Joshua Miller. Problems With Alternative Energy . Интернет –ресурс: http://www.Ehow.Com/about_4828400_problems-alternative-energy.Html
Jason Chavis. Impacts of Using Alternative Energy. Интернет –ресурс: http://www.Ehow.Com/about_4780695_impacts-using-alternative-energy.Html
http://alternativenergy.ru/energiya/428-problemy-alternativnoy-energetiki.html
John Newton. Current Energy Sources and Their Problems. Интернет –ресурс: http://www.Ehow.Com/facts_7363888_current-energy-sources-problems.Html
УДК 174=111
SECRETS OF BUSINESS ETIQUETTE
Busilkova K.O., faculty of Economics and business, master student, group 11, accounting
Zhukova T.V., English language advisor
The essence of business communication is considered, the tips how to succeed in business communication are formulated. The influence of cultural differences on achievements in conducting business abroad is substantiated. The backgrounds of successful business lunch with foreigners are exposed.
У статті розглянуто сутність ділового спілкування; сформульовано основні передумови успіху ділового спілкування; обґрунтовано вплив культурних різноманітностей на ведення переговорів із закордонними партнерами; надано основні поради, яких слід дотримуватись під час бізнес-ланчу.
The 21st century we live in can be generally identified with three general terms: the time of information, the time of globalization, the time of business… Due to these items, people from various cultures and countries are increasing to conduct business with each other. Our global economy is cram-full with various goods and services which we are desperately trying to sell to each other. How can one score a success in this crazy world? The answer is quite simple: we just have to learn how to understand each other. There are some communication secrets which will help one to do this successfully.
On the one hand the experts recommend us to ask the right questions. Part of selling your services is being able to understand the client’s unique needs. One can do this only by asking questions that get to the heart of the challenges they are facing.
On the other hand one should pause and listen to his partner. When we have several topics to tackle, rushing through them to get all of the ideas out may be tempting. But this causes confusion and makes the client feel that their input is not important. One should slow down, and remember that communication is a two-way street.
The last but not the list tip deals with confident communication. The right way to support one’s confidence is to use body language. One should shake hands firmly, smile and make eye contact while communicating at live networking events. Don’t forget to bring business cards to hand out to everyone you meet, and remember to relax and just to be yourself.
Moreover to this points while conducting business abroad we have to keep in mind cultural peculiarities, customs and traditions of the country we deal with.
Travelling to all corners of the world gets easier and easier. We live in a global village, but this doesn't mean that we all behave in the same way. Here is a simple test. To understand what it is speaking about imagine you have a meeting with your foreign partner at four o’clock. What time should you expect your business colleagues to arrive? If they are German, they will be bang on time. If they are American, they will probably be 15 minutes early. If they are British, they will be 15 minutes late, and you should allow up to an hour for the Italians [1, 40].
When the process of globalization began to gather pace, several guidebooks appeared giving advice on international etiquette. At first many of us used to think that it was a joke. We all have two arms and two legs, furthermore we all are intelligent, so it may not be any problems in the point of communication. It is necessary to mention, that British are continuing to take the view, that the widespread understanding of their language means a corresponding understanding of English customs. So the first step due to success is to change these ideas and finally to realize that, we have a lot to learn about how to behave with our foreign business friends.
In the world of business, communication is imperative for the successful execution of daily operations. Understanding cultural differences and overcoming language barriers are some of the considerations people should have when dealing with business with people of various cultures. Often business deals are lost because the parties involved did not take the time to learn about their each others' cultures prior to interacting [2, 51].
“When in Rome, do as the Romans do”, - says the well known proverb. Let’s try to find out some fundamental points of business communication in different countries. It will be appropriate to start with greeting.
From little up all of us know the greeting words and probably can translate them into different languages. But is it enough to greet our foreign colleagues? What else should we know not to get into a jam? An American or Canadian will shake your hand firmly while looking straight in your eyes. In many parts of Asia, there is no physical contact at all. In Thailand and Japan the greeting is made by pressing both hands together at the chest, as if you are praying, and bowing your head slightly. In both countries eye contact is avoided as a sign of respect [1, 40].
An important step in doing business is introduction of oneself. In most countries the essential for this is an exchange of business cards, in which one should include his or her company name and position. If you are going to a country where your language is not widely spoken, you can get the reverse side of your card printed in the local language. Keep in mind, that in Japan you must present your card with both hands, with the writing facing the person you are giving it to.
Half the battle in doing business is choosing the right time. In many countries business hours are from 9.00 or 10.00 to 17.00 or 18.00. However in some countries, such as Greece, Italy, and Spain, some businesses close in the early afternoon for a couple of hours and then remain open until the late evening.
Japanese business people consider it their professional duty to go out after work with colleagues to restaurants, bars, or nightclubs. If you are invited, you shouldn't refuse, even if you don't feel like staying out late [3, 27].
In many countries you will probably do your business while eating. There are some tips that will crown your business lunch with success.
In many Asian cultures, it is acceptable to smack one’s lips while eating. It means that the food is good.
In France, one shouldn't sit down in a cafe until he or she has shaken hands with everyone they know.
In India and the Middle East, the left hand must not be used for greeting, eating or drinking.
In China, the host will keep refilling one’s dish unless he or she lay the chopsticks across the bowl.
Most South Americans and Mexicans like to stand very close to the person they are talking to. One shouldn't back away.
In Ireland, social events sometimes end with singing and dancing. One may be asked to sing.
In America, one should eat his or her hamburger with both hands and as quickly as possible. A conversation will not begin until it is eaten [1, 41].
Of course these are only some basic points of business communication. However while there is no short and easy way to learn about a given culture in any depth, these general principles will lead to success in conducting business with people of backgrounds unlike our own.
References.
Liz Soars and John Soars. 2009. New Headway. English Course, 4th ed. Oxford University Press.
Lewis, Richard D. 2005. When Cultures Collide: Leading Across Cultures, 3rd ed.. London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing.
Chaney, Lillian. 2005. Intercultural Business Communication, 4th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
УДК 378.147.88
LES STAGES DE PRODUCTION ÉTRANGERS POUR LES ÉTUDIANTS DES UNIVERSITÉS AGRAIRES
Chevtchenko Olga Oleksandrivna, gr.35, faculté mécano-technologique
Vynogradova M. S., maître-assistant de la chaire des langues étrangères
Dans l’article on fait l’analyse de l’expérience du développement général professionnel des étudiants des universités agraires qui est accordée par les partenaires étrangers selon les programmes d’échanges. Les pratiques en France permettent aux stagiaires de mieux répondre aux attentes des entreprises, par une meilleure connaissance de la langue et de la culture d’entreprise française.
У статті проаналізовано досвід загального професійного розвитку студентів аграрних університетів, скоординований іноземними партнерами згідно програм обміну. Стажування у Франції дозволяє практикантам покращити знання мови та культури французького підприємства та відповідати професійним вимогам підприємств.
L'Ukraine est un pays agraire. Cette branche joue un rôle très important non seulement dans l'économie de l'Ukraine, mais aussi dans l'économie de la plupart des pays du monde. De son développement dépendent les niveaux, probablement, de toutes les sphères de l'activité humaine. Notre pays a un bon potentiel des ressources naturelles pour le développement de l'agriculture dans tous les domaines agraires. Mais, malheureusement, à présent l'état de cette branche se trouve au niveau insuffisant pour être compétitif .
Comment changer une telle situation ? Certes, ce n'est pas si simple. Cela demandera beaucoup de forces physiques, intellectuelles et du temps. Mais nul bien sans peine. Il faut faire les efforts pour atteindre le but. Avant tout, le développement de l'agriculture dépend de la présence des effectifs qualifiés, des spécialistes, qui peuvent moderniser et perfectionner les technologies. Des gens, qui ont l'expérience dans la sphère donnée, connaissent comment on peut faire ça. Pour recevoir de tels cadres il est nécessaire d'avoir le système stable et productif de la formation. C'est-à-dire, l'enseignement dans les établissements d'enseignement supérieur doit être effectif, les enseignants doivent très bien mettre en pratique les connaissances théoriques. C’est notamment de telle façon, qu’on peut recevoir pratiquement l'expérience nécessaire. Il vaut encore mieux, quand on peut recevoir les savoir-faire dans le domaine de différentes nouvelles technologies d’autres pays. Ce n’est pas seulement intéressant, mais aussi utile pour le développement général professionnel. Notamment, une telle expérience est accordée aux étudiants par les partenaires étrangers.
L'université d'État agrotechnologique de Tavria offre aux étudiants la possibilité de participer aux stages pratiques étrangers dans le monde entier: les États-Unis, la France, Danemark, la Suisse, la Suède, l'Allemagne, l'Australie et d'autres pays. Moi, j'avais de la chance de participer à un tel stage pratique agricole en 2011. Pendant deux mois, d'août au septembre, j’ai travaillé dans une ferme agricole en France selon le programme de la FEFU qui propose aux étudiants des stages agricoles de différents niveaux dans les exploitations françaises agricoles. Pour n'importe quel étudiant de tels stages sont l'expérience inappréciable. Le stagiaire peut y aller pour la période de deux à six mois. Les étudiants peuvent travailler avec les animaux, avec les céréales, avec la technique agricole, dans le garage, dans les hôtels, à la banque, dans le magasin, sur les vignobles, dans les fermes, dans les usines et les entreprises agraires. Cela leur permet d’acquérir la base solide en langue française, de vivre une expérience professionnelle significative à l’étranger, travailler dans les productions végétales, animales ; filières viticoles, agroalimentaires. Ainsi, ils reçoivent non seulement l'expérience étrangère selon leur spécialité, mais aussi améliorent beaucoup leurs compétences linguistiques. L’étudiant qui a le désir et la motivation peut passer une telle pratique de production. Il faut préparer pour cela les documents nécessaires et passer l'entretien en français. Même ceux qui ne maîtrisent pas la langue française, peuvent finir les cours linguistiques et soutenir l'entretien avec succès.
Les stages étrangers donnent aussi la possibilité de suivre la formation diplômante complémentaire à l'étranger. Les promus de l'université d'état agrotechnologique de Tavria, ayant reçu le diplôme de bachelier, de spécialiste ou de master, peuvent poursuivre l'enseignement en France et recevoir le diplôme d'études supérieures reconnu au niveau international. L’étudiant qui est motivé pour la formation postdiplôme peut passer la sélection par le concours. L’ESA d’Angers, par exemple, avec laquelle l’université a l’accord de coopération, propose aux étudiants ukrainiens d’obtenir le diplôme de Master of Science et de recevoir une bonne connaissance de la culture d’entreprise en France pour travailler ensuite en Ukraine pour une entreprise française ou en relation avec les entreprises françaises.
On peut conclure, que les stages pratiques étrangers aident les jeunes diplômés non seulement à améliorer les connaissances de la langue, faire connaissance avec la culture du pays, élargir et développer les compétences professionnelles, mais aussi à jeter la base solide de la future réussite pour valoriser ensuite leurs atouts dans leur pays.
Références.
http://jobs-stages.letudiant.fr/stages-etudiants/offres/domaine-agriculture-agro-environnement-16.html
http://www.studyrama.com/international/stages-a-l-etranger
http://www.univ-avignon.fr/fr/international/stages-a-letranger.html
http://expat.org/stage-a-letranger/index.html
http://vip-stage.com/etranger/tous_stages.php
УДК 621.311.245=111
THE PROS AND CONS OF SMALL-SCALE WIND ENERGY
Chipigin A., student of group 12, Faculty of Power Engineering Polovinko O. V., English language adviser
The article deals with the advantages and disadvantages of small-scale wind energy. The most significant downsides of small wind systems are introduced. As well as benefits of residential wind turbines and their energy source, the wind, are covered.
Today, more than ever before, our society is seeking ways to live more conscientiously. A lot of people all over the world are leading the way to a greener, more sustainable lifestyles. Using clean renewable energy resources, among them solar energy, biomass, wind energy, geothermal energy, tidal energy, wave energy and ocean currents seems to be one of the way to live in harmony with nature.
Today, wind-generated electricity is the fastest growing source of energy in the world. Wind is a seemingly ideal fuel source that could ease many of the world’s most pressing problems. Like all energy sources, small wind power has its advantages and disadvantages.
The objective of the research is to outline the pros and cons of small-scale wind energy.
Small wind’s disadvantages are few and often too exaggerated problems. They include wind’s variability, bird mortality, unwanted sound, site specific and interference with radio and televisions signals.
Variability and reliability of the wind
Perhaps the most significant “problem” with small wind is that the wind does not blow 100 percent of the time in most locations. Wind is a variable resource, to be sure. It’s not available 24 hours a day like coal or oil. In fact, a wind turbine may operate for four days in a row, producing a significant amount of electricity, then sit idle for two days — or a week. Wind resources vary seasonally, too.
Wind’s variable nature can be managed to our benefit by installing batteries to store surplus electricity in off-grid systems. The stored electricity can power a home or office when the winds fail to blow. Surplus electricity can also be stored on the electrical grid in many systems. Thus, when a wind-electric system is producing more power than a home or business is using, the excess is fed onto the grid. In times of shortfall, electricity is drawn from the grid.
Bird mortality
Another problem with wind power is bird mortality.
Unfortunately, this issue has been blown way out of proportion. Although a bird may occasionally die in the spinning blades of a residential wind machine, this is an extremely rare event. The only documented bird mortality of any significance occurs at large commercial-scale wind turbines — but even then, the number of deaths is relatively small in comparison to other lethal forces, among them domestic cats, automobiles, windows in buildings, and communication towers.
Unwanted sound
Opponents of wind energy and sometimes voice concerns about unwanted sound, from residential wind machines.
Sound is produced primarily by the spinning blades and alternators. The faster a turbine spins, the more sound it produces.
Site specific
Yet another criticism of small wind is that it is more site specific.
This means if you live in a windy area hills and valleys or stands of trees can dramatically reduce the amount of wind that blows across a piece of property. Therefore, even if you live in an area with sufficient winds, you may be unable to tap into the wind’s energy because of topography or nearby forests or stands of tall trees. That’s what critics mean when they say that wind energy is more site specific than solar.
Interference with telecommunications
Some opponents of wind energy raise the issue of interference with telecommunications signals. This is simply not a problem. Turbines for homes and small businesses have small blades that do not interfere with such signals. Moreover, the blades of modern wind turbines are made out of materials that are “transparent” to telecommunications signals.
Although residential wind turbines and their energy source, the wind, have a few downsides, wind energy is an abundant and renewable resource. We won’t run out of wind for the foreseeable future, unlike oil and natural gas. Small-scale wind energy could also help decrease our reliance on declining and costly supplies of oil. Wind could even eventually reduce our dependence on nuclear power as well. In the Ukraine, nuclear power plants generate about 26 percent of the nation’s electricity. Although wind energy does have its impacts, it is a relatively benign technology compared to conventional sources of electricity. It could help all countries create cleaner and safer energy. Wind energy can help nations reduce global warming and devastating changes in our climate. Wind can also help homeowners and businesses do their part in solving other costly environmental problems such as acid rain.
Another benefit of wind energy is that, unlike oil, coal and nuclear energy, the wind is not owned by major energy companies or controlled by foreign nations. An increasing reliance on wind energy could therefore ease international political tension.
Wind is also a free resource. The cost of wind is not subject to price increases. A wind- and solar-powered future might be one subject to less inflation.
Yet another advantage of wind-generated electricity is that it uses existing infrastructure, the electrical grid, and existing technologies.
The conclusion can be made that a transition to wind energy could occur fairly seamlessly. Wind energy is clearly on the rise and could become a major source of electricity in the future because wind is widely available and often abundant in many parts of the world. Significant resources are found on every continent. And our country provides excellent base for the development of wind power systems. There are vast areas of shallow water area (more than 60 thousand km sq.) where high wind potential (more than 6 m/s) is found and these areas aren’t engaged in economic sectors.
References. 1. Chiras Dan. Wind Power Basics. – Canada: New Society Publishers, 2010.– 180 p.
2. http://www.uwea.com.ua/summary WWEA small wind world report 2012.php
УДК 65.012.2.003.13=111
The importance of effective planning
Chumak I.O., post-graduate student, “Economics and Business” department.
Karaieva T.V. English language advisor, Candidate of Pedagogical Sc., associate professor.
The importance of effective planning for each person has been considered in the article. Certain laws, methods and principles of planning facilitating successful activities have been given.
Each person tries his best in the course of life to reach success. It does not matter who he really is: a businessman, an entrepreneur or an office clerk. This wish resides in him by nature. Moreover, everyone should make progress in the chosen sphere – whether it is job, family, career or business. As the role he plays in life is his human mission.
One of the important qualities for success is effective planning, notably clear-cut agenda making up, sequence ordering as well as defining the strategy using the knowledge obtained in business operations [1, p. 95]. Besides, the strategies and means, being used nowadays to achieve success at any business level as well as in any life activity, become more and more widely available and being multiplied more quickly than whenever in the course of human history. Everybody can use them trying to understand and introduce into his own life [2, p. 8].
The problems of effective planning as well as rules, principles, methods and regularities working out were in the attention focus of Bodo Shefer, Brian Tracy, John Maxwell, Dale Carnegie, Vladimir Dovgan’, Robert Kiyosaki and others.
It is also worth of mentioning that the cleverest people are those who spend their time uppermost for working out the rules of success in any activity before getting results. They do “the home task” in advance. There is the life rule “10 per 90” according to which the first 10 % of the time being spent for laws, principles, rules, methods and means working out, that are the basis for successful activities at any sphere, will save you 90 % of your time and efforts needed for reaching your goals in this sphere [3, p. 7].
Every minute that you spend for planning your goals, your activities, and your time saves ten minutes of work for realization of these plans. Therefore, careful planning in advance gives you tenfold return or, in other words, 1,000 percent to your investment of mental, emotional, and physical energy.
It takes only about 10-12 minutes for you to make up a plan for your day. This time investment of 10-12 minutes will save you 100-120 minutes you can spend for realization of your plan. It is obvious, that you have in this case the increasing in productive time of approximately two hours per day or 25 percent increase in productivity and performance in return on equity from the first day when you begin planning your day in advance [3, p. 198].
Start with a master list as the foundation of your time planning system. Write down everything that you can think of what you will need to do in near future. Plan each month in advance by transferring the appropriate items from your master list to your monthly list. It is more appropriate to do it the last week of each month. Plan each week in advance by transferring items from your monthly list to your weekly list. The previous weekend is the most suitable for doing so.
Plan each day in advance by transferring items from your weekly list to your daily list and then by adding something that needs to be done this very day. For this purpose you’d better take the advantage of spending the previous night for this work. Plan every project, meeting, and goal in details, before you begin. The very act of planning forces you to think better and more accurately about everything you do [3, p. 199]. Regular planning assures that you spend more time on activities being of higher value. This increases your effectiveness and your efficiency in everything you do.
Taking into account the information given above as for effectiveness of any activity you are going to realize in life and the role the planning process plays in it, it should be concluded that the rule “Think on paper” has to become the most important one for you. Always follow the recommendations to:
work according to your list;
write down your tasks and activities before you start;
use this list as your blueprint.
Because careful planning your own tasks enables to reach targets set in much shorter time and more effectively!
References.
1. Евангелизация. – Харьков: «СИМ», 2013. – 204 с.
2. Бизнес-планирование: учебник; Региональный финансово-экономи-ческий инс-т. – Курск, 2009. – 387 с. [Электронный ресурс] – Режим доступа: http://lib2.rfei.ru/xfiles/234
3. The 100 Absolutely Unbreakable Laws of Business Success: Edited by Brian Tracy. – San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc, 2002. – 336 p.
УДК 338.439.5:664.848
SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT: GROWING MUSHROOMS
Filina Margarita, faculty of economics and business, group 11 MB MK
Polikarpova Yu.O., Cand. Phil. Sc., Assoc. Prof.
The article considers the potential of mushroom cultivation in Ukraine. Its main benefits for small businesses and, local community are demonstrated. Some strategies for successful and sustainable mushroom trade are suggested.
У статті розглянуто потенціал розвитку бізнесу, пов’язаного з вирощуванням грибів, в Україні. Продемонстровано його основні переваги як для малого бізнесу, так і для міських громад. Запропоновано деякі стратегії для успішної реалізації грибів.
Relevance of the research. Mushroom cultivation in the world is becoming more popular. The leader is China where over 8 mln ton of mushrooms are grown every year. In the USA this figure is about 410,000 tons, in Poland – 350,000 tons, in France – 240,000 tonns, in Holland – 220,000, etc. According to the latest data in Ukraine only 45,000 tons of mushrooms are grown every year. Moreover, mushroom consumption in the developed counties is about 4 kg a year per capita, in Ukraine it's not more than 0,5-0,7 kg. This means that there is a good market for mushrooms in our country which has to be supplied with good quality mushrooms.
The objective of this research is to outline opportunities of small business development by means of growing mushrooms
As a result of our research it was the following advantages of cultivating mushrooms have been determined:
requires minimal physical and financial inputs and resources;
can be operated in rural and urban areas without land use;
provides additional employment and income for people;
can be cultivated on both a small and large scale;
can be cultivated on a part-time basis;
requires little maintenance;
work isn't hard and can be done by older people, women, people in poor health or with physical and mental disabilities;
highly productive and fast yielding;
mushroom substrate can be prepared from any clean agricultural waste material, and mushrooms can be produced in temporary clean shelters investment;
mushrooms can be sold fresh, pickled, frozen or dried, etc.
Moreover, mushroom cultivation is very beneficial for the local community and can help in the following:
reducing vulnerability to poverty and shocks;
strengthening livelihoods (nutritious source of food and a reliable source of income);
improving the sustainability of small farming systems (recycling of organic matter, which can be used as a growing substrate, and then returned to the land as fertilizer);
generating additional employment and income through local, regional and national trade;
offering opportunities for processing enterprises;
guaranteeing food security and consumption of healthy food, etc.
Strategies for successful and sustainable mushroom trade should include:
Analyze market demand to correlate volume and prices.
Explore various marketing options for fresh mushrooms (selling directly to local customers, local traders, markets, intermediaries, regional wholesalers, local restaurants, shops or farmer cooperatives, etc.).
Diversify the variety of mushrooms cultivated.
Add value and increase the shelf-life of the mushrooms by creating processed products (including dried or pickled mushrooms, sauces, teas, extracts, etc.).
Co-operate with other producers to share knowledge and experiences.
Reduce initial capital investment by recycling pieces of equipment and sourcing locally, and sharing costs through informal or formal groupings.
Identify existing markets and trading routes, and identify any niches to be filled (for example, organic mushrooms, fair trade or cooperative produce).
Establish a good relationship with a buyer by delivering a reliable quality and quantity of products.
Carefully manage the method of storage and presentation of mushrooms at the point of sale.
Label your products as ‘fresh’ and ‘grown under controlled conditions’ (only if it is true).
Take into account that successful marketing strategies differ according to region, transport infrastructure, market accessibility and consumer preferences.
Conclusion. Mushroom cultivation can directly improve livelihoods through economic, nutritional and medicinal contributions.
References.
Marshall E., Nair N. Make money by growing mushrooms. – Rome: FAO, 2009. – 64 p.
Beetz A., Kustudia M. Mushroom cultivation and marketing. – California: NCAT, 2010. – 24 p.
УДК 621.3.05: 811.112.2
OPTIMIERUNGSMITTEL DER ENERGIEVERSORGUNG IN ÜBERLANDFREILEITUNGEN
Filipischen M. W. Gruppe 21 EES AIK
Sajzewa N.W., Leiterin in Deutsch
У статті представлено пропозиції щодо оптимізації енергопостачання у зовнішніх електропровіднях на шляху від джерела струму до кінцевого споживача.
Die Geschichte der Elektrifizierung beginnt Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts. Im Jahre 1927 wurde der Bau von Dneproges begonnen, 1932 wurde das Kraftwerk in Betrieb gesetzt. Das 1967 gilt als Beendigung der Elektrifizierung der Ukrainischen Sowjetrepublik. Seit jener Zeit entwickelte sich der Bereich sehr rapid. Trotzdem ist die Frage der Energieversorgungsoptimierung heute wie vorher aktuell. Die Möglichkeiten sind vielfältiger geworden.
Die Leistungsfähigkeit der modernen Industrie hängt in vieler Hinsicht vom sicheren und optimalen Funktionieren des Energieversorgungsystems. Elektroenergie macht in einem modernen Betrieb den wesentlichen Teil aller verwendeten Brennstoffen und energetischen Ressourcen aus. Unrationelle Benutzung der Elektroenergie führt nicht nur zum wesentlichen Anstieg der Betriebskosten, sondern verursacht auch Verkürzung der wirtschaftlichen Nutzungsdauer der Anlagen, Maschinen und Ausstattung. Es ist möglich durch komplette Analyse des konkreten Energieversorgungssystems das Arbeitsregime der Ausstattung zu wählen und einzustellen, den Nutzungsgrad der technologischen Prozessen zu erhöhen und Verluste in angegebenen Stromnetzen zu minimisieren.
Es gibt heutzutage spezielle Abteilungen in großen Unternehmen und private Firmen, die Optimierung der Energieversorgung durchführen. Sie bieten unter anderem an: energiesparende Maßnahmen und Maßnahmen zur Beseitigung der negativen Erscheinungen im Stromversorgungssystem, zur Normalisierung der Arbeitsregimen der elektrischen Ausrüstung. Solche professionelle Hilfe ist aber teuer. Heutzutage geht Energieversorgung meistens dank Überlandfreileitungen vor sich und es gibt mehrere Wege, Energieversorgung sicher und billig zu machen. Nicht alle werden aber angewendet.
In erster Linie gilt es, Durchsatzleistung der verfügbaren Überlandfreileitungen zu erhöhen. Dazu ist es möglich, die Arbeit eines Transformators in der Leitung zu vervollkommnen [1]:
Synthetische Farbenstoffe für Transformatorgehäuse anwenden
Mit hochwertigen Ölen Versorgungsstörung vorbeugen
Transformatorenstation gegen Wind und Feuchtigkeit schützen.
Zweitens, ist es sinnvoll bei der Errichtung und Montage der neuen Leitungen folgende Verfahren anzuwenden [2]:
1. Moderner kompakter Leitungsdraht mit Außenschicht aus Z-Draht verkürzt die Zwischenmastzahl.
2. Die Wahl von entsprechender Aluminiumlegierung erhöht den Leitwert. Dank mechanischer Haltbarkeit ist es möglich, Verluste der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit bis 1-2% senken. Sogar bei 250°C halten sie dauernde Überbelastungen des Havarieregimes.
3. Bei der Arbeit bei Überbelastung und erhöhten Temperatur werden moderne Leitungsdrähte mit niedrigem Durchhang verwendet. Bei gleicher Außenfläche haben solche Kabel kleineren Durchmesser und Gewicht. Das garantiert kleinere Energieverluste (um 40% weniger) und vergrößerte Strombelastung bei größerer mechanischer Festigkeit.
4. In europäischen Ländern wird schon seit langem selbsttragender isolierter Draht eingesetzt [3]. Dieser Drahttyp hat ganze Reihe von Vorteilen:
Hohe Sicherheit und Störungsfreiheit in der Energieversorgung
Möglichkeit der gemeinsamen Aufhängung zu den Masten der Linien mit verschiedenem Spannungsniveau und der Telefon- und Internetlinien
Möglichkeit der Montage der Überlandfreileitungen zu den Fassaden, was die städtische Ästhetik bewahrt.
Unfallsicherheit der Arbeit mit Überlandfreileitungen
Alle angebotene Möglichkeiten sind rentabel und umweltfreundlich. Sie bieten den Mitarbeitern des energetischen Komplexes unfallsichere Planarbeit und seltene Havarieregime und der Endverbrauchern – sichere Kontinuität der Stromversorgung.
Quellenverzeichnis.
1. Трансформаторное масло // Конкор Авиа [Електронний ресурс]: – Режим доступу: http://konkoravia.ru/articles/4828-transformatornoe-maslo-kupit-.html
2. Провода самонесущие изолированные // Электротехническая компания Скаб [Електронний ресурс]: – Режим доступу: http://scab.ru/sip/sip-1-sip-2-sip-4.html
3. Кабель Электропитания // Alibaba.com [Електронний ресурс]: – Режим доступу: http://russian.alibaba.com/product-gs/acsr-cable-aluminum-conductor-aluminium-cable-316857027.html
UDC 65.01=111
ENTERPRISE STRUCTURES
Ganzha Olena, student of 11 ЕП, “Economics and Business” department
Karaieva T.V., English language advisor – Cand .of Ped. Sc., associate professor
The basic enterprise structures are considered in the article. The description and explanation of each structure is given. Also the Business Process Modeling, which is the activity of representing enterprise processes, and its structures as well as activities are being provided in the article.
Enterprise structure is the key block for constructing entire organization including company code, business areas, fiscal year variants, controlling area and chart of accounts. Every enterprise has at least three fundamental structures: legal, managerial, and functional, that are used to describe its operations and provide the basis for reporting. These structures are implemented using the chart of accounts and organizations. Although many alternative hierarchies can be implemented and used for reporting, you are likely to have one primary structure that organizes your business into divisions, business units, and departments aligned by your strategic objectives.
It is also crucially important to take into account the following issues while making decisions on enterprise implementation such as line of business, business unit requirements for autonomy, business and accounting policies, business functions performed by business units and optionally, centralized in shared service centers and locations of facilities [1].
The first one under consideration is the legal structure. The corporation is owned by its shareholders who may be represented by individuals or other corporations. Other kinds of legal entities are sole proprietorships, partnerships and government agencies. Legal entities are also assigned responsibilities to account for themselves to the public through statutory and external reporting, to comply with legislation and regulations, to pay income and transaction taxes and to process value added tax (VAT) collection on behalf of the taxing authority.
Many large enterprises isolate risk and optimize taxes by incorporating subsidiaries. They create legal entities to facilitate legal compliance, segregate operations, optimize taxes, complete contractual relationships. Enterprises use legal entities to establish their enterprise's identity under the laws of each country in which their enterprise operates.
The second structure under consideration is the managerial one. Successfully managing multiple businesses require that you segregate them by their strategic objectives, and measure their results. Although related to your legal structure, the business organizational hierarchies do not need to be reflected directly in the legal structure of the enterprise. The managerial structure can include divisions, subdivisions, lines of business, strategic business units, and cost centers.
And, finally, the third one is the functional structure. A functional organization having been structured around people and their competencies usually involves both legal and business organizations. For example, sales, manufacturing, and service teams are functional organizations. The functional structure is implemented using departments and organizations including selling, marketing, projecting, costing and inventory taking.
Business Process Modeling (BPM) in engineering systems is the activity of representing processes of the enterprise, so that the current process may be analyzed and improved. BPM is typically performed by business analysts and managers who are seeking to improve process efficiency and quality. The process improvements identified by BPM may or may not require Information Technology involvement, although that is a common driver for the need to model a business process, by creating a process master. BPM models consist of simple diagrams constructed from a limited set of graphical elements. For both business users and developers, they simplify understanding business activities flow and process. BPM four basic element categories are flow objects (events, activities, gateways), connecting objects (sequence flow, message flow, association), swim lanes (pool, lane) and artifacts (data object, group, annotation) [2].
The following chart describes the Business Process Model structures and activities.
Business Process Model structures and activities
BPM Activities |
Description |
Define Enterprise |
Define the enterprise to capture the name of the deploying enterprise and the location of the headquarters. There is normally a single enterprise organization in production environment. Multiple enterprises are defined when the system is used to administer multiple customer companies or when you choose to set up additional enterprises for testing or development. |
Define Enterprise Structures |
Define enterprise structures to represent an organization with one or more legal entities under common control. Define internal and external organizations to represent each area of business within the enterprise. |
Define Legal Entities |
Define legal entities and legal reporting units for business activities handled by it. |
Define Business Units |
Define business units of an enterprise for flexible implementation to provide a consistent entity for controlling and reporting on transactions, and to be an anchor for the sharing of sets of reference data across applications. |
Define Financial Reporting Structures |
Define financial reporting structures, including organization structures, charts of accounts, organizational hierarchies, calendars, currencies and rates, ledgers, and document sequences being used in organizing financial data of a company. |
Define Ledgers |
Define the primary accounting ledger and secondary ledgers providing alternative financial data accounting representation |
References.
The Four Lenses Strategic Framework .[E – resource]. – Режим доступу: http://www.4lenses.org/setypology/structures
Oracle® Fusion Applications Enterprise Structures Concepts Guide. .[E – resource]. – Режим доступу: http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E37017_01/doc.1115/ e22899/F359262AN100CA.htm
УДК 372.881
LE SPÉCIALISTE MODERNE DU NIVEAU INTERNATIONAL: LES EXIGENCES ET LE PROCESSUS DE LA FORMATION
Gloukhykh Igor Evguénovytch, gr.35, faculté mécano-technologique
Vynogradova M. S., maître-assistant de la chaire des langues étrangères
L’article donne l’analyse du processus de la formation des étudiants au niveau de l’école supérieure, comme des cadres pour les entreprises internationales.
У статті дається визначення сучасного фахівця міжнародного рівня і вимоги до процесу його підготовки в вищіх навчальніх закладах , як кадрів для міжнародних підприємств.
Le besoin de la formation des jeunes, capables de travailler dans une économie de marché nécessite la résolution d'un certain nombre de questions fondamentales: Quelles qualités doivent avoir les jeunes diplômés, les promus des établissements d’enseignement supérieur ? Qu’est-ce qu’ils doivent savoir ? Quelles sont les marges de leurs activités professionnelles? Les tentatives visant à obtenir des réponses à ces questions conduisent à la nécessité de la création d'un modèle moderne du spécialiste diplômé sur tous les trois étapes de la formation.
En général, ce modèle est considéré comme un idéale, une personnalité, qu’on souhaite réaliser pendant le processus d'apprentissage.
Si on considère que l'enseignement supérieur prépare les gens bien instruites qui doivent trouver leur place sur le marché du travail, un tel modèle, selon les lois du marketing étudiant le marché, devrait être formé tenant compte des facteurs internes et externes qui l'affectent et celui des exigences de la profession.
Du point de vue des scientifiques, ce modèle devrait inclure trois catégories:
- Les facteurs externes du marché international du travail;
- Les facteurs internes de l’influence de l'état;
- Les exigences de la profession;
Le premier bloc présente le modèle qui devrait être inclu dans le concept de «spécialiste moderne qui répond aux normes internationales." La transition vers une économie de marché exige l'introduction de nouvelles exigences pour l’obtention de leur diplôme d'études supérieures. En termes de saturation de l'information, du vieillissement rapide des connaissances il est nécessaire de mettre en œuvre l'éducation permanente pour que le jeune spécialiste se prépare pour l'acquisition indépendante de nouvelles connaissances. La première chose qu’il faut faire est de faire de futurs professionnels à apprendre.
La capacité d'apprendre comprend plusieurs activités d'apprentissage différentes selon leur but:
- La recherche de nouvelles informations, ce qui nécessite une capacité de travailler dans la bibliothèque, de résumer, d’analyser;
- L'apprentissage par la résolution des problèmes communs, des tests ; le contrôle des solutions finales, de leur correction en cas d'erreurs;
- L’engagement à l'activité collective, l’acquisition des connaissances de la théorie et de la pratique de la gestion du personnel qui satisfont correspondent aux exigences de la gestion internationale.
Sur la formation des exigences du premier bloc du modèle influencent les conditions et les facteurs économiques, politiques, sociaux, culturels, techniques, juridiques, qui comprennent le marché du travail international, en tenant compte de la demande et de la concurrence.
Le modèle du deuxième bloc suppose que le jeune spécialiste doit conformer aux normes d'Etat, qui comprennent:
- le haut niveau de la culture politique qui vous permet d'organiser le travail du groupe, qui se compose des travailleurs ayant des opinions politiques différentes;
- la compétence professionnelle, la capacité à utiliser les connaissances théoriques dans les activités de production;
- les compétences organisationnelles et la capacité d’établir des motifs et des priorités, de posséder les connaissances de base sur l'entrepreneuriat;
- les habiletés à utiliser le patrimoine national dans des valeurs communes de l'homme;
- les qualités personnelles: le niveau élevé de l'éducation, de la culture, de la liberté, de la justice, du tact, etc.
Le troisième bloc du modèle détermine l’ensemble des compétences et des savoir-faire qui peuvent être divisés en trois groupes:
a) permettant d'effectuer des recherches;
b) nécessaires pour résoudre les problèmes pratiques;
c) assurant la préparation au travail éducatif.
Dans de différentes universités les rapports de ces groupes ne sont pas égaux. Dans la plupart des universités la préparation pour les activités de recherche et d'enseignement prend une place d’importance primordiale et aux établissements d’enseignement techniques on apprend à résoudre les problèmes pratiques et moins rare pédagogiques. Pour fixer les buts concrets de la formation spécifique il faut analyser chaque groupe des compétences en conformité avec le profil de la formation.
Ainsi, le modèle du spécialiste peut être représenté comme un projet des activités pédagogique, pris dans son unité intégrale afin de définir les caractéristiques professionnelles et les qualités personnelles du spécialiste. Il devrait se concentrer sur le travail dans les conditions des relations économiques du marché, le modèle devrait être adéquat à la réalité.
Compte tenu du fait, que les jeunes diplômés universitaires travailleront dans les entreprises de propriété différente et leur formation doit répondre à la conjoncture du marché du travail, le modèle doit être adapté à telles conditions et contribuer la préparation du spécialiste concurrentiel.
Dans l'élaboration du modèle de spécialiste professionnel, il est recommandable d’utiliser les méthodes de marketing: l’analyse de la pratique réelle de l’emploi des spécialistes du profil donné, la demande pour la main-d’oeuvre de tel type dans les différents marchés et segments ; la méthode d'experts ; la portée de prédiction des activités auxquelles se prépare le spécialiste diplômé.
La construction du modèle de spécialiste est grandement facilité par les programmes de perfectionnement professionnel, qui comprennent un ensemble des caractéristiques de profession, des caractéristiques sociales, psychologiques et sanitaires.
Basé sur le modèle de spécialiste, on cré les caractéristiques de qualification qui orientent l'école supérieure sur la formation du système intégré des activités professionnelle, idéologique et humanitaire et celle de la préparation culturelle générale chez les futurs professionnels.
Dans la base de la méthodologie de l’élaboration des caractéristiques de qualification on a mis la synthèse des approches efficaces vers la formation de qualité des spécialistes du profil défini.
Références.
http://archive.nbuv.gov.ua/portal/soc_gum/pspo/2010_25_2/chernega.pdf
http://www.cfa-irisup.fr/
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole_sup%C3%A9rieure_des_sciences_%C3%A9conomiques_et_commerciales
http://www.educagri.fr/Formation-superieure.1726.0.html
http://www.letudiant.fr/fiches/etudes/fiche/ecole-nationale-superieure-de-la-nature-et-du-paysage.html
http://www.france-ukraine.com/Le-nouveau-modele-de-la-formation.html
УДК 004.738.52: 811.112.2
VERGLEICHSANALYSE VON UNPROPRIETÄREN BROWSERN ALS EFFEKTIVEN MEDIEN FÜR SUCHE, VERARBEITUNG UND SPEICHERUNG VON INFORMATION IM INTERNET
Henzu I.W., Gruppe 21 CW
Sajzewa N.W., Leiterin in Deutsch
У статті представлено порівняльний аналіз непропрієтарних браузерів, їх переваг як для спеціалістів, так і для звичайних користувачів, а також можливостей для пошуку, обробки даних та зберігання інформації у мережі Інтернет.
Ein Browser ist spezielles Programm, mit dem man bequem Lieblingswebseiten durchsieht. Trotz der Tatsache, dass fast alle modernen Browser kostenlos sind – es ist kompliziertes Programm. Es ist mit Vielzahl von Funktionen ausgestattet. Ihre Hauptaufgabe ist es, das Surfen im Netz nicht nur komfortabel, sondern auch sicherzu machen.
Was soll man beachten, wenn man einen Browser wählt? Erstens, Unterstützung der Web-Standards. Für allgemeine Grundsätzen des Internets ist globale Organisation das World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) verantwortlich [1]. Guter Browser unterstützt alle bestehenden Web-Standards, um korrekt Web-Sites Web-Seiten mit Musik, Flash-Animationen und den Bannern anzeigen zu können. Um die Browsern Standards zu überprüfen, wird am häufigsten Testprogramm ACID 3 mit ihren 100 Punkten verwendet [2].
Zweiter wichtiger Parameter ist User Interface. Das Vorhandensein einer organisierten, intuitiven Benutzeroberfläche ist Erfolgsgarantie von jedem Browser. Software-Entwickler und Designer arbeiten seriös daran, wie man Browser-Steuerelemente richtig platzieren und einstellen kann: klare Schnittstelle, optimale Balance des Elemente-Layouts. Man soll nicht vergessen, dass Benutzeroberfläche nicht nur bequem, sondern äußerlich attraktiv sein sollte. Außerdem widerspiegeln die Browser dieselbe Webseiten unterschiedlich: Tabellen und Menüs können vom Browser zum Browser Farbton oder Größe ändern, unterscheiden sich auch Verfeinerungen wie z.B. Schatten oder Unterzeichnung.
Dritter Parameter ist Funktionalität. Moderner Browser sieht wie ein kleines Betriebssystem aus. Dadurch betrachtet man die Seiten mit komplexen interaktiven Schnittstellen, schaut Filme und hört sich Musik an. Man verwendet Browser als ein Mittel zur Entwicklung, Herunter- und Heraufladen und Speicherung von Dateien im Internet. Mit einem FTP-Client ist vieles mehr möglich. Browser wurden für vielen Menschen nicht banaler "Seite viewer", sondern wichtiges Werkzeug. Er sollte in ihrer täglichen Arbeit allmächtig und vollwertig sein.
Sicherheit ist Parameter Nummer vier. In modernen Browsern ist Sicherheit die höchste Priorität. Dennoch, volle Sicherheit garantiert kein Browser. Leider finden Kriminelle ständig neue Schwachstellen in Browsern. Sie infizieren Computer von Benutzer mit Viren und erhalten Zugang zu ihren persönlichen Daten. Die Software-Entwickler müssen durch regelmäßige Produktions-Updates Sicherheit ihrer Browser erhöhen. So erneuert ein User Browser und vorbeugt Malware und unbefugten Datenzugriff [3].
Also, die 5 populärsten Browser laut diesen 5 Parameter, weltweit sind [4]: Google Chrome – er hat 33% Marktanteil. Microsoft Internet Explorer bevorzugen 32% aller Benutzer. Mozilla Firefox hat Marktanteil von 25%. Weiter geht Safari mit 9% des Marktes und Opera - nur 1,5% des Marktes.
Was bevorzugen ukrainische Studenten? Diese Frage wurde zum Thema der Umfrage unter Studenten der Universitäten in Melitopol. Laut den Antworten von 61 Personen wurden 5 Lieblingsbrowser bestimmt. Google Chrome führt mit 44.3% dank Geschwindigkeit des Herunterladens. Weiter kommen Opera und Mozilla Firefox – ihre Vorteile sind Erweiterungen und Werbungsfilter. Der geliebte in der Welt Internet Explorer ist unter unseren Befragten unpopulär wegen langen Kaltstartes und Bugs. An der letzten Stelle liegt Safari. Denn die Zahl der Benutzer von Mac OS ist gering.
Also, wichtig bei der Browserwahl sind:
Geschwindigkeit des Herunterladens
Erweiterungen und Werbungsfilter
Schneller Kaltstart
Konkurrenz der Browserhersteller ist sehr hart. Das ist natürlich den Benutzern zugunsten: jede Woche erneuert Opera, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox oder Google Chrome eine Funktion, die andere Browser schon haben. Dieser Lauf endet nie. Wenn man genug Zeit hat, kann man diese Erneuerungen testen, bis man einen Browser wählt. Und mit jedem Tag bieten die Browser immer mehr Funktionen, die einerseits unerfahrenen Benutzer mit ihrer Einfachheit bestechen, andererseits aber für die Profis Arbeit beschleunigen und erleichtern. Und wenn man nach keine Bestimmte Funktion (wie z.B. den schnellsten Video-Download-Manager) sucht, bleibt die Wahl immer wieder die Geschmacksfrage.
Quellenverzeichnis.
1. Große Browser-Schlacht: Es kann nur einen geben // Chip [Електронний ресурс]: – Режим доступу: http://www.chip.de/artikel/Browser-Vergleich-Internet-Explorer-9-Firefox-4-Chrome-10-im-Haertetest 47957169.html
2. Der Internet Browser Vergleich // Browser - Vergleich [Електронний ресурс]: – Режим доступу: http://www.browser-vergleich.com/index.html?refresh
3. Что такое браузер? Самые популярные браузеры и их возможности // Compbegin [Електронний ресурс]: – Режим доступу: http://www.compbegin.ru/articles/view/27?refresh
4. Тесты производительности web-браузеров: сравнение пяти самых популярных решений // TomsHardware[Електронний ресурс]: – Режим доступу: http://www.thg.ru/software/web browser performance test/onepage.html
УДК (631.171:621.3)=111
ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT IN MODERN AGRICULTURE
Kabaldov Y., group 23, Power Engineering Faculty
Shevchenko S.P., instructor of English, Foreign languages department
Автор статті наводить приклади використання електричного та електронного обладнання сучасного сільського господарства. Надаються технічні характеристики деяких електричних насосів, що широко використовуються у рослинництві та тваринництві.
The impact of electric power on modern agriculture has been at least as significant as that of either steam or gasoline, because electricity in its nature is far more versatile than the earlier power sources. Although there had long been scientific interest on the effects electricity had on plant growth, especially after the development of electric lamps, it was the development of the electric motor that really gained the interest of the farming community.
Modern applications of electricity in farming range from the comparatively simple to some complex in the manufacturing industries. They include conditioning and storage of grain and grass; preparation and rationing of animal feed; and provision of a controlled environment in stock-rearing houses for intensive pig and poultry rearing and in greenhouses for horticultural crops. Electricity plays an equally important part in the dairy farm for feed rationing, milking, and milk cooling; all these applications are automatically controlled. Computers have increasingly been employed to aid in farm management and to directly control automated equipment.
The engineer and farmer have combined to develop electrically powered equipment for crop conservation and storage to help overcome weather hazards at harvest time and to reduce labour requirements to a minimum. Grain can now be harvested in a matter of days instead of months and dried to required moisture content for long storage by means of electrically driven fans and, in many installations, gas or electrical heaters. Wilted grass, cut at the stage of maximum feeding value, can be turned into high-quality hay in the barn by means of forced ventilation and with very little risk of spoilage loss from wet weather.
Conditioning and storage of such root crops as potatoes, onions, carrots, and beets, in especially designed stores with forced ventilation and temperature control, and of fruit in refrigerated stores are all electrically based techniques that minimize waste and maintain top quality over longer periods than was possible with traditional methods of storage.
Large numbers of beef cattle are raised in enclosures and fed carefully balanced rations by automatic equipment. Pigs by the thousands and poultry by the tens of thousands are housed in special buildings with controlled environments and are fed automatically with complex rations. Dairy herds of up to 1,000 cows are machine-milked in milking parlous, and the cows are then individually identified and fed appropriate rations by complex electronic equipment. The milk passes directly from the cow into refrigerated bulk milk tanks and is ready for immediate shipment.
The modern farmer employs various electronic devices to control and monitor the planting process. Most electronic planting devices control the functions of tractor attachments, such as seeders. Seed-monitoring equipment and software allow the farmer to control the rate and spacing of seed distribution with great accuracy. People use different types of electric motors in agriculture. For example, DC and AC motor, three-phase motors, brushless motors and many others. Here are some examples:
PERIPHERAL ELECTRIC PUMPS
APPLICATIONS: General water supply, pressurized water using pressure vessels (autoclaves), horticultural irrigation, mist irrigation, boosting showers, dairy and farm applications, garden watering applications, to empty and fill cisterns for clean liquids only.
Max Delivery: 4, 2 m3/h
Max Head: 88 m
Power: 0, 37÷1, 5 kW
ELECTRIC SINGLE IMPELLER CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
APPLICATIONS: Industrial water supply, pressurized water using pressure vessels (autoclaves), horticultural and agricultural irrigation, civil and domestic water transfer applications.
Max Delivery: 8 m3/h
Max Head: 59 m
Power: 0, 37÷2, 2 kW
ELECTRIC SINGLE IMPELLER CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
APPLICATIONS: These electric pumps can be used for surface-flooding and spray irrigation systems, lifting water from lakes, rivers and tanks, and for various industrial applications requiring elevated capacities and medium-to-low heads.
Max Delivery: 210 m3/h
Max Head: 63 m
Power: 0, 75÷22 kW
Some companies offer repair and replacement of agricultural electric and electronic equipment. For example, electric motor service technicians at Northern Electric Motor Company are experienced in all areas of agricultural electric motor replacement and repair. They work on all types of farm duty motors and related farm equipment, such as vertical pumps, conveyors, milk pumps, forklift motors, and more. They offer new farm duty motors and related components, as well.
Electrical and electronic equipment has been fully integrated in agriculture and our everyday lives. The new millennium has given a new direction to electronics' integration, especially in automotive, aviation and agricultural sectors.
Bibliography.
1. Simon Campbell. English for the Energy Industry: Express series. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. – 80 p.
УДК 378.147.88
LE RÔLE DES STAGES ESTUDIANTINS À L’ETRANGER DANS LA CONSTRUCTION DE LA FUTURE CARRIÈRE
Kassianov V. O., gr. 11 Master, faculté mécano-technologique
Vynogradova M. S., maître-assistant de la chaire des langues étrangères
Dans un article on examine le rôle des stages universitaires à l’étranger afin de construire la carrière professionnelle au niveau international. On présente les possibilités des pratiques des étudiants de l’Université agrotechnologique en France dans le cadre du programme international proposé par la Fédération Echanges France-Ukraine.
У статті розглянуто роль студентських стажувань за кордоном у створенні майбутньої кар’єри фахівця. Презентовано можливості для проходження практик студентами ТДАТУ у Франції за програмою обміну Франція-Україна.
La plupart des étudiants reçoivent le diplôme en Ukraine. Il existe beaucoup d’écoles supérieures donnant la formation excellente. Cependant, seulement les diplômes des établissements supérieurs d’élite sont côtés à l'étranger et en Ukraine on n’accepte aussi pas n’importe quel diplômé au travail prestigieux. Alors, on peut corriger cette situation, ajoutant au diplôme le certificat de stage à l'étranger. Pour l'employeur c'est le paramètre de ce que le candidat a passé le cours de l'enseignement théorique et pratique à l'étranger et qu’il s’est adapté au travail conformément aux standards demandés.
Le stage à l'étranger est un aspect spécial de l'enseignement, quand on reçoit les habitudes nécessaires professionnelles pratiquement dans un autre pays. De plus, on fait connaissance avec l'histoire, la culture, les coutumes de ce pays, et, certes on étudie la langue du pays donné.
J’ai passé 2 niveaux du stage pratique agricole en France selon ma spécialité ingénieur mécanicien. Le premier niveau de mon stage se passait dans la ferme laitière d'élevage dans la région de Poitou-Charantes. Pendant le stage je vivais dans la famille du fermier qui m'a donné une grande possibilité d'améliorer les connaissances de la langue française, de faire connaissance avec la culture et les coutumes des Français. En effet, même dans chaque région de la France, il y a des particularités dans la langue, dans les coutûmes et dans les partialités culinaires. Moi, j’ai eu de la chance de goûter la cuisine française, qui est considérée la plus bonne et la plus diverse dans le monde. Pendant les jours fériés, je voyageais avec la famille de fermier à travers la région. J'étais charmé par la beauté et le caractère énigmatique des châteaux de la vallée de la Loire, par la nature luxieuse de ce pays et par la bienveillance de ses habitants.
Mais le principal que j'ai reçu pendant le stage est une expérience inappréciable des Français de la gestion de la petite exploitation agricole. Je m’intéressais le plus possible à l'équipement mécanique dans la ferme, la technique existant dans l'économie. Pour l'affouragement des animaux le fermier stocke le foin, la paille, le silo sur les champs. Je prenais part à ces processus du travail. Toutes les connaissances pratiques acquises pendant le stage sont utiles beaucoup pour l’étudiant dans l'enseignement ultérieur à l'université.
J’ai passé le 2-ième niveau de mon stage en France dans le garage de la réparation du matériel agricole directement selon ma spécialité du mécanicien. J'accomplissais de petites réparations de la technique, par exemple, l'assemblage de la semeuse. C'est l'expérience inappréciable pour moi, comme du futur mécanicien.
Ce programme donne non simplement l'expérience et les connaissances, il donne quelque chose de plus, il aide à faire un accomplissement personnel et à retrouver l'assurance des forces personnelles. En effet, le stagiaire doit compter avant tout sur lui-même, en commençant de la vie quotidienne et en finissant par la décision des questions professionnelles apparaissant pendant le stage. Le stagiaire dans un milieu tout à fait nouveau, fait connaissance avec une autre organisation de la gestion de l'économie; prend des contacts personnels et professionnels qui peuvent être très utiles dans le futur.
En Ukraine, il y a beaucoup d'entreprises communes franco-ukrainiennes. Ayant passé le stage en France, l'étudiant reçoit la possibilité d'obtenir le travail d’après sa spécialité à ces entreprises ce qui est très important pour la vie.
Pendant les études, le stage donne la possibilité de jeter un coup d'oeil sur la future profession de l'intérieur, ayant jeté la base solide de la future carrière.
De nos jours, le stage est beaucoup répandu. Pour les compagnies c'est la possibilité de voir le spécialiste perspectif et de "l'élever" du banc estudiantin (le promouvoir). Pour le stagiaire, c'est la chance réelle de construire la carrière dans la compagnie étrangère. L'emploi temporaire est une chance d'essayer les forces dans la sphère d'activité définie.
On peut faire la conclusion, que les stages à l’étranger donnent au stagiaire beaucoup d’atouts. Les stagiaires améliorent considérablement les connaissances de la langue étrangère, ils apprennent à utiliser la formation reçue dans un nouveau milieu pratique, reçoivent de nouvelles idées et l'expérience unique sur le façon de travail, ils élargissent des contacts professionnels et des relations d'affaires et ils reçoivent l’Attestation de stage ou la lettre de recommandation de l'employeur étranger pour la future carrière.
Références.
http://www.fefu.org/default.asp?voirpage=FEFU/La-FEFU.html
http://www.cursusmundus.com/stages-a-letranger
http://www.projects-abroad.fr/missions-et-stages/journalisme/
http://www.experience-internationale.fr/
http://www.educagri.fr/les-stages-a-l-etranger.1635.0.html
УДК 332.711-334.06
DEVELOPMENT OF FARMERS' MARKETS:
AN EXPERIENCE OF THE UK
Kolodchak Anna, faculty of economics and business, group 11 MB EP
Polikarpova Yu.O., Cand. Phil. Sc., Assoc. Prof.
The article considers experience of the United Kingdom in farmers' markets development. The main benefits from their expansion for farmers, consumers, local community and environment are demonstrated.
У статті розглянуто досвід Об'єднаного Королівства у розвитку фермерських ринків. Продемонстровано основні переваги від їх розширення для фермерів, споживачів, міських громад та довкілля.
Relevance of the research. Farmers’ markets are springing up all over the word and their number is growing rapidly. According to the latest data there are over 7,500 farmers' markets that are officially registered in the world [2]. The leaders in farmers' markets development are the USA and the UK. In order to introduce farmers' markets in Ukraine it's necessary to study experience of other countries and carry out some research on the problem.
The objective of this research is to demonstrate benefits from the expansion of farmers' markets.
Body of the research. As S. Bullock states, farmers’ markets are food markets where farmers and producers bring their produce for sale direct to the public [1, p.4]. There are usually rules for farmers markets. The main ones are that bought-in food cannot be sold, and that food should be from “local” producers – where “local” is determined by individual markets. The National Association of Farmers Markets in the UK exists in part to accredit these markets and ensure standards are maintained [1, p.4].
Farmers ' markets are good for farmers: they're a different source of revenue, often crucial in today's difficult farming climate; they give farmers greater control over their economic lives; farmers can get higher prices, as the middle man is cut out; farmers get increased networking and learning opportunities with other farmers; farmers diversify their skills due to gaining marketing and business expertise, etc.
They are also good for the local economy: more money is spent in the local economy, and it circulates in the locality for longer; there is high knock-on spending in other shops on market days; they provide an outlet for local produce, helping to start new local businesses and expand existing ones; they reinforce local job and business networks, maintaining local employment, etc.
Benefits for the consumers are the following: consumers enjoy the atmosphere and experience of farmers' markets; consumers get fresh, healthy produce usually at competitive prices; farmers' markets offer increased choice, and can offer extra fresh, affordable produce in areas with few such options; they strengthen community – a key factor in the quality of life in the UK, etc.
Besides, farmers' markets are good for the environment, because food travels less far; there are less "food miles"; it has less packaging; farmers' markets are an important outlet for farmers selling organic and less intensively-produced food.
Conclusion. Taking into account benefits of the farmers' markets mentioned above it can be said that they should be introduced in Ukraine because their expansion has a lot of advantages.
References.
Bullock S. The economic benefits of farmers’ markets. – London, Friends of the Earth, 2010. – 32 p.
Hamilton N.D. Farmers’ markets rules, regulations and opportunities: A National Aglaw Center research article, 2008. – 65 р.
UDC [631.164:633.11]=111
PRODUCTION COSTS REDUCING RESOURCES
Konsul A.O., post-graduate student, “Economics and Business” department.
Boltianska L.A, scientific supervisor, Cand. Econ. Sc., associate professor
Karaieva T.V., English language advisor, Cand .Ped. Sc., associate professor
The ways for reducing production costs by increasing the productivity of labor, intensive use of machines and tractors, farm machinery and management of current material assets are being considered.
The production cost is being represented by monetary for arranging its form production, manufacturing and marketing. Reflecting the level of expenditures spent for production, the production cost characterizes integrated degree of all the enterprise resources utilizing and, hence, the level of equipment, technology and production.
The principal way to reduce production cost in agriculture is to increase crop yields. The capital outlay for growing crops are being made regardless the productivity and performance level, and additional costs are connected only with obtaining additional products. Meanwhile, the expenditures per production unit are being reduced, as a rule [1].
Production expanding as well as products quality improving at the expense of crop yields increasing is realized by means of intensification in agriculture, being essential pre-condition for production costs reducing.
Thus, the factors contributing to production intensification can be considered as the factors for production costs lowering. The first and foremost among them are: efficient using of land on the basis of scientifically substantiated farming systems and intensive crop production technologies; highly productive crop varieties and hybrids using. These and other measures require production costs increasing per 1 hectare of crops.
One of the ways to reduce the production cost is to increase labor productivity based on integrated production mechanization and automation, wide use of progressive forms of organization and labor remuneration. As the level of mechanization increases the labor costs per unit of output reduces facilitating to expenditures decreasing for it payment as well as cost production reducing. Since wages payment is the major item of expenses in the cost of production, thus, labor productivity increase is crucial for its reducing. Meanwhile, the production cost decreases only when the savings in wages exceeds the depreciation growth and expenditures for mechanization means operating repair being introduced into production [3].
One of the important reserves for production costs reducing is the intensive use of machine and tractor park, farm machinery, tools, vehicles and other means of labor. Under these conditions reduced costs per unit of work are being performed, thereby reducing production costs [1].
Another significant reserve for production costs reducing is the rational use of material circulating funds (seed, fertilizer, fuel, etc.). An important sector of production costs reducing is agricultural production specialization extension as well as achieving its optimal rate in accordance with peculiarities of natural and economic conditions for agricultural enterprises farming activity.
Efficient farming should be accompanied both by production volume in general and reduction in products output cost. Thus, a great role in production cost reducing belongs to the factor of workers’ material incentives increasing in the ultimate results of farm activity [2].
Production cost reducing is provided by major areas integration of inner farm reserves using to reduce costs for production and realization per production unit. Factors providing farm production increase as well as reduction in their cost are closely interrelated and preconditioned. Taking into account the above given certain measures as for production cost reduction are being worked out in some branches.
References.
1. Ціни, витрати, прибутки агровиробництва та інфраструктура продовольчих ринків України / За ред. акад. Шпичака О. М. - К.: ІАЕ УААН, 2001. - 585 с.
2. Юрченко Н.М. Планирование и ценообразование на предприятиях переработки в условиях кризиса / Н.М. Юрченко // Экономика сельскохозяйственных и перерабатывающих предприятий. - 2000. - №1. - С. 32-34.
3. Основні напрями високоефективного розвитку пореформеного агропромислового виробництва в Україні. - К.:ІАЕ УААН, 2002. - 730 с.
УДК 004.451.9
MÖGLICHKEITEN UND VORTEILE DER ANWENDUNG VOM BETRIEBSSYSTEM LINUX IM LEHRPROZESS VON STUDENTEN IN DEN INGENIEURFACHRICHTUNGEN
Koshel M., Student der Gruppe 21 CW
Sajzewa N.V., Leiterin in Deutsch
У статті представлені переваги та недоліки операційної системи Linux з точки зору її впровадження у навчальний процес студентів інженерних спеціальностей
Linux oder GNU/Linux ist freies Mehrbenutzer-Betriebssystem. Dieses modular aufgebaute Betriebssystem wird in ganzer Welt von Softwareentwicklern weiterentwickelt [1]. An seiner Entwicklung beteiligen sich Unternehmen, Non-Profit-Organisationen und viele Freiwillige. Linux wird allgemein umfassend und vielfältig eingesetzt, von Mobiltelefonen über Desktop-Rechner, Server, Netbooks, Router und Multimedia-Endgeräte zu Supercomputern.
Alles begann als Hobby von einem finnischen Student. 1991 entwickelte Linus Torvalds eine Terminal-Emulation, um seinen eigenen personalen Computer besser zu verstehen. Im Oktober wurde Linux 0.02 zu einem Betriebssystem entwickelt und ins Internet als OpenSource heraufgeladen. Ein offener Quellcode bedeutet, dass jeder Interessierte die Funktionsweise eines Programmes sich anschauen und beim Wunsch verändern kann. Bei Windows ist es z.B. unmöglich.
In der Bedienung hat Linux (wie auch Windows) seine Besonderheiten, seine Tücken – Bugs und Fehler gibt es in jedem Programm – und Vorteile: unter Linux ist es möglich, nicht nur die Aktualisierungen des Betriebssystems bequem über den Paketmanager einzuspielen, sondern auch gewöhnliche Programme können aktuell gehalten werden.
Als Nachteil kann man Linux vorwerfen, dass es für Linux oftmals keine benötigen Treiber für WLan, Drucker, TV-Karte, Scanner u.ä. gibt. Und der Bedarf nach PC mit nicht funktionierenden Geräten ist sowohl für Spielen, als auch bei der Arbeit, gleicht so viel wie Null.
Als Plus wird auch relativ kleine Virengefahr betrachtet. Als Gründe dazu werden die relativ geringe Verbreitung von Linux und der grundsätzlich sicherere Aufbau genannt.
Für den reinen Privatanwender reichen Linux und kostenlose Versionen für Textverarbeitung wie OpenOffice.org oder kostenfreie Grafikprogramm GIMP durchaus aus. Wenn Linux oder Windows zur Auswahl den Profis stehen, haben sie (bei aller Kuriosität) keine Wahl. Für Profis muss es sowieso MS Office für grundlegender und tiefgreifender Datenverarbeitung oder z.B. Corel oder Photoshop beim professionellen Druckereiwesen sein, die unter Windows laufen. Im Bereich Audio- / Videoschnitt ist es dasselbe.
Microsoft Windows, Microsoft Office und gewohnte Programme kosten Geld. Die meisten Linux-Distributionen sind legal und kostenfrei aus dem Internet herunterzuladen.
Als kostenloses Betriebssystem ist Linux für einen Lehranstalt zweifellos attraktiv. Die Analyse aber stellt folgende unvermeidliche Voraussetzungen:
1. Alle Benutzer müssen sich in Linux gut auskennen.
2. Ingenieurdenken und Design prävalieren über Textverarbeitung.
3. Linux hat im Bildungsbereich einen großen Vorteil über Windows. Speziell für die Lehranstalte wurde Linux-Distribution namens Edubuntu entwickelt. Edubuntu enthält eine große Anzahl von Lehrprogrammen. Das sind Programme für die Untersuchung der physikalischen Prozesse, für geothermische Modellierung, mathematische Forschungen Programmierung und vieles mehr. Edubuntu hat auch volle Kompatibilität mit Windows-Dateiformaten bei der Installation entsprechender Software-Lösungen. Die eingebaute Edubuntu Desktop-Umgebung Gnome verfügt über benutzerfreundliche Schnittstelle. Für Hochfahren von Edubuntu ist Computer mit 800MHz Prozessor und 256 MB RAM genug. Verwendung von Edubuntu lässt auf Software für den Bildungsprozess sparen. Zum Beispiel, Verwendung von dieser Distribution in Izhewsk staatliche technische Universität spart jährlich etwa 100 000 Rubel.
Also, Installierung von Linux in einer Lehranstalt spart Kosten und vorbeugt Urheberrechtliche Streiten, aber verursacht großen zusätzlichen Aufwand: Notwendigkeit der Zuteilung bzw. Einstellung in jeder Abteilung (z.B. Lehrstuhl) eines Beauftragten, der Computer warten und seine Kollege beraten wird; Zeit für Schulung der Mitarbeiter und Suche der kompatiblen Software; Unbequemlichkeit in der Arbeit mit professionellen Designer- und Editorprogrammen.
um Linux zu testen, es ist sinnvoll, mit Linux-Distributionen wie OpenSUSE, Fedora oder Ubuntu (bzw. Kubuntu) zu beginnen [2]. Bei ihrer Installation bleibt Windows gleichzeitig installiert.
Wenn man mit MS Office oder anderen kostenpflichtigen oder grafisch aufwendigen Programmen regelmäßig arbeiten muss, ist Linux nicht empfehlenswert. Wenn auch Linux einzige Alternative wegen seiner Zugänglichkeit ist, braucht man Linux-Distributionen, die Drucker, WLan, Scanner usw. unterstützen.
Literatur.
Linux / Wissenschaftliche Suchmaschine [Електронний ресурс]. – Режим доступу: http:// http://de.cyclopaedia.net
Linux - was ist das und woraus besteht das? / MSD Computerszsteme [Електронний ресурс]. – Режим доступу: http://www.msdnet.de/linux/
УДК 631.17.001.7=133.1
LES PROJETS INNOVANTS DANS L’AGRICULTURE COMME INDICE DE LA VALORISATION DU POTENTIEL DU SECTEUR AGRICOLE
Kotenko Svitlana Igorivna, gr.41 “Economie d’entreprise ”, faculté de l’économie et du business
Vynogradova M. S., maître-assistant de la chaire des langues étrangères
Dans un article on fait l’analyse des projets innovants, on donne la définition des conceptions « innovations », « projets innovants » qui comprennent : fabriques de transformation de paille en papier, fermes d’autruches et de cailles, serres de cultivation de myrtille, production des chips de fruits etc.
У статті розглянуто iнноваційні проекти у сільському господарстві як показник оцінювання потенціалу аграрного сектору.
L’nnovation с’est la mise en œuvre d’un produit (bien ou service) ou d’un procédé nouveau ou sensiblement amélioré, d’une nouvelle méthode de commercialisation ou d’une nouvelle méthode organisationnelle dans les pratiques de l’entreprise, l’organisation du lieu de travail ou des relations extérieures.
Il y a trois types d’innovations. Les innovations incrémentales (de caractère mineur). Il s’agit de la multitude d’améliorations quotidiennes que chaque salarié ou groupe de salariés introduit dans les produits ou dans les processus de fabrication existants: meilleur réglage des machines, modification de la composition des produits pour en accroître la solidité, par exemple, les améliorations de chaque modèle de téléphone portable.
Les innovations radicales, des plus grande ampleur et individualisées, elles matérialisent une rupture totale et irréversible dans les processus: le remplacement du coton par le Nylon.
Les révolutions technologiques, les innovations de ce dernier type concernent moins une entreprise particulière que l’économie toute entière. Elles résultent de la conjonction de plusieurs innovations radicales et déterminent la naissance de nouveaux produits et services, et changent radicalement la nature de la demande, la structure des coûts et les conditions de la compétivité dans toute la sphère économique. Par exemple, l’introduction de la machine à vapeur ou du moteur électrique sont des révolutions technologiques de dernier siècle.
Il y a également 2 types de portées économiques pour une innovation. L’innovation globale touche une part importante des marchés de l’entreprise ou des activités récurrentes. L’innovation locale est la conception d’un produit marginal par rapport aux marchés de l’entreprise.
L’indice mondial 2012 de l’innovation a montré que la Suisse, la Suède et Singapour ont les meilleurs résultats globaux en matière d’innovation. Ukraine a pris 42-ième place.
L'agroécologie est le plus important projet innovant de développement de l'agriculture en France depuis 2012. Le gouvernement veut que l’agriculture soit en harmonie totale avec la nature, pour un développement agricole durable. Ce projet a été signé par le ministre de l’agriculture française Stéphane le Foll.
Le GERS, Innova’bio sont les concours innovants qui mettent en avant les jeunes entreprises innovantes de la filière biologique (agricole ou agro-alimentaire) qu’ils soient producteurs, transformateurs, distributeurs ou fournisseurs de biens et services, dans le but de promouvoir et récompenser l’innovation en bio, mais aussi de développer le tissue économique en lien avec la filière bio.
Leurs finalistes sont le projet de Biopousses: Couveuse de maraîchers Bio; Cabri ô Laine est l’entrepris qui propose d’élevage de chèvres angora Bio et valorisation de la laine mohair; l'Assiette au Champ, le restaurant - bio; L'Chanvre, valorisation du chanvre Bio pour l'alimentation humaine; Safran de Vauloge, réimplantation de safran dans la Sarthe en Bio; SARL Plurielles avec le projet de Création de desserts brassés à la base exclusivement de céréales Bio; l’entreprise Tiboost s’occupant de la Fabrication et commercialisation de galettes énergétiques Bio à base de graines et de fruits secs.
En Ukraine il y a aussi beaucoup de projets intéressantes. Le traitement de pailles dans la matière première pour la fabrication de papier à Jytomyr dont les investissements de capitaux compte 500 000 euros. Le projet prévoit la construction d'une usine de transformation des pailles de céréales ( blé , riz, seigle, le sarrasin, le malt, etc.) dans un demi-produit fibreux. Cette matière première faite de la paille peut servir comme le remplaçant de vieux papiers pour la fabrication du papier. Le projet est basé sur une technologie brevetée d’économie d’énergie et le modèle de l’appareil pour la paille, qui n'a pas d'analogues dans le monde. La technologie est testée en Ukraine. La capacité de l’usine est 10 tonnes par jour. La période de récupération dure 1 an.
L'entreprise à Lutsk prévoit de créer une nouvelle marque des chips avec les investissements de capitaux de 4 000 000 euros. Il est prévu de fournir un approvisionnement toute l’année des fruits secs, des fruits et légumes. Il est possible d’augmenter la production à un niveau de 3 millions de parquets par mois. Les produits sont certifiés et recommandés pour une utilisation en tant que produit des comme des aliments pour bébés. De cette façon, on peut réduire les pertes de stockage. Il y a un grand potentiel pour la distribution des chips (Ukraine, Russie, Union européenne).
L’entprise de Tchernyguiv pour la production des oeufs et de la viande de caille (Investissements de capitaux : 614 000 euros) prévoit dans les 2-3 ans la production de 27 millions d’ œufs par an, de 230 à 250 tonnes de produits carnés. Les clients et partenaires potentiels sont les détaillants, les conserveries, les usines de production de conteneurs. Actuellement, il n'y a pas de concurrence dans ce secteur de production des œufs et de la viande de caille. La période de récupération dure 2 ans.
L’entreprise de Khmelnitsky avec les investissements de capitaux 1 884 300 euros, spécialisé sur la cultivation et la transformation de myrtille veut créer une diversification de la production dans une technologie circuit fermé. Bleuets frais: fruits aujourd’hui reconnus numéro 1 des fruits du XXI-ème siècle, la teneur des vitamines, micro-et macro-éléments et propriétés uniques pour la santé. Les baies fraîches sont des matières premières de haute qualité pour la transformation des aliments, des produits pharmaceutiques. On a l’intention d’utiliser le produit pour l’expansion des entreprises. Puis, la création de l’entreprise sous la forme du parc technologique.
En conclusion, on peut dire que les innovations jouent un grand rôle dans le progrès économique du monde entier. L’Ukraine pourrait aussi s’intégrer aux innovations européennes comme l’agroécologie qui prévoit le développement durable de l’agriculture.
Références.
1.http://www.agri82.fr/circuitscourtsagrotourisme/projets-innovants
2. http://agriculture.gouv.fr/lancement-appel-candidatures-projets-innovants-jeunes-agriculteurs
3. http://agriculture.gouv.fr/appels-a-projets,1446
УДК 316.46.058=111
Styles of leadership
Kyriienko Violetta, faculty of Economics and business, master student, group 11, accounting
Zhukova T.V., English language advisor
The significance of leadership styles is analyzed in the article. Some leadership styles and core leadership theories are formulated. The pros and cons of each leadership styles are considered.
У статті аналізується значення стилю керівництва. Сформульовані деякі стилі керівництва та основні теорії лідерства. Розглядаються плюси і мінуси кожного стилю керівництва.
From Mahatma Gandhi and Winston Churchill to Martin Luther King and Steve Jobs, there can seem to be as many ways to lead people as there are leaders.
Fortunately, businesspeople and psychologists have developed useful, simple ways to describe the main styles of leadership.
By understanding these styles and their impact, you can develop your own approach to leadership and become a more effective leader.
Now, we'll look at common leadership theories:
1. Trait theories argue that effective leaders share a number of common personality characteristics, or «traits.»
2. Behavioral theories focus on how leaders behave. He argued that there are two types of leaders: Autocratic and Democratic leaders.
3. Contingency theories try to predict which style is best in which circumstance.
4. Power and influence theories are based on the different ways that leaders use power and influence to get things done.
Now, we'll look the main leadership styles:
Transactional leadership
This leadership style starts with the idea that team members agree to obey their leader when they accept a job.
The leader has a right to «punish» team members if their work doesn't meet an appropriate standard.
Autocratic leadership
Staff and team members have little opportunity to make suggestions, even if these would be in the team's or the organization's best interest.
Autocratic leadership is often best used in crises, when decisions must be made quickly and without dissent.
Bureaucratic leadership
Bureaucratic leaders work «by the book.» They follow rules rigorously, and ensure that their people follow procedures precisely.
Much of the time, bureaucratic leaders achieve their position because of their ability to conform and to uphold rules, not because of their qualifications or expertise.
Charismatic leadership
A charismatic leadership style can resemble transformational leadership because these leaders inspire enthusiasm in their teams and are energetic in motivating others to move forward.
Сharismatic leadership carries great responsibility, and it needs a long-term commitment from the leader.
Democratic leadership
Democratic leaders make the final decisions, but they include team members in the decision-making process.
They encourage creativity, and team members are often highly engaged in projects and decisions.
Transformational leadership
This style of leadership is about implementing new ideas. These individuals continually change themselves; they stay flexible and adaptable; and continually improve those around them.
Transformation leadership is often the best leadership style to use in business situations.
So, we'll look the pros and cons of each leadership style.
Table 1
The pros and cons of each style
Leadership Styles |
The benefits of Leadership Styles |
The downsides of Leadership Styles |
Transactional leadership
|
This leadership style clarifies everyone's roles and responsibilities. People who are ambitious or who are motivated by external rewards – including compensation are often thrive. |
Team members can do little to improve their job satisfaction. It can feel stifling, and it can lead to high staff turnover.
|
Autocratic leadership
|
The benefit of autocratic leadership is that it's incredibly efficient. Decisions are made quickly, and work gets done.
|
Autocratic leadership often leads to high levels of absenteeism and high staff turnover. |
Bureaucratic leadership
|
This is an appropriate leadership style for work involving serious safety risks. |
It's ineffective in teams and organizations that rely on flexibility, creativity, or innovation. |
Charismatic leadership
|
This excitement and commitment from teams is an enormous benefit.
|
Charismatic leaders can believe more in themselves than in their teams. |
Democratic leadership
|
Team members tend to have high job satisfaction and are productive because they're more involved in decisions. This style also helps develop people's skills. |
It can often hinder situations where speed is essential.
|
Transformational leadership
|
Transformational leaders are inspiring because they expect the best from everyone on their team as well as themselves. This leads to high productivity and engagement from the team. |
While the leader's enthusiasm is passed onto the team, he or she can need to be supported by «detail people.»
|
In conclusion I’d like to say, that all the styles of leadership are very useful and important, but for each specific situation it is necessary to select your style of leadership.
In many organizations, both transactional and transformational leadership styles are useful. By learning about the pros and cons of each style, you can adapt your approach to your situation.
References.
1. Core Leadership Theories [Електронний ресурс]. – Режим доступу: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/leadership-theories.htm
2. Leadership Styles [Електронний ресурс]. – Режим доступу: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_84.htm
3. Transformational leadership [Електронний ресурс]. – Режим доступу:http://www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/crosscuttings/leadership_transformational.html
УДК 32.973.2-018
Production design of the model of the central building of Tavria State Agrotechnological University
Matvieiev Oleksandr, 11 MB IT
Symonenko S.V., English language advisor
The article describes the process of development and production of the model of the main building of Tavria State Agrotechnological University with application of different computer software.
У статті розглянуті процеси розробки та виробництва макета головного корпусу Таврійського державного агротехнологічного університету з використанням прикладного програмного забезпечення .
Topicality of the problem. Specific tasks to be solved in the sphere of material production dictate the need to have variable computer software for various purposes. A major problem is the creation of information systems in which information created in one program may be directly perceived and interpreted into another one without any changes.
The work demonstrates the ability to create complex projects using software packages of different companies - producers giving the example of the development of the model of the TSATU main building.
Research. The object of our research is the functionality of the computer-aided design programs for various purposes. The subject of our research is the layout design of the TSATU main building with application of different application software packages.
To implement the task we took the construction plan (Fig.1) of the building and designed the drawing in AutoCAD. The drawings were imported into Autodesk 3ds Max Design software environment, where the polygonal model of the building without architectural elements was developed.
Then we reconstructed photographs of all architectural elements in Autodesk 3ds Max Design. Due to the large number of parts that are repeated, it was the design decision to create a common element, namely a column, a window, a baluster, pilasters, roof tiles, eaves. Further, these designed components were reproduced and placed in their places. As a result we obtained the photorealistic model in the scale of 1:50 (Fig.2).
Fig.1. The construction plan of the main building of TSATU
Fig.2. The 3D model of the main building of TSATU without architectural elements
The assigned task was to provide the minutest details of the architectural elements of the building with the utmost precision. For this purpose the three-dimensional model of the building was imported into the package PowerMill (Fig.3) through the auxiliary module Exchange 581002 format IGES.
Fig.3. Import of 3-D models into PowerMill
The necessary tools were created, the trajectories were calculated and the appropriate cutting conditions were selected. Next, using different processing strategies control programs for manufacturing all the architectural elements of the building were developed.
The treatment was performed on the CNC machine. The machine was assembled from components that were bought separately, thus saving about 60% of the equipment cost. Therefore, a special postprocessor was developed to handle the created model. The postprocessor allows to convert data of the cutting tool position designed with the CAM-system to specific machine codes (G/M-codes) taking into account the features of its kinematics.
After processing of different model making option, it was decided to make it of gypsum. To fulfill this task initially molds were made of hardwood with the help of programs developed in PowerMill. According to the obtained structures two-component silicone molds for casting gypsum were produced. The required number of architectural elements was cast from gypsum in silicone molds, and then their assemblage was performed.
Processing of wooden structures was carried out using the technology of high-speed milling cutters with diameters from 1 to 3 mm.
Created molds were used for casting elements of the building with gypsum of Knauf company. After making the required number of elements of the building the assemblage of elements was implemented. After the assembly was completed the product was treated by an initial primer, and then was painted in colors that matched the colors of the real building.
The model length is 2700 mm. Its production took more than 50 kg of gypsum.
Conclusion. In the process of the main university building model was created, at the design phase Auto CAD and 3Ds Max were used. The project was carried out using PowerMILL software, a special postprocessor for CNC machine tools was also developed.
Work efficiency was achieved through the use of software from different vendors with further import of models from one development environment to another. It is possible to improve the programming process of processing parts of complex configuration for equipment with numerical control.
The methodology for design and manufacturing models using different software functionality was designed. This methodology is going to be used to create monument models and other architectural constructions.
УДК 504.054=111
Impacts of Chernobyl nuclear reactor explosion
Mykul’skiy Viacheslav, faculty of economics and business, group 11, Accounting
Zhukova T. V., English language advisor
The main reasons of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant explosion are substantiated. Some examples of impacts of this accident are analyzed.
Основні причини вибуху Чернобильської атомної електростанції обосновано. Деякі приклади впливу цього взриву аналізуються.
The April 1986 disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Ukraine was the product of a flawed Soviet reactor design coupled with serious mistakes made by the plant operators. It was a direct consequence of Cold War isolation and the resulting lack of any safety culture.
The accident destroyed the Chernobyl 4 reactor, killing thirty operators and firemen within three months and several further deaths later. One person was killed immediately and a second died in hospital soon after as a result of injuries received. Another person is reported to have died at the time from a coronary thrombosis. Acute Radiation Syndrome was originally diagnosed in 237 people on-site and involved with the clean-up and it was later confirmed in 134 cases. Of these, 28 people died as a result of ARS within a few weeks of the accident. Nineteen more subsequently died between 1987 and 2004 but their deaths cannot necessarily be attributed to radiation exposure. Nobody off-site suffered from acute radiation effects although a large proportion of childhood thyroid cancers diagnosed since the accident is likely to be due to intake of radioactive iodine fallout. Furthermore, large areas of Belarus, Ukraine, Russia and beyond were contaminated in varying degrees.
A series of operation actions, including the disabling of automatic shutdown mechanisms, preceded the attempt test early on 26 April. By the time that the operator moved to shut down the reactor, it was in an extremely unstable condition. A peculiarity of the design of the control rods caused a dramatic power surge as they were inserted into reactor.
The interaction of very hot fuel with the cooling water led to fuel fragmentation along with rapid steam production and an increase in pressure. The design characteristics of the reactor were such that substantial damage to even three or four fuel assemblies can result in the destruction of the reactor. The overpressure caused the 1000 t cover plate of the reactor to become partially detached. Intense steam generation then spread throughout the whole core causing a steam explosion and releasing fission products to the atmosphere. About two to three seconds later, a second explosion threw out fragments from the fuel channels and a hot grafite.
The accident caused the largest uncontrolled radioactive release into the environment ever recorded for any civilian operation, and large quantities of radioactive substances were released into the air for about 10 days. This caused serious social and economic disruption for large populations in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine.
It is estimated that all of the xenon gas, about half of the iodine and caesium, and at least 5% of the remaining radioactive material in the Chernobyl 4 reactor core (which had 192 tonnes of fuel) was released in the accident.
Most of the released material was deposited close by as dust and debris, but the lighter material was carried by wind over the Ukraine, Belarus, Russia and to some extent over Scandinavia and Europe.
The effects of radiation exposure fall into two main classes: deterministic effects, where the effect is certain to occur under given conditions and stochastic effects, where the effect may or may not occur.
The plant operators' town of Pripyat was evacuated on 27 April (45,000 residents). By 14 May, some 116,000 people that had been living within a 30-kilometre radius had been evacuated and later relocated. About 1000 of these returned unofficially to live within the contaminated zone. Most of those evacuated received radiation doses of less than 50 mSv, although a few received 100 mSv or more.
Several organisations have reported on the impacts of the Chernobyl accident, but all have had problems assessing the significance of their observations because of the lack of reliable public health information before 1986.
In 1989, the World Health Organization (WHO) first raised concerns that local medical scientists had incorrectly attributed various biological and health effects to radiation exposureg. Between March 1990 and June 1991, a total of 50 field missions were conducted by 200 experts from 25 countries and seven organisations. Significant health disorders were evident in both control and exposed groups, but, at that stage, none was radiation related.
In February 2003, the Chernobyl Forum, in cooperation with seven UN organisations as well as the competent authorities of Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine, was established. In April 2005, the reports prepared by two expert groups – "Environment"and "Health", coordinated by WHO – were intensively discussed by the Forum. The conclusions of this 2005 Chernobyl Forum study are in line with earlier expert studies, notably the UNSCEAR 2000 report which said that "apart from this [thyroid cancer] increase, there is no evidence of a major public health impact attributable to radiation exposure 14 years after the accident. There is no scientific evidence of increases in overall cancer or mortality that could be related to radiation exposure." As yet there is little evidence of any increase in leukaemia, even among clean-up workers where it might be most expected. However, these workers – where high doses may have been received – remain at increased risk of cancer in the long term.
The Chernobyl Forum report says that people in the area have suffered a paralysing fatalism due to myths and misperceptions about the threat of radiation, which has contributed to a culture of chronic dependency. Some "took on the role of invalids." Mental health coupled with smoking and alcohol abuse is a very much greater problem than radiation, but worst of all at the time was the underlying level of health and nutrition.
A particularly sad effect of the accident was that some physicians in Europe advised pregnant women to undergo abortions on account of radiation exposure, even though the levels concerned were vastly below those likely to have teratogenic effects. The foetal death toll from this is likely very much greater than directly from the accident.
The feasibility of agriculture will be examined in areas where the presence of caesium-137 and strontium-90 is low, "to acquire new knowledge in the fields of radiobiology and radioecology in order to clarify the principles of safe life in the contaminated territories." Land found to have too high a concentration of radionuclides will be reforested and managed. A suite of protective measures is to be set up to allow a new forestry industry whose products would meet national and international safety standards. In April 2009, specialists in Belarus stressed that it is safe to eat all foods cultivated in the contaminated territories, though intake of some wild food was restricted.
Protective measures will be put in place for 498 settlements in the contaminated areas where average radiation dose may exceed 1 mSv per year. There are also about 1904 villages with annual average effective doses from the pollution between 0.1 mSv and 1 mSv.
Many other international programmes were initiated following Chernobyl. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safety review projects for each particular type of Soviet reactor are noteworthy, bringing together operators and Western engineers to focus on safety improvements. These initiatives are backed by funding arrangements. The Nuclear Safety Assistance Coordination Centre database lists Western aid totalling almost US$1 billion for more than 700 safety-related projects in former Eastern Bloc countries. The Convention on Nuclear Safety adopted in Vienna in June 1994 is another outcome.
The Chernobyl Forum report said that some seven million people are now receiving or eligible for benefits as 'Chernobyl victims', which means that resources are not targeting the needy few percent of them.
Literature.
1. Jaworowski, Z., Chernobyl Proportions - Editorial. Chernobyl Accident: Regional and Global Impacts. Special Issue of Environment International. Guest Editor Zbigniew Jaworowski, 1988. 14(2): p. 69-73.
2. Becker, K. Ten years after Chernobyl. In ANS/ENS Conference 1996, Washington D.C. Nov. 10-14, 1996.
3. Ron, E., J. Lubin, and A.B. Schneider, Thyroid cancer incidence. Nature, 1992. 360: p. 113.
UDC [631.17.00.7:633]=111
PLANT-GROWING INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT
Mymrik Y.U., post-graduate student, “Economics and Business” department.
Tebenko V.M., scientific supervisor – Cand. Econ. Sc., associate professor
Karaieva T.V., English language advisor – Cand .Ped. Sc., associate professor
The article describes the current status of the field crop conclusions on innovative agricultural development and upgrading of crop production.
The progress of the agro-industrial complex is the key to successful economic development of the state as well as the steady functioning of the agriculture on the basis of science and technology achievements. Effective development of plant growing branch under modern conditions requires constant revealing and introducing of new technologies, improvement of economic relations between manufacturers and consumers of scientific products, formation of such a policy for agro-industrial complex development that is being based on the major provisions for transition of the country economy to innovative development. Nowadays the problem of scientific and technical progress in agriculture has been moved aside because of difficult economic situation, and innovative activity has been brought down. In this connection the development of the mechanisms for economic stimulation such as innovative projects necessitates their working out and introducing into production [1, p. 64].
One of decisive and effective factors for plant growing branch crisis management is the accelerated development of scientific and technical progress achievements along with best practices introduction. Under new economic conditions it is necessary to develop the strategy of mass development of scientific research in the agrarian sector of economy, aiming at conservation, ecological safety, high quality of production, production costs reduction [2, p. 17].
The realization of these plans becomes possible due to branch innovative processes activation, creating favorable conditions for developers and consumers of innovations, innovative activity organization and management methods improvement. However, effective implementation of industry-leading innovations is being complicated by underdevelopment of innovation infrastructure and unsatisfactory financial situation of most domestic producers [2, p. 22].
The process of innovation in crop production should be understood as the system of activities as for conducting the complex of scientific research and implementations for innovations carrying out, their development for maximizing revenue and enhancing the competitiveness of crop production on the basis of unit costs lowering and improving crop production quality providing rapid economic growth and expended industry reproduction [3, p. 9].
During the period of 2009-2011 years 2181 enterprises were engaged in innovative activities (i.e. 21.1% of total number of enterprises having been surveyed), which makes up 3.9% more than for the period of 2007-2009. The share of realized innovative products being new to the market of Ukraine made up 41.1% of total volume of innovative products having been realized or 1.6% of industrial (in 2010 it made up 32.6% and 1.3% accordingly)[1, p. 38].
The innovation process at the plant should be understood as a system of measures for conducting complex research and development to create innovations and their introduction in order to maximize revenue and improve competitiveness of crop production based on reducing unit costs and improving its quality to ensure accelerated economic growth and expanded reproduction in branch [1, p. 43].
The impact of the positive factors on dynamics degree and innovative development of agriculture, in particular, crop growing sectors are being revealed in such areas as: breeding and introducing new high-yielding plant varieties possessing economic indications; progressive industrial technologies working out and implementing as well as new machinery providing plant growing production transferring to innovative basis [3, p. 16].
Thus, the organizational and economic mechanism of development for innovative processes concerning plant growing sectors deals with the goals and objectives having been set for their development underlying in permanent organizational and economic, technical and technological renewal of crop production taking into account achievements of science and technology as well as world experience.
References.
1. Krasnokutska N.V. Innovative Management / N.V. Krasnokutska // Guide. - K.: MBK, 2003.
2. Osovska G.V. Fundamentals of Management / G.V. Osovska // Guide for high school students. - K.: "Condor", 2003.
3. Integrated Evaluation of Efficiency Innovation Enterprise. [Е - resource]. - Режим доступу: http://lib.lntu.info/books/fb/pesp/2012/12-40/page17.html
УДК 378.147.88
STAGES AGRICOLES À L’ÉTRANGER COMME LA GARANTIE DE LA PROMOTION PROFESSIONNELLE DES ÉTUDIANTS ET DE JEUNES DIPLÔMÉS DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE TAVRIA
Pavlenko Andriy, gr.41, « Agronomie », faculté des technologies agraires et de l’écologie.
Vynogradova M. S., maître-assistant de la chaire des langues étrangères
Dans un article donné on examine les possibilités des étudiants de passer les stages agricoles à l’étranger pour la construction de leur carrière professionnelle. On présente un exemple des stages de niveaux différents pour les étudiants et les promus de l’Université agrotechnologique de Tavria en France.
У статті розглянуто можливості закордонних сільськогосподарських стажувань студентів для професійного зростання майбутніх фахівців. Наведено приклади стажувань різного рівня для випускників ТДАТУ у Франції.
Durant la scolarité, chaque étudiant de l’université agraire doit effectuer un stage de production dans les entreprises agricoles en Ukraine ou à l’étranger, car c’est la partie intégrante de la formation supérieure. On sait que notre université a des relations de coopération avec la Fédération Échanges France - Ukraine (FEFU) qui déploit largement les activités, menant les étudiants et les professeurs des établissements agraires vers une intégration dans l’Europe. Les stages ont comme objectif principal de faciliter l'accès aux savoir-faire artisanaux, artistiques et agricoles, par la pratique.
Selon le programme proposé par cette Fédération les étudiants peuvent faire le stage agricole d’été dans les exploitations françaises et les entreprises franco-ukrainiennes. Les stages s’effectuent d’après trois niveaux et aident les stagiaires à programmer leur réussite dans le développement du secteur agricole et agroalimentaire.
Le premier niveau c’est la découverte de la vie sociale et professionnelle pendant deux ou trois mois: l’introduction culturelle dans le mode de vie des familles françaises, des agriculteurs, dans la culture et les traditions des paysans français. Ce sont aussi des programmes des visites professionnelles et culturelles.
Le deuxième niveau comprend deux mois en immersion dans un centre de gestion, un cabinet de comptable, une coopérative, une banque. Il est un peu plus compliqué, car il prévoit la pratique dans une entreprise selon la spécialité.
Et le stage du troisième niveau, c’est la formation dans un établissement d’enseignement supérieur, une école d’ingénieurs ou tout autre cursus de 3-e cycle et l'obtention d'un diplôme international avec la perspective de trouver un emploi de très haut niveau.
Tous les stages sont en même temps les stages linguistiques, car les étudiants se perfectionnent en français dans les familles d’accueil françaises. Les stages en Ukraine dans une entreprise se font à la fin des études, ce sont des stages de pré-integration.
Une telle possibilité du passage des stages pratiques agricoles à l'étranger est très utile pour les étudiants des universités agraires. Cela permet aux étudiants de développer une vision du monde, choisir une approche moderne de la résolution des problèmes, de prendre des initiatives, d'apprendre les dernières technologies modernes utilisées dans la plupart des pays développés, d’enrichir leurs connaissances et d'établir des relations internationales. Les étudiants sont très reconnaissants à la politique étrangère qui prévoit la coopération et l’intégration des étudiants ukrainiens à l’éducation internationale.
L'été dernier, j'ai passé le stage pratique agricole du premier niveau en France. La pratique de production à l’étranger, donne aux étudiants un grand avantage comme pour les futurs spécialistes. Ces compétences pratiques obtenues pendant les stages dans les fermes, les exploitations et les grandes entreprises françaises sont largement utilisées dans le travail aux entreprises nationales. Le stage en entreprise agricole permet au stagiaire de compléter sa formation technique et pratique à l’université, de comprendre mieux son fonctionnement, des relations avec l’extérieur, son organisation interne, de voir de ses propres yeux de nouvelles technologies d’avant-gardes. Un séjour en entreprise est parfois déterminant pour la vie professionnelle. C’est une vraie garantie du succès, de la promotion professionnelle des promus de l’université.
Après le stage à l’étranger le stagiaire devient un vrai professionnel du savoir-faire concerné qui a envie de faire partager ses connaissances, de les transmettre à ses compagnons.
Et bien, on peut dire que les étudiants avec cette expérience excellente et les compétences acquises à l’étranger ont des possibilités plus immenses de la meilleure préparation à la vie active, de la promotion dans leurs futurs emplois et de l’adaptation la plus rapide dans le monde moderne.
Список літератури:
http://www.studyrama.com/international/etudier-a-l-etranger/mathematiques-44657
http://www.directetudiant.com/theme/stage/a-l-etranger
http://expat.org/etudiant-a-letranger/index.html
http://www.expat.org/scolarite/placement-detudiant-en-sejour-linguistique/index.html
http://www.cpcuasso.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26&Itemid=98
http://www.fefu.org/default.asp?voirpage=FEFU/La-FEFU.html
УДК 621.396.6 =111
THE IMPACT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION FROM HOME APPLIANCES ON HEALTH
Semendyayev Oleksandr, student of 23 group, Power Engineering faculty, TSATU
Velcheva O.I., English language advisor
В статті розглянуто вплив електромагнітного випромінювання від побутових електроприладів на здоров’я людини та наведено рекомендації щодо ряду запобіжних дій щодо зменшення та усунення негативного впливу електромагнітного випромінювання.
There is an opinion that household appliances make people lives easier. But is it really true? We use a lot of thing in our everyday life even not to think about the health risks and how safe they are for us.
The modern technologies used today emit electromagnetic radiation that affect human health and change the environment. This problem is of a great concern both scientists and engineers. A lot of researches were conducted and the results of them sometimes were inconsistent.
Hall Joe, the founder of Clarus Systems in San Clemente California, considers that “electromagnetic radiation has two components: a weak electrical field and a strong magnetic field. The electrical field, for example from your computer, goes out maybe one or two inches. This shows up as static, or positive ions, and attracts dust to your screen. Actually, both the electric and magnetic fields are full of random sub-particles, but the stronger field, the magnetic field travels at right angles to the magnetic field and goes out typically 10 or 20 times as far. The magnetic field affects us more strongly, and passes through virtually all materials; it goes through things like lead very easily. So if you have a screen in front of your computer to protect yourself from radiation, it's not protecting you at all from the magnetic field even though it may be called an "anti-rad" screen, but only from the electrical field” .[1]
An electromagnetic field is set up by all household appliances, so if we are near these appliances ( cellular phones, microwave ovens, computers etc) we are exposed to electromagnetic waves which are harmful for our health. It is proved that “all living systems are based on electromagnetic energy and it means that every cell in human’s body is generating an electromagnetic field”.[1] It also should pay attention to neurons, the cells of nervous system, interact to each other due to their inner electromagnetic radiation, when impulses are sent to the brain. But outside radiation, e.g. from a computer monitor, change their activity. There is another negative factor of electromagnetic radiation: absorption of electromagnetic radiation can lead to heating of tissues and in turn it influences on metabolic process and cells division. All these process will result in various disease ( cancer, leukemia, blood disorders, cataracts, birth defects) and dysfunction of different organs.
Electromagnetic fields both from industrial plants and household appliances created new environment for people. People’s health is greatly influenced by as high power lines as electric clock put near bed. People never think about the fact that electric clock next to their heads could be emitting a magnetic field of 5 to 10mG- the EMF equivalent of an electric power line. When we switch on the light we should know that fluorescent lights create a higher level of EMFs than incandescent bulbs because a typical fluorescent tube may have a reading of 160 to 200 mG at 1 inch away. It is unexpectedly but even hair dryers can be dangerous that’s why “experts recommend hair dryers not be used on children, because fields that strong can damage rapidly developing brain and young nervous systems”.[2]
Television and computer are the most popular household appliances that influence on human’s life, because time that human spends in front of the screen of TV or computer monitor is too much. So long-term and regular follow up the blinking image on the screen leads to nervous and bodily fatigue of organism and can injure it. Overwork and radiation from the screen were the main reasons why the strict time limits were applied in many highly developed countries. To lessen the harm from the monitor the quality of it is constantly improved. Unfortunately, working with monitor is as harmful as smoking. People who spend about four hours in front of TV every day shorten their lives more than a quarter. So meaningless waste of time leads to disorientation of people in real life.
Speaking about children it should pay attention to the fact that they are more sensitive to radiation from TV and computer. But their enthusiasm of watching TV programs or playing computer games result in poor sight, fatigue and communication problems with age-mates.
There are some rules for reducing radiation namely: replace the old monitor for new one with minimum level of exposure ( e.g. LCD monitor), air a room more often and don’t put a computer near a bed.
Microwave ovens are designed to use microwaves which provide thermal energy, creating heat in moist food or tissue placed in the oven. The latest models of microwave ovens are highly protected by special housing in a case and gasket around the oven’s door, so it makes them quite safe, but it is noticed that radiation leakage can create an unsafe condition. Microwave ovens should be used no more than five years because the protection system for RF radiation becomes weaker. [4]
Special attention should be paid to the object that nobody can imagine his or her life without it -cell phone. People use cell phones for business, or formal, and informal communication, searching the Internet, listening to music and watching films. But recent time more and more people start to think of harmful influence of these gadgets, studying the specific researches on this topic. Cell phones emit double electromagnetic radiation: from antenna and a phone body that make them especially dangerous. Using cell phones we keep them very close to a head even don’t think that radiation penetrates up to 3 cm into our brains. Everyone notices that cell phones heat and in turn it results in heating of biological tissue, that’s why we should limit the use of cell phones and speak through the headphones instead of holding cell phones near ear. If people want to have good sleep they don’t have to put cell phones near bed. All these advices given below help to be healthy as long as possible. [5]
In conclusion we should say that electrical appliances differ greatly in the strength of fields they generate. [3] It means that the greater distance from the appliances the less influence both electric and magnetic field of them. Ali Zamanian and Cy Hardiman consider that “ no evidence exists regarding any harmful effects resulting from exposure to typical levels of RF and EMF radiation. However, everyone should be aware that exposure to such radiation may not be completely safe at certain power levels and frequencies. It is always a good idea to avoid unnecessary radiation exposure whenever possible. EMR exposure at the highest frequencies (X-Rays, Gamma rays) is a source of serious biological damage”. [4]
References.
1. Hall Joe. The negative effect of electromagnetic fields. Интернет –ресурс: http://www.consumerhealth.org/articles/display.cfm?ID=19990303201129
2. http://www.safespaceprotection.com/electrostress-from-home-appliances.aspx
3. http://www.who.int/peh-emf/about/WhatisEMF/en/index3.htm
4. Ali Zamanian, Cy Hardiman. Electromagnetic Radiation and Human Health: A Review of Sources and Effects.
Интернет –ресурс: http://ee.iku.edu.tr/icourses/ee202_52/projects/proje3.pdf
5. http://www.safespaceprotection.com/harmful-effects-electromagnetic-fields.aspx
6. http://medtalk.ru/vozdejstvie-elektropriborov-na-organizm-cheloveka
UDC 631.152=111
ECONOMIC SUBSTANTIATION OF FARM DECISIONS
Sergeyeva N.O., post-graduate student, “Economics and Business”department
Tibenko V.M ., Scientific supervisor, Cand. of Ec. Sc.,associate professor
Karaieva T.V., English language advisor, Cand. Ped. Sc., associate professor
Essential characteristics of economic decisions as well as the importance of farm decisions working out and choosing the most effective ones for the enterprise functioning have been given in the article.
Effective enterprise and farm organizations operation, sustainable rates of their work and competitiveness under present economic conditions are mainly defined by the level of management and efficiency of the chosen decisions. Taking into account the factors mentioned defines the urgency for researching the problem under consideration.
The purpose of the article is finding out the most suitable criteria in decision-making under conditions of uncertainty as well to analyze methods for risks decreasing.
For choosing the optimum strategy under situation of uncertainty the following criteria are used:
1. Weald’s criterion (the rule a max - min.) is guided by the best from the worst results.
2. The rule max-max is a criterion of optimism at which no possible result except the best are taken into attention.
3. The criterion of Sevidzha – this criterion is characterized by an extreme careful (pessimistic) position to possible losses due to the lack of authentic data on what of the situations influencing economic result, will take place in a certain case.
4. Gurvits's criterion is the weighed position of "pessimism - optimism".
5. Laplace's criterion - gives opportunity to separate the best option if any from conditions has no essential advantage.
The very notion of “economic decision” is being understood as the result of analysis, forecasting, optimization of an economic verification and an alternative choice from a set of options for achievement a specific goal of the enterprise.
Economic decisions are the result of complicated systematic human work. They should be optimal, effective and bring to certain expected result.
Their essence is being displayed in certain aspects that testify the impact of these decisions on economic, legislative organizational and technological interests of the enterprise.
In the course of functioning many subjects of entrepreneurship are being effected by many factors: social and political, administrative and legislative, productive, commercial, financial and others. The matter is that the high level of competitive environment makes each executive to pay attention to effectiveness in decision making. It is connected with future situations development, getting ultimate results from economic operations, but it is difficult to predict all mentioned operations as decision making at all managerial levels in economics being made under conditions of uncertainty in development, problems of exact predicting in certain events, not full or even false information being at the disposal. In reality it is impossible to overcome in business activity this uncertainty as it is the element of objective reality.
The above mentioned conditions of uncertainty are in the focus of research and observation of economists and experts of other spheres.
Nowadays the expert in economics taking into account possible coming changes creates the innovative field that could provide the sustainability of the enterprise as social and economic system.
However, as well as all other resources, information limited, therefore the majority of decisions is accepted under conditions of incomplete awareness and thus decision-making consequences bring to uncertainty of results that, in its turn, results to risks.
Uncertainty is being understood as impossibility to assess future succession of events, both from the point of view of probability of their realization, and from the point of view of the type of their manifestation.
Risk is a threat of loss by the enterprise of the part of its resources, income or emergence in additional expenses as a result of implementation of certain activities.
On the basis of the information given above it should be concluded that:
- the process of adoption of economic decisions is closely connected with uncertainty that brings risks;
- the higher level of responsibility the decisions have, the smaller the economic risk is.
References.
1. Клименко С.М., Дуброва О.С. Обґрунтування господарських рішень та оцінка ризику . Навч. метод. Посібник для сам. вивч. дисц. / С.М Клименко, О.С. Дуброва. – К.: КНЕУ, 2006. – 188с.
2. Покропивний С.Ф. Економіка підприємства: Підручник / С.Ф. Покропивний. – К.: КНЕУ, 2001. - 528с.
3. Машина Н.І. Економічний ризик і методи його вимірювання : Навч. Посібник / Н.І. Машина. – К.: Центр навч. Літератури, 2003. – 188с.
УДК 32.973.2-018
DEVELOPMENT OF AN INFORMATION MODEL OF RECYCLING WATER SYSTEM OPERATION INTENSIFICATION
Shelygina Iryna, 11 MB IT
Symonenko S.V., English language advisor
The article deals with the basic aspects and prerequisites for development of information support of recycling systems through mathematical modeling of separate components of the process.
У статті розглянуті основні аспекти та передумови розробки інформаційної підтримки систем зворотного водопостачання через математичне моделювання окремих компонентів процесу.
Topicality of the problem. Due to worsening of water quality in almost all regions of the country protection of water bodies it is an important and urgent issue. It is known, that the major cause of water pollution is dropping untreated and insufficiently treated industrial and domestic sewage.
Researchers have shown quite conclusively that in Ukraine the development of information support of water supply manufacturing processes is just beginning to form, because earlier attention was focused only on process automation and industrial control.
Main research points. An effective solution for achieving increased reliability of recycling water systems based on environmental safety is considered to be associated with the revision of methodological approaches to the arrangement and operation of recycling systems.
The objective of our research work is to provide the conditions for the development of an information model of circulating water systems
To achieve this objective it is necessary to solve the following tasks:
1. To identify the ways of improvement of the information model of return water systems
2. To substantiate the mathematical form of evaluation of circulating water system operation
Industrial companies, due to objective conditions can not always materially influence on the circulating water systems. During the formation of information supply measures one of the main requirements is compliance with determination uniqueness of ways of recirculating water system intensification.
The scheme of design and implementation plan for the intensification of recycling systems is shown in Figure 1.
Practical implementation of information products of existing purification systems, quality control, waste water and sludge disposal must be carried out on the basis of computer technology.
Fig. 1. Scheme of design and implementation plan for the intensification of recycling systems
1 - full analysis of all existing data and constituent units of recycling systems;
2 - making rational and effective decision on the intensification of the water recycling system;
3 - design solution for water recycling system operation;
4 - system of sewage treatment;
5 - quality assessment of wastewater treatment;
6 - processing of sludge, formed during wastewater treatment;
7 - search and decision-making for highly efficient intensification of the recycling water systems;
8 - adjustment of initial conditions and results of research and technological conditions;
9 - implementation of the results into the production
Special programs that allow not just to control the relevant parameters and characteristics of the water solution, but also manage the process in real time, have to be developed. Tasks to be solved include:
- optimization of the chemical component complex to improve the efficiency of sewage treatment;
- determine hydrological and mechanical parameters for assessing the quality of wastewater treatment;
- optimization of sludge content for further recycling and environmental decontamination.
Conclusion. This problem is a very complex issue but it seems that software has to solve the following problems in water supply system operation:
1. Quantitative and qualitative composition of chemical components in relation to hexavalent chromium in wastewater treatment has been optimized.
2. Hydrological and mechanical parameters of water solution particle, which have been defined, can provide qualitative assessment of processes for wastewater treatment.
3. Optimization of the thermal and physical properties of sewage sludge allows to determine the ways of their use and measures for protection of the environment.
UDC [(631.155.2:658.8):633.1.(411)]=111
GRAIN MARKET OPPORTUNITIES IN UKRAINE
Stetsun T., post-graduate student, “Economics and Business” department.
Zavads’kyh G.M., Scientific supervisor, Cand. of Ec. Sc., associate professor.
Karaieva T.V. English language advisor, Cand. of Ped. Sc., associate professor.
Grain market opportunities in Ukraine have been highlighted in the article as well as the category “grain market opportunities” has been defined.
Farm market opportunities whether it is a branch or specific commodity market represents the current state of certain economic system being formed at any moment under the impact of subjective or objective factors or the reasons due to which this or that market situation at a certain time period is being created.
One of the major purposes of market studying is to analyze the interrelation between supply and demand for products at present-day market taking into account the possibilities to forecast these market parameters in future. Concerning the above mentioned problems of market opportunities researching and forecasting as an economic business, reflecting both farm mechanism functioning in whole and certain commodity market opportunities, become more important than ever. Agrarian market opportunities (including grain crops) is a combination and interaction of macro-and microeconomic indices, combined with political, social and economic, scientific and technical, climatic and other factors reflecting the economic situation and location of the oversea and domestic markets for this or that kind of agricultural produce for a certain period of time [3].
Market opportunities are being a complex notion effecting both the factors of market mechanism and state regulation possessing subjective and objective features.
Agro-industrial complex functions on the basis of social cooperation and labor distribution under which various internal as well as inter-branch connections are being formed. Agriculture operates on the basis of social cooperation and division of labor, which formed a variety of domestic and cross-ties [1].
As it was noted by M.Ya.Demianenko, J.J. Luzan, P.T. Sabluk, V.M. Skupy, H.I. Zub and others market opportunities is the form of development for the system of factors and conditions, defining the interrelation between supply and demand, price-level and competitiveness in the market.
Know-how and taking into account market opportunities by manufacturers is an essential condition for timely decision-making as well as reaching success in the market [2].
Grain crops market opportunities indicate that grain production sector is being in the depleted state due to investments reducing for providing principal means reproduction to ensure the simple reproduction needed innovative technologies introduction for grain growing, its storing and corresponding to standards requirements.
Non-regulated market opportunities of present grain market makes up a serious financial situation for many producers resulting grain production quality lowering as well as demand for cereal crop seeds in the country regions.
Over the last 15 years the average level of grain production in the country made up 35 million tons and grain production per capita ranged from 424 kg to 982 kg.
According to the data given by S. Zinchenko the decisive factors in the world market for the period of 20011/12 years were:
- unfavorable weather conditions reduced to grain production in Ukraine;
- record reduction of wheat resources in the world;
- leaving by Ukraine wheat and barley export market.
Efficient development of seed market cereals is also being retarded by that 90 % of the seeds of higher reproduction cereals having been realized in a very short time, being not reasonably substantiated as for defining the optimal pricing and related costs for seed cereals producing.
References.
Агропромисловий комплекс України: стан, тенденції та перспективи розвитку. /За ред. П.Т. Саблука та ін. – К.: ІАЕ, 2000. – 601 с.
Андрійчук В. Г. Економіка аграрного підприємства. Навчально-методичний посібник / В. Г. Андрійчук. — К.: КНЕУ, 2000. — 355 с.
Конаев В.К. Интенсификация и эффективность сельского хазяйства / В.К. Конаев. – М.: Агропромиздат, 2001. – 118 с.
УДК [ 316.35 ]=111
GENDER POLICY IN UKRAINE
Tonkih V. E. 12 Ecol, ATE Faculty
Kravets O.O. English language advisor
У статті розглядаються права та можливості участі жінки у житті сучасного суспільства. Наведені дані соціологічного опитування студенів ТДАТУ.
The gender stereotypes that prevail in the Ukrainian society cause the disadvantageous position of women in the politics, on the labor market and in other spheres. The occurrence of sexism in the advertisements and mass media aggravates and strengthens the idea of passivity, subordination, dependence and defendlessness of women before men.
The purpose of our article is to analyze the attitude to women’s rights in our country, to explain what is a gender policy in a whole, and to show the results of the poll which was hold among the students of TSATU ; and finally to talk about the measures which can change the situation in this question. So, gender policy is a policy which aims to give women and men equal rights and opportunities in all spheres of public and private life. Gender politics is always a reflection of the specific social and cultural reality.
The principle of equal rights of women and men is stipulated in the Constitution of Ukraine. Specifically, Article 24 guarantees equal rights and opportunities to all citizens and prohibits restrictions on grounds of gender. Article 24 states: “Equality of the rights of women and men is ensured by providing women with opportunities equal to those of men, in public and political, and cultural activity, in obtaining education and in professional training, in work and its payment.”
By regret, the situation in our country is not always complying with the Constitution. Discrimination against women and the violation of their rights are observed in all areas of society.
According to the data of the Department of Civil Service in Ukraine, in the legislature we can find only 5.1 percent of women, among the heads of central and local executive bodies - 7 percent, among the owners of the largest Corporate Business structures there are no women at all, among the owners of small and medium businesses there are 20 percent of women.
Women's wages are almost at 30% less than men’s one. It is very difficult to find a job for women, because the employer gives the preference to men. The media highlights the stereotypical image of women and men.
The opinion poll which was hold among the students of TSATU showed the ambiguous result. Here they are:
Questions |
men |
women |
Can men and women receive the same salary for the same work? |
84% |
100 |
Can women held a leading position in management? |
86% |
100 |
Do you think that the work results depend upon the sex of the person? |
78% |
21% |
Can women be more educated than men? |
91% |
100 |
Do women think that men limit their rights? |
70% |
65% |
If a man and a woman are the co-owners of business, can they work together without any serious conflicts? |
100% |
100 |
Should there be an equal share of men and women in Supreme Council? |
28% |
45% |
Can women be the President of Ukraine? |
35% |
100 |
As you can see the men of our university have standard opinion. They do not think that women must have the equal rights with men. We find discrimination in the questions of salary, leading position in business, education, and politics.
By the way, Ukrainian scientist’s research has found that gender policy causes physical and psychological harm to women as well as men. In the men’s blood the level of testosterone steadily decline, and in the blood of women increase, but the most interesting thing that psycho-emotional behavior of women is becoming more aggressive, and men’s behavior becomes mild. Scientists predict that in the next millennium gender differences at the biological level will be minimized.
For the first time in the history of independent Ukraine, the issue of gender equality is reflected in the activities of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine in 2003 in section 2.2. "Creating conditions for the full harmonious development of man”, then the President of Ukraine issued a decree in 2005 "On improvement of central and local executive bodies on ensuring equal rights and opportunities for women and men" and Supreme Council of Ukraine in 2005 adopted the Law of Ukraine "On ensuring equal rights and opportunities for women and men."
These were the first steps aimed at acknowledging of women’s rights. We think that changes must be started in the family. The great attention to this problem has to be paid by mass media and culture.
Equality between men and women is an integral part of human rights; it is also a prerequisite of democracy and social justice.
Список літератури.
http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2004/0157/analit04.php
http://2000.net.ua/2000/derzhava/obschestvo/42604
http://health-ua.com/articles/1585.html
UDC 631.164 =111
AGRARIAN ENTERPRISES PRICING POLICY PECULIARITIES
Tsiupka K.A., post-graduate student, “Economics and Business” department
Boltianska L.A ., scientific supervisor, Cand. Ec. Sc., associate professor
Karaieva T.V. English language advisor, Cand.Ped. Sc., associate professor.
Peculiarities of pricing at the agrarian enterprises including the factors effecting and defining them, such as state regulations, applying integrated pricing methodology being based on the producer price concept, the necessity of state support have been considered in the article.
Price is one of the major tools for income distribution as well as raising the effectiveness of agrarian production. Pricing in agrarian sector has its own peculiarities among which it is necessary to distinguish cost, high production expenditures, the need of state support as well as the need of following the equivalence principle in the exchange between industry and agrarian sector; great seasonal gap between current capital investment and income acquisition.
In the course of years of transitional period for Ukraine to market economy the price disparity has been formed not in favor of agriculture.
According the law of Ukraine "On prices and pricing" (from December, 1990) with further changes and amendments, new with market aspiration principles of price politics are stopped up in that, where the pricing principles for market economy have been formulated, the demand to keep the objective interrelations in prices both for industrial and agrarian products had been set in order to provide the equivalence of exchange.
Price policy should be realized under market conditions on the basis of the free pricing being combined with state regulations applying the integrated pricing methodology based on the producer price concept. Aggregate value as well as the price for agrarian products are being defined by manufacturing environment having comparatively worse conditions as for plots fertility and location related to the market and, consequently, worse abilities for marketing [3].
The price for the products being produced at the plots having worse conditions should cover the production expenditures, renting and getting profit.
Another pricing factor, being not less important among agrarian producers, is state support in agrarian products price, requiring, in its turn, considerable investments. The effective means of state regulation of prices is introduction of mortgage prices. They are fixed and being established by the state. To define them one need to base on the target prices providing obtaining by agrarian products producers the target income [2].
The equivalence in this case is being used as a variety of balanced inter-branch exchange between industrial and agricultural production. In the countries having market economy the prices for industrial and agricultural products, in the sphere of turnover are being determined mainly on the basis of the law of demand and supply. Price changes for agricultural produce presuppose conditions for strengthening their disparity during short-term period provided the increase of sale volumes of agricultural produce [1].
Various means for stabilizing agrarian products prices are being used in the world practice, in particular, such means as prices balancing for a year for stabilizing producers profit; seasonal price stabilizing; annual price adjustment to control inflation as well as leveling export profit to stabilize budget taking [4].
It is reasonable to define the price for products of agrarian producers taking into account the normative indices for cost price, marketing expenditures, renting plots and property; administrative, financial and other expenses of current activities having at least 5-6% rate of profit [2].
On the basis of pricing peculiarities analysis having been made in agrarian sector it should be mentioned that the principle approach for price mechanism improvement in agro-industrial complex is the complex one for pricing at all the stages of realizing cycle; gradual transition from regulated to free process under active state control for proving equivalent exchange between industrial and agrarian products; gradual approaching of internal prices to world market price that will enable to increase functioning efficiency not only agrarian producers but the country in whole.
References.
1. Корнєв Л.В. Функціональні аспекти цінової політики підприємства / Л.В. Корнєв // Вісник Полтавського державного сільськогосподарського інституту. – 2000. - №4. - С. 77-79.
2. Макаренко П.М. Цінова політика як фактор підвищення дохідності аграрного виробництва в умовах Світової організації торгівлі / П.М. Макаренко // Економіка АПК. - 2008. №5. - С. 44-48.
3. Олійник О. В., Олійник Т. І. Паритет цін і його рух / О. В. Олійник, Т. І. Олійник // Економіка АПК. – 2006. №8. - С. 114-119.
4. Червен І. І. Аграрний ринок вимагає зваженої цінової політики / І. І. Червен // Економіка АПК. - 2007. - №3. - С. 99-104.
УДК 331:005.95/.96
SOME WAYS TO RAISE EMPLOYEES' MOTIVATION
Tushko Karina, faculty of economics and business, group 11 MB EP
Polikarpova Yu.O., Cand. Phil. Sc., Assoc. Prof.
The article deals with the problem of effective employees' motivation. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivating factors are considered. The latest trends in this motivation theory development are outlined.
У статті розглянуто проблему ефективної мотивації працівників. Проаналізовано фактори внутрішньої та зовнішньої мотивації. Окреслено останні тенденції у розвитку теорії мотивації.
Relevance of the research. Employee motivation is the level of energy, commitment, and creativity that a company's workers apply to their jobs. In the increasingly competitive business environment of recent years, finding ways to motivate employees has become a pressing concern for many managers. In fact, a number of different theories and methods of employee motivation have emerged, ranging from monetary incentives to increased involvement and empowerment [1, p.5].
Motivation is a necessary element in everybody's life, and can be one of the most crucial aspects in achieving goals by young specialists.
The objective of this research is to demonstrate the trends in employee motivation in the 21st century.
Results and discussions. Abraham Maslow states that people are motivated by a hierarchy of needs and that each person is motivated differently. These motivational needs range from safety and psychological needs to love and belonging needs. At the top of those needs is self-actualization where a person can achieve his full potential [2, p. 15].
Companies must recognize that everyone is motivated differently and must seek many ways to motivate employees. The employers should figure out how to inspire employee motivation at work. To create a work environment in which an employee is motivated about work the employers have to consider both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Employee motivation is the combination of fulfilling the employee's needs and expectations from work and the workplace factors.
Turner and Lawrence suggest that there are three basic characteristics of a "motivating" job:
It must allow a worker to feel personally responsible for a meaningful portion of the work accomplished. An employee must feel that his or her contributions were important in accomplishing the company's tasks.
It must provide outcomes which have intrinsic meaning to the individual. The results of an employee's work must have value to him or her and to others in the organization.
It must provide the employee with the feedback about his or her accomplishments. An appreciation or a constructive critique of the work performed is crucial to a worker's improvement [2, p. 60].
Researchers emphasize that employees can be motivated by: their ability to impact decisions; setting clear and measurable goals; clear responsibility for a complete task; job enrichment; recognition for achievement; belonging to the team; receiving timely information and communication; understanding management's formulas for decision making; meeting participation opportunities; opportunity for growth and development (education and training; career paths; team participation; succession planning; cross-training; and field trips to successful workplaces); leadership skills development, etc.
An effective employee motivation program can include:
Empowerment. Giving employees more responsibility and decision-making authority increases their realm of control over the tasks for which they are held responsible and better equips them to carry out those tasks.
Creativity and innovation. The power to create motivates employees and benefits the organization in having a more flexible work force, using more wisely the experience of its employees, and increasing the exchange of ideas and information among employees and departments.
Learning. Accreditation and licensing programs for employees are an increasingly popular and effective way to bring about growth in employee knowledge and motivation.
Quality of life. Companies that have instituted flexible employee arrangements have gained motivated employees whose productivity has increased.
Monetary incentive. For all the championing of alternative motivators, money still occupies a major place in the mix of motivators. The sharing of a company's profits gives incentive to employees to produce a quality product, perform a quality service, or improve the quality of a process within the company.
Others incentives. Proven nonmonetary positive motivators foster team spirit and include recognition, responsibility, and advancement [1].
The conclusion can be made that the importance of employee motivation lies in the fact that an unmotivated workforce will inevitably result in lower productivity, lower staff retention and more sickness absence – all of which can cost a company a lot of money.
References.
Guide to Motivating Employees. – Boulder: University of Colorado, 2012. – 30 p.
Miner J.B. Organizational behavior 4: From theory to practice. – N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe Inc., 2007. – 399 p.
UDC 631.115.2=111
GRAIN AND FOOD SUB-COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT
STRATEGY IN UKRAINE
Vlasenko A.G., post-graduate student, “Economics and Business” department.
Boltianska L.O. Scientific supervisor, Candidate of Economic Sc., associate professor.
Karaieva T.V. English language advisor, Candidate of Pedagogical Sc., associate professor.
The importance of effective strategy development for grain and food sub-complex in Ukraine has been considered in the article. Basic measures concerning grain and food sub-complex reconstruction have been given.
Domestic enterprises equipment of grain and food sub-complex is both superfluously obsolete and technologically out-of-date. Thus, producing grain and products of its processing are too much manual labor consuming. In recent years home agricultural machine-building practically stopped the equipment production for grain and food sub-complex, there are no strategically important technical developments for new technologies (NT) in grain production [1, p. 119].
The purpose of the article is theoretical and methodological principles development for grain and food sub-complex forming and functioning in Ukraine.
Thus, strategy of technical and technological re-equipment of grain and food sub-complex needs to have such basic directions as reconstruction of already existed specialized enterprises producing grain; constructing of new sub-complex enterprises; grain production on farms and sole rural farms [1, p. 122].
Scientific and technological provisions for further grain and food sub-complex development strategy of enterprises should be based on the first-priority and applied advances aggregation of science enabling to manage grain production components biosynthesis on the basis of genetic and cell engineering. It is also strategically important to introduce significant developments of the enterprises having their own energy supply, including biological fuel for engines made from seed oil, bio-gas made from organic matter (plant residues), heat and electricity sources based on the solar energy utilization and such like. These measures enable to improve grain and food sub-complex economy.
For realization of subcomplex technical re-equipment program it is necessary to work out and introduce the innovative project "Production development and introduction of resource-saving equipment units of new generation for grain and food sub-complex enterprises reconstruction functioning on the basis of environmentally safe technologies" in state scale [2, p. 120].
Special attention in the arrangements system concerning grain and food sub-complex reconstruction should be payed to officials, experts and workers gaining experience and retraining at these enterprises as well as to their data warehousing provision.
Under present conditions having been already formed in the grain and food sphere it is necessary to create powerful project and consulting center enabling to possess functioning structures in regions for disseminating information facilitating effective production running. Such a center could function as state non-profit autonomous organization founded by the Ministry of Agrarian Policy of Ukraine for fulfilling different tasks [3, p. 6].
While planning the objects of grain and food production the enterprise operations (technological audit) are being in the focus of research as well as optimal measures for grain production reconstructing are being proposed; material and technical financial resources and modernisation economic effectiveness have been calculated. The state itself participates in subsidizing of expenditures on material and technical resources, equipment purchasing as well as in credit subsidizing. There should be direct interrelation between modernization projects availability and sub-complex objects necessary to gear to the presence of projects of modernisation of subcomplex objects being the subject of such modernizartion.
On the basis of information given above the following conclusions should be made:
1) the strategy for further development of grain and food sub-complex has to include reconstruction of already functioning enterprises specializing in grain production as well as constructing new enterprises of sub-complex; producing grain on farm and individual agrarian households;
2) special place should be given to enriching executives, experts and all those working at these enterprises with innovative technologies, their training and retraining as well as information provision in the course of grain and food sub-complex reconstruction;
3) grain and food sub-complex technological modernization is the chance to survive for the enterprises under severe competition. It is worth of directing the further researching to find out the ways increasing the efficiency of cooperatives being engaged in sub-complex servicing to solve the problem of grain production competitiveness.
References.
1. Лебедєв К.А. Стратегія розвитку зернопродуктового підкомплексу України / К.А. Лебедєв // Економіка АПК. – 2009. - №3. – С. 119 – 123. [E – resource]. – Режим доступу: http://catalog.uccu.org.ua/opacunicode/ index. php? url=/notices/index/IdNotice:144065/Source:default
2. Чмирь С. М. Ефективність ринку зерна / С. М. Чмирь // Економіка АПК. - 2009. - №4. – С. 117 – 120. [E – resource]. – Режим доступу: http://archive.nbuv.gov.ua/portal/soc_gum/e_apk/2009_4/09_04_22.pdf
3. Державна служба статистики України. [E – resource]. – Режим доступу: http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua
УДК 658.3:005.95/.96
DEVELOPMENT OF SELF-ESTEEM AS A KEY TO
PROFESSIONAL GROWTH OF A YOUNG SPECIALIST
Volovyk Tetiana, faculty of economics and business, group 11 MB EP
Polikarpova Yu.O., Cand. Phil. Sc., Assoc. Prof.
The article grounds dependence of successful career and professional growth of young people on their self-esteem. Some recommendations for university graduates to improve their self-esteem are suggested.
У статті обґрунтовано залежність успішної кар'єри та професійного зростання молодих фахівців від їхньої самооцінки. Запропоновано рекомендації для випускників університетів щодо підвищення їхньої самооцінки.
Relevance of the research. Successful career and professional growth of young people depend on their self-esteem. It often becomes either a source of intrinsic motivation or discouragement for them.
Self-esteem is a term used in psychology to reflect a person's overall emotional evaluation of his or her own worth. Self-esteem is a part of self-confidence a young specialist needs to develop. Only, if you are confident about your thoughts and thinking you can be a good leader.
The essence of self-esteem and its development were studied by Albert Ellis, Abraham Maslow, Jack Canfield, Dale Carnegie and others.
The objective of this research is to ground the necessity of high self-esteem for young specialists and develop some recommendations for university graduates to improve their self-esteem.
The results of the research suggest that leadership and self-esteem are not in born qualities, young people need to work out on them. We have developed some recommendations for university graduates on improving their self-esteem.
There are many effective ways to remedy low self-esteem. However, the key to success in life is to recognize the existence of the problem in the first place. The key attitude for success in life is to take total responsibility for what happens to us. We must work upon ourselves continually in order to manifest what we want. Creating high self-esteem is one of the best things you can ever do to totally transform every aspect of your life.
First, get this fact into your mind that you cannot please people no matter what you do. You should learn how to lead your life according to your principles and your wishes. Learn how to take decisions and how to stick to them. Work out on things that you are good at. This will help you in understanding your inner strengths and making proper use of them. Being a leader in your own way is something that makes you feel positive about yourself.
If you are dependent on other people for your actions, then grow up. Being dependent on others will only lower your self-esteem, and you would never be able to come to terms with yourself. It is important that you make your decisions and understand what is good for you and what is not. This will help you in realizing what you want from life and how you can work to make it possible.
Make yourself different from the crowd and have your goals set. Focus on your aims in life and look for ways in which you can achieve what you want. Always work on things that will help you improve your knowledge and ways of applying this knowledge.
Self-evaluation is important at any stage in your life. In today’s world, most organizations use self-evaluation for any project and services they have in place. Self-evaluation is an important part of being committed to lifelong learning – the understanding that you will never complete your learning journey and grab every opportunity to learn new skills. More and more workplaces now encourage their staff to be committed to lifelong learning, offering learning skills through formal and informal pathways. Self-evaluation is particularly important when choosing learning through informal pathways, as formal assessments are less likely to take place in such settings.
In many instances you will find that fear of failure is what's holding you back in which case you need to do some soul searching to overcome that and use some self-talk to talk yourself into it.
Self-discipline is perhaps one of the most valuable traits you can develop and one of the most effective ways to bring about positive change in your life.
In conclusion, the importance of self-evaluation is that it allows young people to further their own learning journey and career by allowing them to reflect on their own performance from an outside perspective, enable them to really learn what their strengths and weaknesses are. This means they will be able to see what points they have that they can further cultivate and grow, and which points within they need further attention. This will allow them to succeed in their career.
References.
Hall D.M. ABC's of leadership. – Bloomington: AuthorHouse TM, 2007. – 105 p.
УДК 631.17.001.7
DURCHSETZUNG VON INNOVATIONEN ALS GRUNDLAGE
FÜR DIE ZUKUNFTSFÄHIGKEIT DER UNTERNEHMEN
Wyssotschyna Y., Sjubrij T., 11MB FK
Muntyan S. G., Oberlektorin für Deutsch
В статті розглянуто значення інновацій для конкурентоздатності суб’єктів господарювання, проаналізовано фактори успішного розвитку інноваційної діяльності.
Der zukünftige Erfolg eines Unternehmens hängt von der erfolgreichen Einführung neuer, innovativer Produkte und Dienstleistungen ab. Aus einer von Accenture durchgeführten Umfrage unter CEOs (Good Ideas are not Enough, 2005) geht hervor, dass zwei Drittel der Manager Innovationen als wesentliche Grundlage für die Zukunftsfähigkeit ihres Unternehmens betrachten. In derselben Umfrage tritt jedoch auch zutage, dass nur jeder achte Verantwortliche sicher ist, sein Unternehmen setze innovative Ideen vorbildlich um. Es gibt also offensichtlich Potential für Verbesserungen der Leistung der Unternehmen bei der Entwicklung neuer Produkte.
Der Begriff „Innovationen“ wird oft sehr eng als technologische Neuheit gefasst. Es gibt jedoch viel mehr weiteres Verständnis dieses Begriffs. Es beinhaltet Dienstleistungs-, Organisations- und Prozessinnovationen. Man betrachtet den Begriff „Innovationen" in diesem Sinne so umfassend wie möglich und untersucht nicht nur Produktneuheiten und wie diese in den Markt aufgenommen werden, sondern auch wie sich eine Innovation auf Dienstleistungen, andere Wirtschaftsbereiche, das Sozialsystem und die Gesellschaft auswirken kann.
Eine gute Idee ist eine tatsächliche Innovation erst dann, wenn es eine marktfähige Neuerung ist. Damit dies gelingen kann, muss von der ersten Idee an ein systematisch geplanter Prozess gestaltet werden. Man braucht dabei eine förderliche Innovationskultur, um in einem Unternehmen eine Strukturierung des Ideenscoutings sowie aber auch des Innovationsmanagements zu etablieren. Führende Unternehmen zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass sie die Marktanforderungen genau erkennen sowie neue Ideen fördern und richtig einschätzen.
Das Management der Ideen ist eine große Herausforderung. Zuerst müssen alle intern wie extern Beteiligten (d. h. Marketing-, Entwicklungs- und Vertriebsabteilung auf der einen Seite sowie Partner, Lieferanten und wichtige Kunden auf der anderen) zur aktiven Teilnahme am Ideenfindungsprozess ermuntert werden.
Zweitens müssen die Ideen bewertet und nach Prioritäten geordnet werden. Die Sammlung von priorisierten Vorschlägen aller am Erfolg eines neuen Produkts Interessierten ist eine wichtige Komponente des Bewertungsprozesses. Hierbei können Online-Umfragen helfen, mit denen sich Informationen zu wichtigen Produktkriterien aus den verschiedensten Bereichen ermitteln lassen. Die in diesen Umfragen gewonnenen Erkenntnisse sind wichtig bei der Richtungsentscheidung für die gesamte Gruppe.
Ein effektives Management neuer Ideen für Produkte und Prozesse ist nur dann möglich, wenn sämtliche zugehörigen Daten zusammen mit der ursprünglichen Idee gespeichert werden. Außerdem müssen die Ideen selbst mit einer klareren Struktur versehen werden. In einem System, das eine virtuelle Umgebung zur gemeinsamen Nutzung von Ideen bereitstellt, können Daten nach Bedarf in bestimmte Segmente und Kategorien eingeteilt und durchsucht, gruppiert sowie gefiltert und gewichtet werden. Neue Ideen können so im Rahmen des Brainstorming-Prozesses mit alten verknüpft werden.
Zu erfolgreichen Strategien von Unternehmen gehört Verwendung der bereits vorhandenen Erfindungen für adäquate Lösungen für neue Märkte.
Es sei unterstrichen, dass Innovationen ein besonderes Unternehmensklima fördern. Ein wichtiger Faktor sind interdisziplinäre Teams vom Ingenieur über den Sozialwissenschaftler bis hin zum Physiker. Hinzu kommt, dass Unternehmen bewusst Handlungsspielräume und Mut freigeben müssen. Das heißt, bestimmte Prozesse sollten auch dann anlaufen, selbst wenn sie vielleicht nicht gleich gelingen können. Außerdem brauchen gute Ideen immer einen Protagonisten, der sich für sie einsetzt und auch Widerstände überwindet, damit nach einigen Jahren daraus ein erfolgreiches Produkt werden kann.
Zusammenfassend ist zu betonen, dass bei der Durchsetzung von Innovationen folgende Faktoren von Bedeutung sind: der subjektive Vorteil einer Innovation; die Kompabilität mit einem vorhandenen Wertesystem; die Komplexität beziehungsweise die beim Erstkontakt gefühlte Einfachheit; die Probierbarkeit, d.h. Möglichkeit des Experementierens mit der Innovation; die Sichtbarkeit der Innovation; Verbindung zwischen der Idee und den Ergebnissen deren Umsetzung.
Literatur.
1. Фісун А. О. Інноваційна стратегія як фактор інтенсивного розвитку / А. О. Фісун // Формування ринкових відносин в Україні: збірник наукових праць. – 2003. - № 7-8. – С. 65-92.
2. Welche Firmenkultur fördert Innovation? // Deutschland. – 2010. - № 4. – S. 32-37.
UDC 658.8=111
PROMOTIONAL MIX
Zanuda R.A., student of 11MK group, “Economics and Business” department.
Karaieva T.V. English language advisor, Cand. of Pedagogical Sc., associate professor.
Promotional mix as one of the basic instruments for marketing has been considered in the article. The purposes of promotion as well as its methods depending on the factors and potential uses have been substantiated.
Due to the fact that any country tries to reach new economic level of its development the demand in innovative methods of commodities and services promotion working out is being formed in the sphere of marketing operations for reaching by it the advanced positions in the market.
It is a common mistake to believe that promotion by business is all about advertising. It is not really so. There is a variety of approaches that a business can take to get its message across to customers, although advertising is certainly an important one. [1]
The purpose of the article is to define the promotional mix impact on market economy as well as marketing operations in a whole.
It is worth of mentioning that promotional mix is the basic instrument of marketing having in purpose to: a) inform about other instruments of marketing mix; b) contribute to the long term sales increase.
The promotion is always serving to specific goals being used for:
1) public informing; 2) demand increasing; 3) product differentiating; 4) product value increasing or sales stabilizing.
The major aim of promotion is to ensure that customers are aware of the existence and positioning of products. Promotion is also used to persuade customers that the product is better than competing products and to remind customers about why they may want to buy. Promotion is usually targeting to achieve more than one goal.
The methods of promotion are:
1. Advertising is communication with current and potential customers and consumers, done through paid mass media. The channels of communication can be TV, radio, Internet, billboards and others.
2. Public Relationship (PR) is communication toward public, but is turned more to reputation and image of the company, than to its products. The PR activity can be a press conference, TV interview with company representative, press article about donation of the company to charity or about latest environmental project.
3. Personal Sales is a way of promotion activity where sales representative is directly contacting the customer. This person-to-person contact has the goal of direct promotion of the product and conclusion of sales.
4. Sales Promotion represents a set of different promotional activities that has the goal of animating customers for purchasing. This can be value offer (discount), quantity offer (2+1), prize drawings, merchandising, direct contact by animators in retail outlet and others [2].
Potential Uses of Promotion in Business can be used to:
Increasing sales
Attracting new customers
Encouraging customer loyalty
Encouraging trial
Creating awareness
Informing
Reminding potential customers
Reassuring new customers
Changing attitudes
Creating an image
Positioning a product
Encouraging brand switching
Supporting a distribution channel [1].
The way in which promotion is targeted is split into two types:
1) above the line promotion – paid for communication in the independent media e.g. advertising on TV or in the newspapers (though it can be targeted, it could be seen by anyone outside the target audience);
2) below the line promotion – promotional activities where the business has direct control e.g. direct mailing and money off coupons (it is aimed directly at the target audience [3]).
Taking into account everything mentioned above it should be concluded that: a) the Promotional Mix thus creates the consumer's demand by means of forming request for the product through the supply channel;
b) companies and small business owners can use many advertising promotional tools, including magazine ads, Internet marketing and direct mail as well as social media sites such as Facebook, VK and Twitter also providing advertising sources for the experienced business owners;
c) the key in advertising is finding cost-effective ways to reach potential customers;
d) companies can also use free advertising by writing articles or listing their websites in search engines like Yandex and Google [4].
References.
Riley J. Promotional Mix – Introduction/23 September, 2012. [E – resource]. – Режим доступу: http://www.tutor2u.net/business/marketing/promotion_mix. asp
Currie M. Theories on the Promotional Mix. [E – resource]. – Режим доступу: http://www.ehow.com/info_8340520_theories-promotional-mix.html
Marketing Mix: Promotion. [E – resource]. – Режим доступу: http://www.biz-development.com/Marketing/5.7.Marketing-Mix-Promotion.html
How to create an advertising strategy. [E – resource]. – Режим доступу: http://www.adcracker.com/strategy/Advertising_Strategy.html
УДК 316.334.22=111
Focused jobseeking:
A measured approach to looking for work
Zozulya L.N., faculty of economics and business, master student, group 11, Accounting
Zhukova T.V., English language advisor
The importance of jobseeking process is grounded. The main jobseekers guidelines are defined. The opportunity of job interview is formulated. Actual tips for applicants are substantiated.
В статті обґрунтовано важливість процесу пошуку роботи. Визначено основні керівні принципи, яких необхідно дотримуватися при працевлаштуванні. Запропоновано актуальні поради для претендентів, які бажають зайняти вакантні посади.
For many people, the only thing harder than being out of a job is searching for one. The difficulties associated with finding employment can wear down even the most resilient jobseekers.
Jobseekers can avoid many of the mistakes that keep them from winning a job if they learn:
- how to choose the best channels for applying
- why they shouldn’t rely on online resources exclusively
- how to use their contacts effectively
By demystifying the job search process, informed jobseekers improve their chances for success—provided they’re willing to put in the hard work, time, and patience required.
Before beginning their quest for work, jobseekers should complete a personal evaluation of their goals. In particular, they should determine the type of work they want to do, where they want to do it, and for whom. Only after they have that information can they start a focused search for work.
Jobseekers should avoid what career experts call the “shotgun approach” to finding a job: “applying to 100 jobs, getting 3 interviews, and landing 1 job.”
Jobseekers should concentrate on a handful of organizations they have researched—in a business they want to be involved in for a long time.
So, jobseekers should:
Focus selectively on companies you admire and wish to work for.
Pursue companies—not jobs.
The Internet has transformed the job search process. Few organizations advertise job openings exclusively in printed classified ads, and some may not use print media at all. Today, information about employers, including job openings, is most often found on the Internet.
Disadvantages of using the Internet in job hunting:
- It’s difficult to differentiate yourself online
- Too many people see the same job openings
To make the most of research, jobseekers must focus their search, use online resources wisely, and develop their network of contacts.
The Internet is a helpful jobseeking research tool, but jobseekers should avoid relying solely on it to find work. Organizations tend to hire people they know or who are referred to them by someone they trust. Career experts say that organizations fill many openings through this “hidden,” or unadvertised, job market. In other words, employers often fill new positions before those openings are ever publicized.
Good professional networks are built on solid relationships. These relationships, in turn, are built on trust, something that takes time to develop. When network contacts recommend a jobseeker, their reputation is on the line.
Employers expect a jobseeker to know who they are, what they do, where they operate, and how they compare with others in the industry—especially since such information is readily available online
It is inexcusable for jobseekers not to know the basics about a company.
Useful resources include newspaper articles, industry publications, employee blogs, and online discussions. Jobseekers can use forums, also known as discussion boards, to communicate with people who work in their desired industry or organization. The most important part of jobseeking process is the job interview. The interview is a candidate’s best chance to impress a hiring manager and secure the job.
Some career experts say that job candidates should treat the interview as if it were the first day of work.
Candidates should think of the interview as a conversation, not a defense of their resume. To ready themselves for this conversation, candidates must plan their answers to questions a hiring manager might ask—and prepare their own questions for the hiring manager.
Behave professionally in all interactions with potential employers: Be punctual, courteous, honest, and positive.
The best interviews flow smoothly, like good conversation.
Common interview questions include the following:
• Where do you see yourself in 5 years?
• What is your biggest weakness? Strength?
• Why do you want to work here?
• How do you handle a disagreement with another member of your team?
• What was your biggest accomplishment at your previous position?
• Why did you leave your last job?
Job candidates also have an obligation to hold up their end of the conversation. They should always ask questions that they could not answer through their own research or that arose during the interview.
After an interview, job candidates should thank the interviewer twice: in person, before leaving; and in writing, with a thank-you note.
The thank-you note is most effective when hand-written, but an email thank-you note is also acceptable.
The thank-you note should briefly reassert the candidate’s interest in the position and summarize relevant skills and qualifications.
So, in conclusion, I'd like to emphasize the importance of considered tips. Jobseekers can avoid many of the mistakes that keep them from winning a job. Keeping of proposed simple rules guarantees success in jobseeking process and applying for job.
References.
1. Didn’tgetthejob? – [Eresource]. – Режим доступу:
http://www.myworldofwork.co.uk/content/didnt-get-the-job
2. Looking for work. – [E resource]. – Режим доступу:
http://www.myworldofwork.co.uk/content/networking-your-way-to-a-job
3. Focused jobseeking. – [E resource]. – Режим доступу:
http://www.bls.gov/opub/ooq/2011/spring/art01.pdf
4. How to prepare for job hunting. –[E resource]. – Режим доступу:
http://freecareerhelp.com/topic_1.html
5. How to Make a Good Career Choice. – [E resource]. – Режим доступу:
http://www.wikihow.com/Make-a-Good-Career-Choice
УДК 620.92: 811.112.2
PERSPEKTIVЕ DER WINDGENERATORANWENDUNG IN BEDINGUNGEN DES SÜDENS DER UKRAINE
Zyguljarowa W.W., Gruppe 21 EES AIK
Sajzewa N.W., Leiterin in Deutsch
У статті представлено детальний аналіз використання вітрогенераторів в умовах півдня України, а також переваги розвитку вітроенергетики як невід’ємної галузі енергопромислового комплексу України.
Windenergie ist ein wachsender Sektor der Energie. Die Windenergieanlagen sind Generatoren der elektrischen Energie, die für die Umwandlung der Windenergie in elektrischen Strom vorbestimmt sind. Die Nutzung der Windenergie als Triebkraft hat eine lange Tradition z.B. als Windmühle oder als Sägewerk. Windräder werden an Meeresufern und in Wäldern gesetzt, auf eine bestimmte Stelle oder in Privathäusern. Windkraftanlagen werden für Speicherung freier Energien der Landwirtschaft und in entfernten Standorten mit fehlender konstanter Stromversorgung verwendet.
Der wesentliche Vorteil der Windanlagen sind Umweltfreundlichkeit und Wirtschaftlichkeit. Dadurch wird Senkung der Nachfrage und der Preise für den Brennstoffe ermöglicht. Der weitere Vorteil von Windkraftanlagen ist, dass sie Inbetriebnahme der erneuerbaren Energiequellen im Staat beeinflussen. Viele Menschen bekommen Arbeitsplätze dank neuen Großkraftwerken. Nachteile sind aber die Instabilität des Windes und Rotorblätter der Windräder. Sie stellen wesentliche Gefahr für Vögel dar [1].
Der größte Weltproduzent von Energie aus Wind ist China. Die Volksrepublik produziert maximale Windenergiemenge in der Welt. Ihre Kapazität beträgt 45 GW, produziert in 80 Windparks im ganzen Land. Die USA produzieren 43 GW Windenergie pro Jahr. Dritte Stelle belegt führender Hersteller von Windenergieanlagen – Deutschland mit Volumen von sauberer Energie von 28 GW, was etwa 9% der gesamten Stromerzeugung in Deutschland ausmacht. Das vierte in der Welt und das zweite in Europa ist mit 16% Windenergieanteils Spanien. Und mit 1,21 Milliarde Menschen Indien hat Windenergieleistung 14 GW pro Jahr [2].
Die Ukraine hat auch großes Windenergiepotential. Experten argumentieren, dass die Nutzung der Windenergieanlagen jährliche Stromproduktion auf 48 Milliarden kWh Strom versichert und rund 18 Milliarden Kubikmeter Erdgas spart. Die Entwicklung der Windenergie lässt 25% Bedürfnisses nach Elektrizität decken.
Experten bestimmen die Regionen der Ukraine, in denen Einsatz von Windkraft wirtschaftlich ist: die Karpaten, Azovgebiet, Regionen Donetsk und Kerch, Kherson, Mykolayiv, die westliche Krim und Bergkrim [3].
Energetisches Potenzial des Windes im Süden der Ukraine ist fast dreimal höher, als in nördlichen und zentralen Territorien. Es steigt mit Erhöhung auf jede 10 Meter. So auf der Höhe 100 Meter über dem Meeresspiegel ist Windpotenzial 2,5Mal größer. In Gebieten Zaporizhzhya und Kherson ist real Verwertung von 15-19% Energie des Windstromes [4].
Schon heute gibt es im Süden der Ukraine einige Betriebe, die Windenergie erfolgreich produzieren und speichern: so produziert heute das Windkraftwerk Syvash von GEO NET UmweltConsulting GmbH 350 Megawatt pro Jahr. Und in Pryazovje, Botijevo erzeugt GmbH „WindPower“ 200 Megawatt umweltfreundlichen Stromes pro Jahr.
Aber viele sind auch geplant: das Unternehmen EuroCape New Energy Limited plant zwei mächtige Windkraftwerke – in Nadezhdino, Kreis Pryasovye, ind in Mordvynivka, Kreis Melitopol – mit Leistung über 500 Megawatt jedes [4,5].
Erneuerbare Energie kann die Frage der nationalen Sicherheit der Energieversorgung und Energie-Unabhängigkeit der Ukraine von anderen Ländern lösen. Wind-Turbinen erzeugen Strom, ohne herkömmlichen Kraftstoffen zu brennen. Sie senken die Nachfrage und die Preise für Kraftstoffe. 1 MW Strom von den Windkraftanlagen reduziert die jährlichen Emissionen von 1.800 Tonnen Kohlendioxid, 9 Tonnen Schwefeldioxid und 4 Tonnen Stickoxide [5].
Dank den Windenergieanlagen bekommt die Ukraine sauberere Umwelt, billige Energie, mehrere Arbeitsplätze.
Quellenverzeichnis.
Экологические аспекты ветроэнергетики // Энергия и энергетика сегодня [Електронний ресурс]: – Режим доступу: - http://www.energynow.ru/energys-1014-1.html
Альтернативная энергетика в мире // Альтернативная энергия [Електронний ресурс]: – Режим доступу: - http://alternativenergy.ru/novosti-alternativnoy-energetiki/213-alternativnaya-energetika-v-mire.html
О перспективах развития альтернативной энергетике в Украине // Alterenergy [Електронний ресурс]: – Режим доступу: - http://www.alterenergy.info/officially/57-notes/388-prospects-development-alternative-energy-projects-ukraine
Ветроэнергетика Украины // Ассоциация энергетиков [Електронний ресурс]: – Режим доступу: - http://nacep.ru/novosti-energetiki/alternativnaya-energetika/vetroenergetika-ukrainy.html
Запорожская область переходит на альтернативные источники энергии // Новости энергетики [Електронний ресурс]: – Режим доступу: - http://www.energy-efficient.kiev.ua/node/9109
ЗМІСТ
Авраменко Г., Шелудько О.О. |
ПСИХОЛОГО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНІ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ПРОЦЕСУ ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО САМОВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ |
3 |
Агаркова Н., Шелудько О.А. |
КОНФЛІКТНІ СИТУАЦІЇ, ШЛЯХИ ТА МОЖЛИВОСТІ ЇХ ВИРІШЕННЯ |
4 |
Арабаджи М., Григоренко О.В. |
ВПЛИВ ВИРОБНИЦТВА ТА ВИКОРИСТАННЯ БІОПАЛИВА НА НАВКОЛИШНЄ СЕРЕДОВИЩЕ |
6 |
Арабаджийський О., Губенок В.В. |
СПОРТ І МОРАЛЬНІ ЦІННОСТІ ЛЮДИНИ |
9 |
Баланчук Н.С., Прісс О.П. |
ВПЛИВ АБІОТИЧНИХ ФАКТОРІВ НА ФОРМУВАННЯ ВИСОКОМОЛЕКУЛЯНИХ АНТИОКСИДАНТІВ ПЛОДОВИХ ОВОЧІВ |
11 |
Баланчук Н.С., Карман В.М. |
ЗНАЧЕННЯ ІМІЖДУ ПЕДАГОГА |
14 |
Борисов В., Крупенко О.В. |
ПСИХОЛОГІЯ СІТЬОВОГО МАРКЕТИНГУ: ПОГЛЯД ЗСЕРЕДИНИ |
16 |
Бродська М., Крупенко О.В. |
ГЕНДЕРНІ СТЕРЕОТИПИ СУЧАСНОСТІ |
18 |
Галак Ю.О., Шелудько О.О. |
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ТОЛЕРАНТНОСТІ ФАХІВЦІВ РІЗНИХ СФЕР ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ |
21 |
Ганжа О., Городецька О.Г. |
СОЦІОЛОГІЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ВЗАЄМИН БАТЬКІВ ТА ДІТЕЙ У НЕПОВНИХ СІМ'ЯХ |
23 |
Гассан К.Н., Щербакова Н.В. |
ЯКІСНА ВИЩА ОСВІТА В СИСТЕМІ ЗАГАЛЬНОЛЮДСЬКИХ ЦІННОСТЕЙ,ФІЛОСОФСЬКИЙ АСПЕКТ |
26 |
Генова О., Шелудько О.О. |
ПРОБЛЕМИ АДАПТАЦІЇ СТУДЕНТІВ У ВИЩОМУ НАВЧАЛЬНОМУ ЗАКЛАДІ |
28 |
Генсицький М.В., Губенко В.В. |
ПІКАП, ЯК СОЦІАЛЬНЕ ЯВИЩЕ |
31 |
Генсицький М.В., Дударева М.А. |
ПОНЯТТЯ ЧАСУ. БІОЛОГІЧНИЙ І СОЦІАЛЬНИЙ АСПЕКТ |
33 |
Генсицький М.В., Паршин Б.А. |
ПРОБЛЕМА БІДНОСТІ В УКРАЇНІ |
39 |
Гриднєва Д.Ю., Крупенко О.В. |
СУЧАСНІ КОНЦЕПЦІЇ ТЕМПЕРАМЕНТУ: ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ АНАЛІЗ |
41 |
Губар Д., Герасько Т.В. |
КУЧЕРЯВІСТЬ ЛИСТКІВ ПЕРСИКУ СОРТУ РЕДХЕЙВЕН ЗА ОРГАНІЧНОЇ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ВИРОЩУВАННЯ |
43 |
Дашко М., Шелудько О.О. |
ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ПРОФЕСІЙНО ТА ОСОБИСТОЇ САМООЦІНКИ ЛЮДИНИ |
46 |
Дрондіна О., Лисенко Ю.А. |
НЕБЕЗПЕКА НАТОВПУ
|
47 |
Дударєва М.О., Ємельянов Д.Г. |
ПРО СКЛЯНКУ ВОДИ У СІЛЬСЬКОГО КОЛОДЯЗЯ, І В БЕЗКРАЙНІЙ ПУСТЕЛІ |
49 |
Ємельянов Д., Губенко В.В. |
СОЦІАЛЬНИЙ ПОРТРЕТ ЖІНКИ ЩО ПАЛИТЬ |
51 |
Зануда Р., Городецька О.Г. |
ВПЛИВ ЗАСОБІВ МАСОВОЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ НА ФОРМУВАННЯ ПОЛІТИЧНОГО ЛІДЕРА: ГЕНДЕРНИЙ АСПЕКТ |
53 |
Захарова А., Шелудько О.О. |
КОПІНГ-ПОВЕДІНКА ЯК ПСИХІЧНА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ СУБ’ЄКТА |
56 |
Зибіна Д., Городецька О.Г. |
СТАВЛЕННЯ СТУДЕНТСЬКОЇ МОЛОДІ ДО РЕЛІГІЇ (СОЦІОЛОГІЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ) |
58 |
Калінін А.В., Іванова І.Є. |
ПОРІВНЯННЯ ТОВАРНИХ ТА БІОХІМІЧНИХ ПОКАЗНИКІВ В ПЛОДАХ ЧЕРЕШНІ СОРТІВ СЕРЕДНЬОГО СТРОКУ ДОСТИГАННЯ ЗА ДІЇ ЗАМОРОЖУВАННЯ |
60 |
Кондратюк О.В., Щербакова Н.В. |
ОСВІТА ТА САМООСВІТА У ДУХОВНОМУ СТАНОВЛЕННІ ОСОБИСТОСТІ |
64 |
Королёв А.С., Щербакова Н.В. |
СЕМЕЙНАЯ СОЦИАЛИЗАЦИЯ КАК ПРОЦЕСС ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНО-КОМПЕТЕНТНОЙ ЛИЧНОСТИ |
65 |
Кравцов Д.В., Дударева М.А. |
ПРОБЛЕМА МЕТОДА ДЕКАРТА |
67 |
Кравченко В., Дударєва М.О. |
СУТНІСТЬ ЛЮДИНИ В СФЕРІ ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ |
70 |
Кучеркова А., Загорко Н.П. |
ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ МІКРОБІОЛОГІЧНИХ ПОКАЗНИКІВ СИРУ «РОСІЙСЬКИЙ» |
72 |
Лада А.С., Щербакова Н.В. |
СЕКУЛЯРИЗАЦИЯ КАК ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ ФЕНОМЕН. СВОБОДА СОВЕСТИ |
74 |
Лєдавицька О., Крупенко О.В. |
СУЧАСНА ІМІДЖЕЛОГІЯ. РЕАЛІЇ ТА ОЧІКУВАННЯ |
77 |
Літвінова К.І., Воровка В.П. |
ЕКОЛОГІЧНІ ЗМІНИ ЧОРНОЗЕМНИХ ГРУНТІВ ПІД ДІЄЮ ЗРОШЕННЯ |
79 |
Літвінова К.І., Карман В.М. |
КОМПЕТЕНТНІСТЬ ТА ІМІДЖ СУЧАСНОГО ВИКЛАДАЧА |
81 |
Ломиш І.В., Волох А.М. |
ТВЕРДІ ВІДХОДИ МІСТА МЕЛІТОПОЛЯ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ЇХ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ |
83 |
Ломиш І.В., Мельник О.О. |
ПРАВОВЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПОВОДЖЕННЯ З ТВЕРДИМИ ПОБУТОВИМИ ВІДХОДАМИ МІСТА МЕЛІТОПОЛЯ |
86 |
Лопатін О., Мальцева І.А. |
МОНІТОРИНГ ЕКОЛОГІЧНОГО СТАНУ ҐРУНТІВ МІСТА МЕЛІТОПОЛЯ ТА ЙОГО ОКОЛИЦЬ |
89 |
Людіна Т.М., Нінова Г.В. |
СОРТОВИВЧЕННЯ КАВУНА В БОГАРНИХ УМОВАХ ПІВДЕННОГО СТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ |
90 |
Матюхіна І.В., Шелудько О.О. |
ПРОБЛЕМА ВИХОВАНОСТІ У СУСПІЛЬСТВІ |
93 |
Мігова Н., Крупенко О.В. |
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВЗАЄМИН У ПАРІ ТАНЦЮРИСТІВ, ЯКІ ЗАЙМАЮТЬСЯ СПОРТИВНИМИ БАЛЬНИМИ ТАНЦЯМИ |
95 |
Міщенко М., Нінова Г.В. |
УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ВИРОЩУВАННЯ САДЖАНЦІВ ЧЕРЕШНІ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ РЕГУЛЯТОРА РОСТУ АКМ В УМОВАХ СТЕПОВОЇ ЗОНИ УКРАЇНИ |
97 |
Мосенцев О., Городецька О.Г. |
ДЕРЖАВНА ПОЛІТИКА ЩОДО ВЖИВАННЯ АЛКОГОЛЬНИХ НАПОЇВ |
101 |
Москаленко П., Губенко В.В. |
СОЦІАЛЬНИЙ ЗАХИСТ СТУДЕНСЬКОЇ МОЛОДІ |
103 |
Небогаткіна К., Губенко В.В. |
ОСОБИСТІСТЬ І СУСПІЛЬСТВО: СЕКСУАЛЬНА РЕВОЛЮЦІЯ |
105 |
Овечко І.О., Колесніков М.О. |
ВПЛИВ КОМПЛЕКСУ НА ОСНОВІ ТОКОФЕРОЛУ НА ФОРМУВАННЯ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТІ ГОРОХУ |
108 |
Онищенко О., Іванченко О.А. |
ВПЛИВ ПРЕПАРАТУ АКМ НА БІОМЕТРИЧНІ ПОКАЗНИКИ СОНЯШНИКУ В УМОВАХ СТЕПОВОЇ ЗОНИ УКРАЇНИ |
111 |
Осечкіна О.М., Волох А. М. |
ОЦІНКА СТАНУ ДОВКІЛЛЯ В М.МЕЛІТОПОЛІ |
113 |
Отставнова О., Іванченко О.А. |
ВПЛИВ ПРЕПАРАТУ АКМ НА ФЕРТИЛЬНІСТЬ ПИЛКУ СОНЯШНИКУ В УМОВАХ СТЕПОВОЇ ЗОНИ УКРАЇНИ |
116 |
Павлова В., Шелудько О.О. |
ВПЛИВ ЕМОЦІЙ НА СТАН ЗДОРОВ'Я ОСОБИСТОСТІ |
118 |
Панін М.Д., Губенко В.В. |
ВІДМІТНІ РИСИ СЛОВ’ЯНСЬКОГО МЕНТАЛІТЕТУ |
120 |
Панкова І.С., Волох А.М. |
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ РАДІОАКТИВНОГО ФОНУ У М.МЕЛІТОПОЛІ |
122 |
Пейда А.В., Щербакова Н.В. |
МЕХАНИЧЕСКАЯ КАРТИНА МИРА И ЕЕ СПЕЦИФИКА |
123 |
Першина Я., Євстафієва Л., Казак М., Трофімова Г., Прокопенко І., Тодорова Л.В. |
ВПЛИВ ШИРИНИ МІЖРЯДДЯ НА ПРОДУКТИВНІСТЬ ГАЛЕГИ СХІДНОЇ ПРИ ВИРОЩУВАННІ НА БОГАРІ В ПІВДЕННОМУ СТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ
|
126 |
|
Петрочко А., Герасько Т.В. |
ОВОДНЕНІСТЬ БРУНЬОК ПЕРСИКУ МОРТУ РЕДХЕЙВЕН ЗА ОРГАНІЧНОЇ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ВИРОЩУВАННЯ |
129 |
|
Савцова А., Крупенко О.В. |
ВПЛИВ ХУДОЖНЬОЇ ЛІТЕРАТУРИ І МУЛЬТФІЛЬМІВ НА ФОРМУВАННЯ ОСОБИСТОСТІ |
131 |
|
Седляр Ю., Мальцева І.А. |
ФІТО-ТЕСТ АНАЛІЗ ТОКСИЧНОСТІ ВАЖКИХ МЕТАЛІВ |
133 |
|
Серафімов Д., Губенко В.В. |
ДЕМОГРАФІЧНА КРИЗА В УКРАЇНІ |
134 |
|
Сошньова О.Г., Щербакова Н.В. |
ВПЛИВ ЗАСОБІВ МАСОВОЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ НА МОРАЛЬ СУЧАСНОЇ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОЛОДІ |
137 |
|
Старовєрова О., Волох А.М. |
ДИНАМІКА ЧИСЕЛЬНОСТІ МИСЛИВСЬКИХ ТВАРИН МЕЛІТОПОЛЬСЬКОГО РАЙОНУ ЗАПОРІЗЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ |
139 |
|
Старовєрова О.О., Карман В.М. |
ПРОФЕСІЙНА МАЙСТЕРНІСТЬ І АРТИСТИЗМ ВИКЛАДАЧА |
143 |
|
Стрєлкова М.А., Губенко В.В. |
СУЧАСНА ДЕМОГРАФІЧНА СИТУАЦІЯ В УКРАЇНІ |
145 |
|
Тюніна І.В., Шелудько О.О. |
ТРУДОВЕ ВИХОВАННЯ, ЙОГО ПЛЮСИ ТА МІНУСИ |
147 |
|
Фарзаєва М.А., Іванова І.Є. |
ПОРІВНЯННЯ ТОВАРНИХ ТА БІОХІМІЧНИХ ПОКАЗНИКІВ В ПЛОДАХ ЧЕРЕШНІ СОРТІВ РАННЬОГО СТРОКУ ДОСТИГАННЯ ЗА ДІЇ ЗАМОРОЖУВАННЯ |
149 |
|
Хорішко А.А., Мілєва Н.В. |
ВИРОЩУВАННЯ ОЗИМОГО ЧАСНИКУ З ПОВІТРЯНИХ ЦИБУЛИНОК |
152 |
|
Чернишова І., Почерніна О., Григоренко О.В., Загорко Н.П. |
УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ЗАМОРОЖУВАННЯ ЦУКРОВОЇ КУКУРУДЗИ |
155 |
|
Швігл Є., Городецька О.Г. |
АКТУАЛЬНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ ЕКОСОЦІОЛОГІІ |
158 |
|
Ширінська Г.В., Богатирьова О.Б. |
ОЦІНКА ЯКОСТІ ПИТНОЇ ВОДИ В М. МЕЛІТОПОЛІ ЗАПОРІЗЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ |
161 |
|
Шумейко О., Шелудько О.О. |
ПРОБЛЕМИ ВИВЧЕННЯ СТРЕСУ ТА ШЛЯХИ ЙОГО ПОДОЛАННЯ |
163 |
|
Щербакова О.І., Городецька О.Г. |
ПРЕФЕРЕНЦІЇ СУЧАСНОЇ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОЛОДІ |
165 |
|
Юдін О., Герасько Т.В. |
СУМАРНИЙ РІЧНИЙ ПРИРІСТ ПАГОНІВ ТА ДІАМЕТР ШТАМБУ ПЕРСИКУ СОРТУ РЕДХЕЙВЕН ЗА ОРГАНІЧНОЇ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ВИРОЩУВАННЯ |
167 |
|
Юрко Л.О., Іванова І.Є. |
ОЦІНКА СОРТІВ ЧЕРЕШНІ ПІЗНЬОГО СТРОКУ ДОСТИГАННЯ НА ПРИДАТНІСТЬ ДО ЗАМОРОЖУВАННЯ |
169 |
|
Bedletsky V.G., Vynogradova M.S. |
LES PRINCIPES D’INNOVATION DE LA CONSTRUCTION DES FERMES DANS LES CONDITIONS DE LA VILLE |
173 |
|
Besedina V.O., Kravets O.O. |
GENDER POLICY IN THE WORLD AND IN UKRAINE |
176 |
|
Bezzadova H.S., Zhukova T.V. |
A PIECE OF ADVICE IN DEVELOPMENT OF RESUME WRITING SKILLS FOR UNIVERSITY GRADUATES |
178 |
|
Bilogurov V., Krivonos I.A. |
THE END OF THE WORLD – WAS IT A FICTION OR A WARNING? |
180 |
|
Bodrov O., Shevchenko S.P. |
ECO-CRIMES OF HUMANITY |
183 |
|
Borovyk R., Velcheva O.I. |
PROBLEMS OF USING ALTERNATIVE ENERGY |
185 |
|
Busilkova K.O., Zhukova T.V. |
SECRETS OF BUSINESS ETIQUETTE |
187 |
|
Chevtchenko O., Vynogradova M. S. |
LES STAGES DE PRODUCTION ÉTRANGERS POUR LES ÉTUDIANTS DES UNIVERSITÉS AGRAIRES |
190 |
|
Chipigin A., Polovinko O.V. |
THE PROS AND CONS OF SMALL-SCALE WIND ENERGY |
192 |
|
Chumak I.O., Karaieva T.V. |
THE IMPORTANCE OF EFFECTIVE PLANNING |
194 |
|
Filina M., Polikarpova Yu.O. |
SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT: GROWING MUSHROOMS |
196 |
|
Filipischen M.W., Sajzewa N.W. |
OPTIMIERUNGSMITTEL DER ENERGIEVERSORGUNG IN ÜBERLANDFREILEITUNGEN |
198 |
|
Ganzha O., Karaieva T.V. |
ENTERPRISE STRUCTURES |
200 |
|
Gloukhykh I.E., Vynogradova M.S. |
LE SPÉCIALISTE MODERNE DU NIVEAU INTERNATIONAL: LES EXIGENCES ET LE PROCESSUS DE LA FORMATION |
202 |
|
Henzu I.W., Sajzewa N.W. |
VERGLEICHSANALYSE VON UNPROPRIETÄREN BROWSERN ALS EFFEKTIVEN MEDIEN FÜR SUCHE, VERARBEITUNG UND SPEICHERUNG VON INFORMATION IM INTERNET |
204 |
Kabaldov Y., Shevchenko S.P. |
ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT IN MODERN AGRICULTURE |
206 |
Kassianov V.O., Vynogradova M.S. |
LE RÔLE DES STAGES ESTUDIANTINS À L’ETRANGER DANS LA CONSTRUCTION DE LA FUTURE CARRIÈRE |
208 |
Kolodchak A., Polikarpova Yu.O. |
DEVELOPMENT OF FARMERS' MARKETS: AN EXPERIENCE OF THE UK |
210 |
Konsul A.O., Boltianska L.A, Karaieva T.V. |
PRODUCTION COSTS REDUCING RESOURCES |
212 |
Koshel M., Sajzewa N.V. |
MÖGLICHKEITEN UND VORTEILE DER ANWENDUNG VOM BETRIEBSSYSTEM LINUX IM LEHRPROZESS VON STUDENTEN IN DEN INGENIEURFACHRICHTUNGEN |
213 |
Kotenko S.I., Vynogradova M.S. |
LES PROJETS INNOVANTS DANS L’AGRICULTURE COMME INDICE DE LA VALORISATION DU POTENTIEL DU SECTEUR AGRICOLE |
215 |
Kyriienko V., Zhukova T.V. |
STYLES OF LEADERSHIP |
218 |
Matvieiev O., Symonenko S.V. |
PRODUCTION DESIGN OF THE MODEL OF THE CENTRAL BUILDING OF TAVRIA STATE AGROTECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY |
220 |
Mykul’skiy V., Zhukova T.V. |
IMPACTS OF CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR REACTOR EXPLOSION |
223 |
Mymrik Y.U., Tebenko V.M., Karaieva T.V. |
PLANT-GROWING INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT |
226 |
Pavlenko A., Vynogradova M. S. |
STAGES AGRICOLES À L’ÉTRANGER COMME LA GARANTIE DE LA PROMOTION PROFESSIONNELLE DES ÉTUDIANTS ET DE JEUNES DIPLÔMÉS DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE TAVRIA |
228 |
Semendyayev O., Velcheva O.I. |
THE IMPACT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION FROM HOME APPLIANCES ON HEALTH |
230 |
Sergeyeva N.O., Tibenko V.M ., Karaieva T.V. |
ECONOMIC SUBSTANTIATION OF FARM DECISIONS |
232 |
Shelygina I., Symonenko S.V. |
DEVELOPMENT OF AN INFORMATION MODEL OF RECYCLING WATER SYSTEM OPERATION INTENSIFICATION |
234 |
Stetsun T., Zavads’kyh G.M., Karaieva T.V. |
GRAIN MARKET OPPORTUNITIES IN UKRAINE |
236 |
Tonkih V.E., Kravets O.O. |
GENDER POLICY IN UKRAINE |
238 |
Tsiupka K.A., Boltianska L.A., Karaieva T.V. |
AGRARIAN ENTERPRISES PRICING POLICY PECULIARITIES |
240 |
Tushko K., Polikarpova Yu.O. |
SOME WAYS TO RAISE EMPLOYEES' MOTIVATION |
241 |
Vlasenko A.G., Boltianska L.O., Karaieva T.V. |
GRAIN AND FOOD SUB-COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN UKRAINE |
243 |
Volovyk T., Polikarpova Yu.O. |
DEVELOPMENT OF SELF-ESTEEM AS A KEY TO PROFESSIONAL GROWTH OF A YOUNG SPECIALIST |
245 |
Wyssotschyna Y., Sjubrij T., Muntyan S.G. |
DURCHSETZUNG VON INNOVATIONEN ALS GRUNDLAGE FÜR DIE ZUKUNFTSFÄHIGKEIT DER UNTERNEHMEN |
247 |
Zanuda R.A., Karaieva T.V. |
PROMOTIONAL MIX |
249 |
Zozulya L.N., Zhukova T.V. |
FOCUSED JOBSEEKING: A MEASURED APPROACH TO LOOKING FOR WORK |
251 |
Zyguljarowa W.W., Sajzewa N.W. |
PERSPEKTIVЕ DER WINDGENERATORANWENDUNG IN BEDINGUNGEN DES SÜDENS DER UKRAINE |
253 |
ЗМІСТ |
|
256 |
Збірник
наукових праць
магістрантів
та студентів ТДАТУ
ВИПУСК 12
Том 4
Факультет «Агротехнологій та екології»
Комп’ютерна верстка: Жукова В.Ф.
Підписано до друку 2013. Формат А5. Друк офсетний
Умов. друк. арк. 2,21 Зам № Друк на різографі
ТДАТУ, м. Мелітополь, пр. Б.Хмельницького, 18