Ex. 1. Read the international words and guess their meaning. Mind the stress:

role	'rational	'concentrate	dis'tribute
form	'principle	'delegate	com'mand
fact	'social	'maximum	po'sition
line	'specialist	'functional	de'partment
'policy	'conflict	'service	indi'vidual
'modify	'centralised	rou'tine	manu'facturing
'expert	'technical	al'ternative	perso'nnel
'formal	'discipline	ex'clusively	communi'cation

Ex. 2. Memorise the following pairs of derivatives:

V → N	N → Adj	Adj → Adv
decide – decision	organisation – organisational	exact – exactly
communicate – communication	ratio – rational	direct – directly
work – worker	exception – exceptional	exclusive – exclusively
guide – guidance	function – functional

Ex. 3. Transform as in the models:

Model A: to understand the process → understanding of the process

to distribute authority, to lose discipline.

Model B: output of production → production output

head of department, goals and policies of company, guidance of expert, structure of business.

Model C: rapid expansion → to expand rapidly

exact description, direct answer, exclusive concentration.

Ex. 4. Match English and Russian equivalents.

1. to prescribe the tasks and activities	a. наделять полномочиями
2. to meet objectives	b. управлять в исключительных обстоятельствах
3. to take place	c. обеспечивать руководство специалиста
4. to delegate authority	d. осуществлять техническое обслуживание
5. to devote attention	e. соответствовать целям
6. to handle exceptional condition	f. назначать задания и мероприятия
7. to perform technical services	g. происходить
8. to provide expert guidance	h. уделять внимание

Ex. 5. Choose the right word:

1. Formal organisations are arranged according to ____________.

a) rational principles;

b) employees' likes and dislikes;

c) manager's wishes.

2. The informal organisation develops from _________________.

a) rational principles;

b) employees' likes and dislikes

c) manager's wishes.

2. A centralised organisation is one in which almost all of the authority is concentrated in a few positions ________________.

a) of supervisors;

b) at the top;

c) of selected employees.

2. A decentralised organisation delegates much more authority to _.

1. top managers;

b) middle-level managers;

c) ordinary employees.

2. The line organisation has a distinct advantage in its _________.

a) mobility;

b) complexity;

c) simplicity.

Ex. 6. Insert the right preposition/adverb:

1. Management sets ___ the structure and rules. 2. The organisation forms the framework ___ which all other activities take place. 3. Organisations can also vary ___ the extent ___ which authority is distributed ___ the chain of command. 4. The line organisation has a distinct advantage ___ its simplicity. 5. The production manager would concentrate exclusively ___ production. 6. It allows managers to specialise ___ one particular area of operations.