Глава 2 Полисемия послелогов Off; On, Onto; Upon
Off
1. so as to be no longer supported or attached: This button is about to come off.
2. so as to be no longer covering or enclosing: to take a hat off; to take the
wrapping off.
3. away from a place: to run off; to look off toward the west.
4. away from a path, course, etc.; aside: This road branches off to Grove City.
5. so as to be away or on one's way: to start off early; to cast off.
6. away from what is considered normal, regular, standard, or the like: to go off on
at angent.
7. from a charge or price: He took 10 percent off for all cash purchases.
8. at a distance in space or future time: to back off a few feet; Summer is only a
week off.
9. out of operation or effective existence: Turn the lights off.
10. into operation or action: The alarm goes off at noon.
11. so as to interrupt continuity or cause discontinuance: Negotiations have been
broken off.
12. in absence from work, service, a job, etc.: two days off at Christmas.
13. completely; utterly: to kill off all the inhabitants.
14. with prompt or ready performance: to dash a letter off.
15. to fulfillment, or into execution or effect: The contest came off on the
appointed day.
16. into nonexistence or nothingness: My headache passed off soon.
17. so as to be delineated, divided, or apportioned: Mark it off into equal parts.
18. away from a state of consciousness: I must have dozed off.
19. Nautical . away from the land, a ship, the wind, etc.
On
preposition
1. so as to be or remain supported by or suspended from: Put your package down
on the table; Hang yourcoat on the hook.
2. so as to be attached to or unified with: Hang the picture on the wall. Paste the
label on the package.
3.so as to be a covering or wrapping for: Put the blanket on the baby. Put
aluminum foil on the lamb chopsbefore freezing them.
4. in connection, association, or cooperation with; as a part or element of: to serve
on a jury.
5. so as to be a supporting part, base, backing, etc., of: a painting on canvas;
mounted on cardboard;legs on a chair.
6. (used to indicate place, location, situation, etc.): a scar on the face; the book on
the table; a house on19th Street.
7. (used to indicate immediate proximity): a house on the lake; to border on
absurdity.
8. in the direction of: on the left; to sail on a southerly course.
9. (used to indicate a means of conveyance or a means of supporting or supplying
movement): on thewing; This car runs on electricity. Can you walk on your hands? I'll be there on the noon plane.
10. by the agency or means of: drunk on wine; talking on the phone; I saw it on
television.
11. in addition to: millions on millions of stars.
12. with respect or regard to (used to indicate the object of an action directed
against or toward): Let'splay a joke on him. Write a critical essay on Shakespeare.
13. in a state or condition of; in the process of: on strike; The house is on fire!
14. subject to: a doctor on call.
15. engaged in or involved with: He's on the second chapter now.
16. (used to indicate a source or a person or thing that serves as a source or agent):
a duty on importedgoods; She depends on her friends for encouragement.
17. (used to indicate a basis or ground): on my word of honor; The movie is based
on the book.
18. (used to indicate risk or liability): on pain of death.
19. (used to indicate progress toward or completion of an objective): We completed
the project on budget.
20. assigned to or occupied with; operating: Who's on the switchboard this
afternoon?
21. Informal. so as to disturb or affect adversely: My hair dryer broke on me.
22. Informal. paid for by, especially as a treat or gift: Dinner is on me.
23. taking or using as a prescribed measure, cure, or the like: The doctor had her
on a low-salt diet.
24. regularly taking or addicted to: He was on drugs for two years.
25. Informal. with; carried by: I have no money on me.
26. (used to indicate time or occasion): on Sunday; We demand cash on delivery.
27. (used to indicate the object or end of motion): to march on the capital.
28. (used to indicate the object or end of action, thought, desire, etc.): to gaze
on a scene.
29. (used to indicate subject, reference, or respect): views on public matters.
30. (used to indicate an encounter): The pickpocket crept up on a victim.
adverb
31. in, into, or onto a position of being supported or attached: Sew the buttons on.
32. in, into, or onto a position of covering or wrapping: Put your raincoat on.
33. fast to a thing, as for support: Hold on!
34. toward a place, point, activity, or object: to look on while others work.
35. forward, onward, or along, as in any course or process: further on.
36. with continuous activity: to work on.
37. into or in active operation or performance: Turn the gas on.
Onto
preposition
1. to a place or position on; upon; on: to get onto a horse.
2. Informal. in or into a state of awareness about: I'm onto your scheme.
adjective
3. also, surjective. Mathematics . pertaining to a function or map from one
set to another set, therange of which is the entire second set.
Upon
preposition
1. up and on; upward so as to get or be on: He climbed upon his horse and
rode off.
2. in an elevated position on: There is a television antenna upon every house in the
neighborhood.
3. in or into complete or approximate contact with, as an attacker or an important
or pressing occasion:The enemy was upon us and our soldiers had little time to
escape. The Christmas holiday will soon be upon usand we have hardly begun to
buy gifts. The time to take action is upon us.
4. immediately or very soon after: She went into mourning upon her husband's
death.
5. on the occasion of: She was joyful upon seeing her child take his first steps.
6. on (in any of various senses, used as an equivalent of on with no added idea of
ascent or elevation,and preferred in certain cases only for euphonic or metrical reasons): He swore upon his honor as agentleman.
