Comprehension check

Ex. 1. Read the text. Provide each paragraph with an appropriate heading (choose among the proposed variants):

1. Harmful Сhemicals in Sidestream and Mainstream Smoke.

2. Parents Who Smoke Endanger Their Children's Health.

3. Steps to Protect the Nonsmoker.

4. Nonsmokers and Sidestream smoke.

5. Sidestream and Mainstream Smoke.

Ex. 2. Translate paragraphs 3 and 4 in writing.

Ex. 3. Read the text again and choose the correct alternative for each of the following questions:

1. What smoke do you inhale when you are around smokers?

1. sidestream smoke;

2. cigarette smoke;

3. mainstream.

2. What contains harmful chemicals in greater concent rations?

1. mainstream smoke;

2. chewing tobacco;

3. sidestream.

3. Who is annoyed by sidestream smoke?

1. many smokers are;

2. many nonsmokers are;

3. many businessmen are.

4. What may be harmful to children's health?

1. parental cigarette smoking;

2. neighbours' smoking;

3. friend's smoking.

5. Why are many cities passing laws that forbid smoking?

1. to discourage cigarette smoking;

2. to protect the non-smoker;

3. to promote a tobacco – free lifestyle.

Ex. 4 Put 8-10 questions on the text so that they cover its content.

КЛЮЧИ

Раздел 2

2.1.

Ex. 1:

1. She says she has seen the film before.

2. He's already told you he wants to go home.

3. He says he hasn't seen his mother for years.

4. She says she doesn't know how much it costs.

5. She's told me she doesn't like going to parties.

6. They say they have never been to Berlin.

7. He'll say he needs the money to visit his parents.

8. They've told me they can't come on Tuesday.

9. The President will announce that he's going to visit Europe this year.

10. Gemma tells me she can't stand classical music.

11. The pilot has just announced that the plane will land in half an hour.

12. The booking office says that there are no tickets left for tonight's performance.

13. The children say they haven't had anything to eat.

14. He told me he has already seen the play.

15. I've told them I'll come again next year.

16. Simon says he's not felling very well.

17. Jason has just said she has never been to Japan.

18. She'll tell you she's not meeting the students for lunch next week.

Ex. 2:

1. She said (that) she was very tired.

2. He said (that) he would see them soon.

3. She said (that) she was going to the cinema.

4. He said (that) he saw the children quite often.

5. She said (that) she was having a bath.

6. He said (that) he'd already met their parents.

7. She said (that) she'd stayed in a hotel for a few weeks.

8. He said (that) he had to go home to make the dinner.

9. She said (that) she hadn't been waiting long.

10. He said (that) he was listening to the radio.

11. She said (that) she'd tell them the news on Saturday.

12. He said (that) he liked swimming, dancing and playing tennis.

13. She said (that) she could drive.

14. He said (that) he'd walked home after the party.

15. She said (that) she was going to be sick.

16. He said (that) he had to go out to post a letter.

17. She said (that) she'd spoken to Jane last week.

18. He said (that) he was trying to listen to the music.

19. She said (that) she'd phone the office from the airport.

Ex. 3:

1. she can't sleep.

2. he's/he has hurt his back.

3. she says she feels sick all the time.

4. he says he fell over and hurt himself.

Ex. 4:

1. Stokeley Carmichael said (that) black is beautiful.

2. Galileo said (that) the earth moves round the sun.

3. Shakespeare said (that) all the world's a stage.

4. George Orwell said (that) Big Brother is watching you.

Ex. 5:

1. He said (that) he'd seen her that day.

2. She said (that) she didn't like the film.

3. She said (that) they'd gone swimming that day.

4. She said (that) she'd see Mary the following Sunday.

5. He said (that) he'd met her, about three months previously/before.

6. She said (that) Pete and Sue were getting married the next day.

7. He said (that) Stephen was bringing some records to the party that night.

8. She said (that) she really liked the furniture.

9. She said (that) her parents were arriving the next day.

10. They said (that) they had visited her that morning.

11. They said (that) they'd see her the following week.

12. He said (that) they had been there three months before/ previously.

13. He said (that) he was meeting them at four o'clock that day.

Ex. 6:

1. 1998.

2. April.

3. (about) two weeks.

Ex. 7:

1. you.

2. he, your.

3. he, you.

Ex. 8:

1. the next day.

2. the day before/the previous day.

3. that day.

4. here.

5. the week before/the previous week.

Ex. 9:

1. He wanted to know what my name was.

2. She asked how old I was.

3. I asked when the train left.

4. He asked how I was.

5. My mother wanted to know who I was.

6. He wanted to know why I had taken his wallet.

7. She asked how I had got to school.

8. The boy wanted to know where I lived.

9. She asked why Judy hadn't been at the party.

10. My father wanted to know why I hadn't telephoned.

11. The teacher demanded to know why I was so late.

12. The judge inquired why the police hadn't reported the crime.

13. He demanded to know why I wouldn't let him in.

14. We inquired what time the plane arrived.

Ex. 10:

1. She asked if / whether I liked Marlon Brando.

2. He asked if / whether I was enjoying myself.

3. She asked if / whether my father worked there.

4. He asked if I lived near my family.

5. She asked if I was a foreigner.

6. He asked if I had met Danny before.

7. She asked if I was hungry.

8. He asked if I had borrowed his dictionary.

9. She asked if I had finished my exams.

10. He asked if I had invited Judy and Pat.

11. She asked if my brother lived in London.

12. He asked if I knew who had broken the window.

13. She asked if they had told me when they were leaving.

14. He asked if I had lent them my camera.

15. He asked if I had hurt myself.

Ex. 11:

1. He wanted to know which book I had taken.

2. She wanted to know if / whether I was wearing my overcoat.

3. He wanted to know if / whether I had telephoned my mother.

4. She wanted to know if / whether the box was made of cardboard.

5. He wanted to know how much it had cost.

6. She wanted to know if / whether I was seeing the director the next day.

7. He wanted to know what I was doing.

8. She wanted to know how far she had to walk.

9. He wanted to know if / whether I had had anything to eat.

10. She wanted to know if / whether I was in a hurry.

11. He wanted to know when the performance started.

12. She wanted to know how long the journey took.

13. He wanted to know where I had stayed in Paris.

14. She wanted to know if/whether I had had any letters.

Ex. 12:

1. He asked me to pass his suitcase.

2. She asked if I would like some coffee.

3. He asked me to take the children to school for him.

4. She asked me to sit down.

5. He asked me to talk more quietly.

6. She asked if I would like a lift into town.

Ex. 13:

1. After the meal, he insisted on paying.

2. She apologized for not writing.

3. He invited them to come / go round for dinner on Friday evening.

4. The doctor advised her to give up smoking.

5. He admitted that he had been wrong and I had been right.

6. She promised to write every week.

7. She offered to carry the suitcase for me.

8. He suggested going to the theatre on Saturday.

9. The Prime Minister claimed that the newspaper report wasn't true.

10. She reminded him to post the letter.

11. The teacher agreed that it was a difficult exam.

12. The manager refused to give her a pay rise.

13. She boasted that her parents had three cars.

Ex. 14:

1. Tom: Would you like to come for a drive, tomorrow, Ann?

2. Ann: I'd love to. Where are you thinking of going, Tom?

3. Tom: Well, I'll leave it to you.

4. Ann: What about Stratford?

5. I haven't been there for ages.

6. Tom: Good idea! / All right. We might go on the river if it's a fine day.

7. Ann: I wonder what's on at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre.

8. Tom: We'll find out when we get there.

2.2.

Ex. 2: 2. were allowed to; 3. could; 4. were allowed to; 5. were allowed to; 6. could.

Ex. 3: 2. could/couldn't; 3. could; 4. can; 5. wasn't able to; 6. was able to; 7. couldn't; 8. couldn't; 9. could; 10. can.

Ex. 5: 1. He may/might win. 2. I may/might have one. 3. We may/might get one. 4. She may/might be late. 5. They may/might be visiting me.

Ex. 7: 1. can't; 2. must; 3. might; 4. can't; 5. might; 6. must.

Ex. 8: 1. can; 2. could; 3. can; 4. may; 5. might; 6. may; 7. am I allowed to.

Ex. 9: 2. can't; 3. can't; 4. must; 5. can't; 6. must; 7.can't; 8. must; 9. must; 10. must; 11. can't; 12. must.

Ex. 10: 1. must; 2. mustn't; 3. needn't; 4. needn't; 5. mustn't; 6. must; 7. must; 8. don't have to.

Ex. 11: 2. can; 3. mustn't; 4. have to; 5. can; 6. needn't; 7. must; 8. must; 9. mustn't; 10. have to.

2.2.7.

ТЕСТ

Ex. 1: 1. mustn't; 2. Would; 3. might; 4. would; 5. needn't; 6. Shall; 7. had; 8. wouldn't.

Ex. 2: 1. v ; 2. v; 3. to; 4. for; 5. be; 6. v; 7. been; 8. v; 9. v; 10. be.

Ex. 3:

1. We ought to be careful.

2. I was able to finish all my work.

3. It must have been a terrible experience for you.

4. Players aren't allowed/are not allowed to have a drink.

5. You'd/You had better sit down.

6. The report has to be on my desk tomorrow morning.

7. Joanne mightn't have/might not have received my message.

8. Martin can't be jogging in this weather.

9. Tessa would like a cup of coffee.

10. Nancy didn't need to clean the flat.

Ex. 4: 1. asking permission; 2. giving an order; 3. asking for advice; 4. inviting; 5. offering to help; 6. making a suggestion; 7. refusing permission; 8. making a request; 9. expressing a wish.

Ex. 5: 1. have/need; 2. may/might (Also possible: could); 3. has; 4. can; 5. allowed; 6. supposed; 7. shouldn't (Also possible: mustn't); 8. able.

2.3.

Ex. 1:

1с: If you add sugar to a cup of coffee, it tastes sweater.

2f: If you throw salt onto snow, the snow melts.

3a: If you put an apple in a bowl of water, the apple floats.

4e: If you water plants regularly, the plants grow.

5b: If you lie in the sun too long, your skin turns red.

6d: If you take regular exercise, you feel healthy.

Ex. 2: 1. it'll be; 2. I ask; 3. there are; 4. it's; 5. won't cost; 6. share; 7. I see; 8. I'll ask.

Ex. 3: 1. If we do not/don't stop using aerosols, we will/we'll destroy the ozone layer. 2. If we find alternative sources of energy, we will/we'll solve some of our environmental problems. 3. If temperatures go up by a few degrees, sea levels will rise. 4. If we recycle waste, we will/we'll save natural resources. 5. If the population continues to increase, there will not/won't be enough food for everyone.

Ex. 4: 1. If the children go near Nick's dog, it'll bite them. 2. If Rachel fails her driving test, she can take it again. 3. If United lose, Tom will be upset. 4. If the office is closed, Mark won't be able to get in. 5. If Nick arrives a bit earlier, he can help Tom to get things ready. 6. If the party goes on all the night, no one will want to do any work tomorrow. 7. If Emma misses the train, she can get the next one. 8. If Matthew enters the race, he'll probable win it.

Ex. 5: 1. had, would not/wouldn't have to; 2. did, would not/wouldn't get; 3. lived, would be able to; 4. got up, would not/wouldn't be.

Ex. 6: 1. if I had my camera, I could take a photo. 2. if I had a dictionary, I could look the word up. 3. if I wasn't so busy, I'd/ I would write to my friends. 4. if my back wasn't aching, I could play tennis. 5. if Claire loved Henry, she'd/would marry him. 6. if he had a map, he could find the way. 7. if he/David wasn't so clumsy, he wouldn't have so many accidents.

Ex. 7: 1. I'll book; 2. you wouldn't play; 3. we go; 4. I didn't play; 5. it'd be/it would be; 6. you think; 7. you though; 8. it'd be/it would be; 9. it won't do; 10. I wouldn't get.

Ex. 8: 1. The phone isn't working. 2. It might rain. 3. Mike isn't here. 4. The/This spoon isn't silver. 5. Sarah might call.

Ex. 9: 1. hadn't noticed, would have never discovered; 2. had sold, would/could/might have got; 3. had changed, would never have been; 4. had not/hadn't taught, would not/wouldn't have been able to; 5. had not/hadn't been, would/could never have become.

Ex. 10: A) 2. If she had been prepared for her meeting with a new client, the meeting wouldn't have been a disaster. 3. If the client hadn't been disappointed, he wouldn't have refused to do business with the company. 4. If the client hadn't refused to do business with the company, the boss wouldn't have shouted at Sally. 5. If the boss hadn't shouted at Sally, he wouldn't have got upset.

B) 1. If he hadn't argued with his boss, he wouldn't have lost his job. 2. If he hadn't lost his job, he wouldn't have needed money. 3. If he hadn't needed money, he wouldn't have robbed a bank. 4. If he hadn't robbed a bank, the police wouldn't have arrested him. 5. If the police hadn't arrested him, he wouldn't have gone to court. 6. If he hadn't gone to court, the judge wouldn't have sentenced him to ten years in prison. 7. If the judge hadn't sentenced him to ten years in prison, he wouldn't be there now.

Ex. 11: 1. when; 2. if; 3. when; 4. if; 5. if; 6. when; 7. when; 8. when.

Ex. 12: 1. when; 2. when; 3. when; 4. if; 5. if; 6. when; 7. if; 8. if.

Ex. 13: 1. When the alarm rings, 2. If I feel better tomorrow, 3. When this film finishes, 4. If the plan doesn’t work.

Ex. 14: 1. unless you hurry. 2. unless it’s/it is a nice day. 3. unless you’re/you are watching it. 4. unless we get help. 5. unless I liked it.

Ex. 15: 1. if; 2. unless; 3. unless; 4. if; 5. unless; 6. unless.

Ex. 16: 1. You’d/You had better take a coat in case it gets cold. 2. We’d/We had better book a table in case the restaurant is busy. 3. You ought to insure your jewellery in case it gets stolen. 4. I’ll leave you my phone number in case you want to contact me.

Ex. 17: 1. when; 2. unless; 3. if; 4. in case; 5. when.

Ex. 18: 1. have to, will/’ll call; 2. had not/hadn’t watched, would not/wouldn’t have felt; 3. had, would/’d buy; 4. pass, will/could you get; 5. would/’d talk; 6. hurry, will/’ll be; 7. speak, will/’ll ask OR had/’d spoken, would have asked; 8. are/’re; 9. had not/hadn’t burnt, would not/wouldn’t have come; 10. had not/hadn’t moved, would/’d never have met; 11. had, would/’d try; 12. see, will/’ll tell.

Ex. 19: 1c, 2c, 3a, 4b, 5a, 6c, 7a, 8b, 9c, 10a, 11c, 12b, 13a, 14a.

Ex. 20: 1. were; 2. would/’d be able to; 3. would not/wouldn’t have jumped; 4. would/’d call; 5. would/’d have talked; 6. may lose; 7. had/’d saved; 8. take; 9. would/’d go; 10. had/’d asked; 11. were/was; 12. had/’d heard; 13. would/might have sent; 14. would/might feel; 15. could invite; 16. put; 17. like; 18. comes; 19. has.

Ex. 21: 1c, 2b, 3b, 4b, 5c, 6a, 7c, 8a.

Ex. 22: 1. Я, наверное, очень был бы зол, если бы ты привел компанию сюда. 2. Ты был бы сейчас в порядке, если бы вовремя сходил к врачу. 3. Она не была бы бледной и худой, если бы не проболела довольно долгое время. 4. Он бы знал сейчас, что делать, если бы последовал совету отца. 5. Только подумай, если бы я купил те картины, я, наверное, был бы сейчас богатым человеком. 6. Если бы ты вчера сходил к ним, ты бы знал, в чем дело. 7. Если бы Дженет больше практиковалась в английском в прошлом году, она бы говорила превосходно. 8. Я вряд ли злился бы на тебя, если бы ты правильно ответил на мой вопрос. 9. Если бы он был добрым человеком, он бы так не разговаривал с девочкой. 10. Если бы я хорошо ее знал, наверное, я бы тоже пошел к ней на вечеринку. 11. Если бы ты лучше владел английским языком, ты бы перевел текст лучше.

Ex. 23: 1. If he hadn’t lost his job, he wouldn’t be unemployed now. 2. If his pet hadn’t died, he wouldn’t be unhappy now. 3. If she had a mobile phone, she could have been contacted yesterday. 4. If Tom had seen the boss earlier, he wouldn’t be waiting for him now. 5. If he weren’t/wasn’t allergic to seafood, he would have eaten paella last night. 6. If I hadn’t lost my map, I wouldn’t be asking for directions now. 7. If she spoke French, she would have had a good time in Paris now. 8. If he hadn’t lost the race, he would be a champion now. 9. If she had gone to the bank yesterday, she would have some money now. 10. If they hadn’t gone to a party last night, they wouldn’t be tired now. 11. If I hadn’t crashed my car, I wouldn’t be taking the bus today.

Ex. 24: A) 1. I wish I didn’t have to share the bathroom. 2. I wish the kitchen wasn’t/weren‘t such a mess. 3. I wish my tutors weren’t so strict. 4. I wish the classes weren’t so hard to understand. 5. I wish the people were friendly. 6. I wish I could visit my family and friends./I wish my family and friends weren’t so far away. 7. I wish I had some friends.

B) 1. I wish I had known more about the company. 2. I wish I hadn’t been nervous. 3. I wish I had shaken hands with my interviewer. 4. I wish I hadn’t forgotten what I wanted to say. 5. I wish I had answered the interviewer’s questions properly. 6. I wish my letter of application hadn’t been badly typed. 7. I wish I hadn’t spilt the cup of tea I was given.

C) 1. I wish people wouldn’t stare at me everywhere I go. 2. I wish people wouldn’t always ask me to sing at parties. 3. I wish magazines wouldn’t print false stories about my private life. 4. I wish photographers wouldn’t take photos of me all the time. 5. I wish people wouldn’t make me sign autographs wherever I go. 6. I wish people would give me some privacy.

Ex. 25: 1. hope; 2. hope; 3. wish; 4. wish; 5. wish; 6. hope;. 7. wish; 8. hope; 9. hope; 10. wish.

Ex. 26: 1. I wish you wouldn’t make rude remarks about me. 2. I wish you would/’d hurry up. 3. I wish you would/’d do the washing-up. 4. I wish you would/’d tell me the whole story. 5. I wish you wouldn’t blow cigarette smoke in my face. 6. I wish you would/’d tell me what you’re thinking.

Ex. 27: 1. I wish/If only I wasn’t so tired. 2. I wish/If only I didn’t get (these) headaches. 3. I wish/If only my work as going well/better. 4. I wish/If only I could concentrate. 5. I wish/If only life wasn’t so complicated.

Ex. 28: 1. I had/’d caught it. 2. she had/’d stayed (there). 3. she had/’d accepted it. 4. I had/’d found it. OR I could have found it. 5. he could have played.

Ex. 29: 1. could play; 2. would stop; 3. had come; 4. would stop; 5. had studied; 6. were/was; 7. hadn’t/had not spoken; 8. would call; 9. had done; 10. would make; 11. could go.

Ex. 30: 1. If we hadn’t got stuck in the traffic, we wouldn’t have been late for work. 2. If you paid more attention in class, you would understand everything. 3. If they had called before they came, I would/could have cooked something. 4. If Tim weren’t so selfish, he would make friends much more easily. 5. If Sandra hadn’t got up late today, we could/would have gone shopping together. 6. If you hadn’t left the door unlocked, the thieves would not/wouldn’t have broken in.

Ex. 31: 1. I wish I didn’t have to get up. If I didn’t have to get up, I would/could stay in bed for another hour. 2. I wish I had been more careful. If I had been more careful, I wouldn’t have got into the accident. 3. I wish she weren’t/wasn’t always shouting at me. If she weren’t/wasn’t always shouting at me, I could concentrate on my work. 4. I wish he would call me. If he called me, I could/would stop worrying.

Ex. 32: 1. A: Would you rather eat pizza or spaghetti for dinner? 2. A: Would you rather play cards or chess this evening? 3. A: Would you rather work in a bank or a school? 4. A: Would you rather have a dog or a cat as a pet? 5.A: Would you rather learn French or German at school? (B: your own answers.)

Ex. 33: 1. … I’d rather you cooked it. 2. … I’d rather you went. 3. … I’d rather you washed them. 4. … I’d rather you emptied it. 5. … I’d rather you ironed them. 6. … I’d rather you cleaned it.

Ex. 34: 1. have stayed; 2. didn’t touch; 3. not go; 4. take; 5. had invited; 6. study, to go out; 7. not book; 8. not talk; 9. didn’t leave; 10. have eaten; 11. had seen.

Ex. 35: 1. learnt; 2. didn’t touch; 3. had heard; 4. had known; 5. made; 6. had saved; 7. had realized; 8. knew; 9. hadn’t opened; 10. met; 11. had called; 12. spent; 13. knew; 14. had been seen.

Ex. 36: 1. were/was; 2. had been made; 3. had known; 4. were/was; 5 had never seen; 6. were/was; 7. had just stepped off; 8. had been; 9. had just received; 10. were/was; 11. were; 12. were/was; 13. had seen.

Ex. 37: 1b, 2c, 3c, 4a, 5c, 6c, 7b, 8a, 9b, 10a, 11b, 12a, 13b, 14a, 15c.

Ex. 38: 1. I wish I had bought that old house. 2. I’d rather you didn’t eat all the bread. 3. It’s time I went. 4. I wish I owned a motorbike. 5. I wish we were not leaving in the morning. 6. Sue would rather read than watch television. 7. I wish I had listened to you before.

Ex. 39: 1. high; 2. would; 3. would; 4. Be; 5. could/would; 6. were; 7. look; 8. Suppose/Supposing; 9. were; 10. hope.

Ex. 40: 1. Possible; 2. Impossible; 3. Possible; 4. Impossible; 5. Possible; 6. Possible; 7. Impossible; 8. Impossible; 9. Possible.

Ex. 41: 1. … I hadn’t drunk so much last night. 2. … there was an earthquake, what would you do? 3. … do the shopping and I’ll cook lunch. 4. … to find some buried treasures, what would you do? 5. … Pauline’s interest, the project would have been abandoned. 6. … to find my wallet, could you let me know? 7. … am late, start without me. 8. … been for the night-watchman, the fire wouldn’t have been brought under control. 9. … hadn’t recognised him, Dick wouldn’t be in prison.

2.3.5.

ТЕСТ

Ex. 1: 1. there’ll be; 2. it would have opened; 3. disappear; 4. travelled; 5. would be; 6. they don’t build; 7. would suffer; 8. I’ll go/I’m going to go; 9. I’d/I had known; 10. I’d/I would have moved; 11. they’d/they had done; 12. there won’t be/there might not be.

Ex. 2: 1b, 2b, 3d, 4c, 5a, 6b, 7c.

Ex. 3: 1. If you talk about football, I’m going to be very bored. 2. If the baby had cried, we wouldn’t have had a good sleep. 3. If you want a chat, just give me a ring. 4. If Nigel had satellite TV, he could watch/would be able to watch the game. 5. If you go away, I’ll miss you. 6. If I was/were rich, I’d/I would have given up working long ago. 7. If we’d/we had bought that picture five years ago, it would be quite valuable now. 8. If you throw a stone into water, it sinks. OR If you throw a stone into water, it’ll/it will sink.

Ex. 4: 1. If it rains, I’ll stay here. 2. Can you tell me when it starts? 3. I wouldn’t need to repeat things all the time if you listened. 4. If air gets warmer, it rises. 5. I’d better get another one made in case I lose it. 6. I wish we’d/we had left home earlier. 7. If it doesn’t arrive today, we’ll have to complain. 8. I wish someone would turn it down. 9. Unless we act quickly, it’ll be too late. 10. But he wouldn’t have been angry if you hadn’t damaged his stereo.