants and Vowels
- •Parts of Speech. Criteria applied in discriminating parts of speech. Different classifications of parts of speech.
- •Articulatoty and Physiological Classification of English Sounds
- •1. The Noun. The category of case. Different approaches to the category of case. The category of number and gender. Nouns.
- •2. Articulatoty and Physiological Aspect of Speech Sounds
- •1. The Verb. The category of tense. The opposition of tense forms.
- •2. Phonetics as a science.
- •2. The peculiarities of the Old English Finite and Non - Finite forms of the verb.
- •1. The problem of the word. Types of morphemes. Principles of morphemic and derivational analysis.
- •1. Semasiology. Different approaches to the study of meaning. The semantic structure of the word.
- •1. English Phraseology. Types of word - groups. Different approaches to the study of phraseological units
- •2. Borrowings and native words.
- •2.Old English system of verbs.
- •2. Old English nominal categories
- •1Noun system of Old English
- •1. Phonetics as a science.
- •1 Classification of English Consonants and Vowels
- •2. Lexicography as the science of compiling dictionaries. Types of dictionaries.
- •1. The definition of Intonation.
- •2. Etymological survey of the English vocabulary. Native words and Borrowings. General classification of borrowings.
- •Stress. Strong and weak forms. Unstressed vocalism
- •1. Territorial varieties of English pronunciation.
- •2. English vocabulary as a system. Non – semantic groupings of words (thematic groups, semantic fields, synonyms, antonyms). Non-Semantic Grouping
- •The problem of Future – in – the Past. Different opinions of the existence of a future tense in English.
- •2. Polysemy and context. Semantic change.
- •Билет №18
- •1. The category of Voice: its definition. The Active and the Passive voice.
- •2. The brunch of lexicology, that is devoted to the study of meaning is known as Semasiology.
- •1.The existence of other voices in Modern English besides active and passive
- •2)Stylistic and Regional varieties of English
- •1 The Category of Mood. The Indicative Mood. The Imperative Mood. The Subjunctive Mood.
- •Imperative [edit]
- •2 Productive and minor ways of word – formation in English
- •1 Productive and minor ways of word – formation in English
- •2The problem of the word. Types of morphemes. Principles of morphemic and derivational analysis.
- •1 Stylistic and Regional varieties of English
- •1 Polysemy and context. Semantic change.
- •2 The Category of Mood. The Indicative Mood. The Imperative Mood. The Subjunctive Mood.
- •Imperative [edit]
- •1. English vocabulary as a system. Non – semantic groupings of words (thematic groups, semantic fields, synonyms, antonyms). Non-Semantic Grouping
- •2. The existence of other voices in Modern English besides active and passive
- •1. Etymological survey of the English vocabulary. Native words and Borrowings. General classification of borrowings.
- •2. 1. The category of Voice: its definition. The Active and the Passive voice.
- •1. Lexicography as the science of compiling dictionaries. Types of dictionaries.
- •2. The problem of Future – in – the Past. Different opinions of the existence of a future tense in English.
- •2. Old English nominal categories
- •1 .Old English system of verbs.
- •2 The Noun. The category of case. Different approaches to the category of case. The category of number and gender. Nouns.
- •1 Borrowings and native words.
- •2 Parts of Speech. Criteria applied in discriminating parts of speech. Different classifications of parts of speech.
- •2.The Subject of Theoretical Grammar, its domain: Morphology and Syntax.
Imperative [edit]
Main article: Imperative mood
The imperative mood expresses direct commands, prohibitions, and requests. In many circumstances, using the imperative mood may sound blunt or even rude, so it is often used with care. Example: "Paul, do your homework now". An imperative is used to tell someone to do something without argument.
Many languages, including English, use the bare verb stem to form the imperative (such as "go", "run", "do"). Other languages, such as Seri and Latin, however, use special imperative forms.
In English, the second person is implied by the imperative except when first-person plural is specified, as in "Let's go" ("Let us go").
The prohibitive mood, the negative imperative may be grammatically or morphologically different from the imperative mood in some languages. It indicates that the action of the verb is not permitted, e.g. "Don't you go!"
In English, the imperative is sometimes used to form a conditional sentence: e.g. "go eastwards a mile, and you'll see it" means "if you go eastwards a mile, you will see it".
Subjunctive [edit]
Main article: Subjunctive mood
The subjunctive mood, sometimes called conjunctive mood, has several uses in dependent clauses. Examples include discussing imaginary or hypothetical events and situations, expressing opinions or emotions, or making polite requests (the exact scope is language-specific). A subjunctive mood exists in English, though it is used in English much less than in many other Indo-European languages. In English, this mood has, for some uses, become something of a linguistic fossil. An example of the subjunctive mood is "I suggest that Paul eat an apple". In this instance, Paul is not in fact eating an apple. The sentence merely presents the hypothetical (but unfulfilled) actions of Paul according to the speaker's suggestion. Contrast this with the indicative verb of the sentence "Paul eats an apple", in which the verb "to eat" is in the present tense and employs a mood that states an unambiguous fact. Another way of expressing the request is "I suggest that Paul should eat an apple", derived from "Paul should eat an apple."
Other uses of the subjunctive in English, as in "And if he be not able to bring a lamb, then he shall bring for his trespass..." (KJV Leviticus 5:7) are archaisms. Statements such as "I will ensure that he leave immediately" often sound archaic or overly formal, and have been almost completely supplanted by constructions with the indicative, like "I will ensure that he leaves immediately".
The subjunctive part of the conditional version of "John eats if he is hungry" is:
English: John would eat if he were hungry.
German: Johannes äße, wenn er Hunger hätte.
Spanish: Juan comería si tuviera hambre.
Italian: Giovanni mangerebbe se avesse fame.
The subjunctive mood figures prominently in the grammar of the Romance languages, which require this mood for certain types of dependent clauses. This point commonly causes difficulty for English speakers learning these languages.
In certain other languages, the dubitative or the conditional moods may be employed instead of the subjunctive in referring to doubtful or unlikely events (see the main article).
Билет№24