- •The Subject of Theoretical Grammar, its domain: Morphology and Syntax.
- •Classification of English Consonants and Vowels
- •Parts of Speech. Criteria applied in discriminating parts of speech. Different classifications of parts of speech.
- •Articulatoty and Physiological Classification of English Sounds
- •1. The Noun. The category of case. Different approaches to the category of case. The category of number and gender. Nouns.
- •2. Articulatoty and Physiological Aspect of Speech Sounds
- •1. The Verb. The category of tense. The opposition of tense forms.
- •2. Phonetics as a science.
- •2. The peculiarities of the Old English Finite and Non - Finite forms of the verb.
- •1. The problem of the word. Types of morphemes. Principles of morphemic and derivational analysis.
- •1. Semasiology. Different approaches to the study of meaning. The semantic structure of the word.
- •1. English Phraseology. Types of word - groups. Different approaches to the study of phraseological units
- •2. Borrowings and native words.
- •2.Old English system of verbs.
- •2. Old English nominal categories
- •1Noun system of Old English
- •1. Phonetics as a science.
- •1 Classification of English Consonants and Vowels
- •2. Lexicography as the science of compiling dictionaries. Types of dictionaries.
- •1. The definition of Intonation.
- •2. Etymological survey of the English vocabulary. Native words and Borrowings. General classification of borrowings.
- •Stress. Strong and weak forms. Unstressed vocalism
- •1. Territorial varieties of English pronunciation.
- •2. English vocabulary as a system. Non – semantic groupings of words (thematic groups, semantic fields, synonyms, antonyms). Non-Semantic Grouping
- •The problem of Future – in – the Past. Different opinions of the existence of a future tense in English.
- •2. Polysemy and context. Semantic change.
- •Билет №18
- •1. The category of Voice: its definition. The Active and the Passive voice.
- •2. The brunch of lexicology, that is devoted to the study of meaning is known as Semasiology.
- •1.The existence of other voices in Modern English besides active and passive
- •2)Stylistic and Regional varieties of English
- •1 The Category of Mood. The Indicative Mood. The Imperative Mood. The Subjunctive Mood.
- •Imperative [edit]
- •2 Productive and minor ways of word – formation in English
- •1 Productive and minor ways of word – formation in English
- •2The problem of the word. Types of morphemes. Principles of morphemic and derivational analysis.
- •1 Stylistic and Regional varieties of English
- •1 Polysemy and context. Semantic change.
- •2 The Category of Mood. The Indicative Mood. The Imperative Mood. The Subjunctive Mood.
- •Imperative [edit]
- •1. English vocabulary as a system. Non – semantic groupings of words (thematic groups, semantic fields, synonyms, antonyms). Non-Semantic Grouping
- •2. The existence of other voices in Modern English besides active and passive
- •1. Etymological survey of the English vocabulary. Native words and Borrowings. General classification of borrowings.
- •2. 1. The category of Voice: its definition. The Active and the Passive voice.
- •1. Lexicography as the science of compiling dictionaries. Types of dictionaries.
- •2. The problem of Future – in – the Past. Different opinions of the existence of a future tense in English.
- •2. Old English nominal categories
- •1 .Old English system of verbs.
- •2 The Noun. The category of case. Different approaches to the category of case. The category of number and gender. Nouns.
- •1 Borrowings and native words.
- •2 Parts of Speech. Criteria applied in discriminating parts of speech. Different classifications of parts of speech.
- •2.The Subject of Theoretical Grammar, its domain: Morphology and Syntax.
1. The definition of Intonation.
In linguistics, intonation is variation of spoken pitch that is not used to distinguish words; instead it is used for a range of functions such as indicating the attitudes and emotions of the speaker, signalling the difference between statement and question, and between different types of question, focussing attention on important elements of the spoken message and also helping to regulate conversational interaction. It contrasts with tone, in which pitch variation in some languages does distinguish words, either lexically or grammatically. (The term tone is used by some British writers in their descriptions of intonation, but this is to refer to the pitch movement found on the nucleus or tonic syllable in an intonation unit - see Intonation in English: British Analyses of English Intonation, below).
Although intonation is primarily a matter of pitch variation, it is important to be aware that functions attributed to intonation such as the expression of attitudes and emotions, or highlighting aspects of grammatical structure, almost always involve concomitant variation in other prosodic features. Crystal[1] for example says that "...intonation is not a single system of contours and levels, but the product of the interaction of features from different prosodic systems - tone, pitch-range,loudness, rhythmicality and tempo in particular."
2. Etymological survey of the English vocabulary. Native words and Borrowings. General classification of borrowings.
Native Etymologically the vocabulary of the English language is far from being homogenous. It consists of two layers - the native stock of words and the borrowed stock of words In fact native words comprise only 30% of the total number of words in the English vocabulary. The native words have a wider range of lexical and grammatical valency, they are highly polysemantic and productive in forming word clusters and set expressions.
Borrowings-the term is used to denote the process of adopting words from other languages and also the result of this process. Borrowed words or loanwords are words taken from another language and modified according to the patterns of the receiving language. In many cases a borrowed word especially one borrowed long ago is practically indistinguishable from a native word without a thorough etymological analysis.
Source of borrowings. - is appliede to the lang from which particular words were taken into Engl. Original borrowings. - the term is applied to the language the word may be traced to. Assimilation - the process of the changing of the adopted words. A. of thr borrowings includes changes in: sound form; morphological strct; grammar charact-s; usage.
Completely assimilated borrowings - are the words which have undergone all types of Assimilation. They are active in word formation. Partially assim-d b. - the words which lack one of the types of A. They are subdivided into: borrow. not ass-d grammatically (nouns borrowed from Latin or Greek); borrow. not ass-d phonetically (contain peculiarities in stress, not standard for English); barbarisms - words from other lang. , used by English people in conversations or writing, but not assimilated in any way.
Why are words borrowed? Wars, conquests; trade, international and cultural relations; to fill the gap in vocabulary; words, which express some particular notion; enrichment of word groups (syn., ant…).
Билет №15