Ex. 23. Rewrite the sentences, as in the example:

E.g. He doesn't know her. That's why he didn't speak to her.

If he knew her, he would have spoken to her.

1. He lost his job. He is unemployed now.

2. His pet died. That's why he is unhappy now.

3. She doesn't have a mobile phone. That's why she couldn't be contacted yesterday.

4. Tom didn't see the boss earlier. He's waiting for him now.

5. He is allergic to seafood. That's why he didn't eat paella last night.

6. I lost my map. That's why I'm asking for directions now.

7. She doesn't speak French. She didn't have a good time in Paris.

8. He lost the race. He is not the champion now.

9. She didn't go to the bank yesterday. That's why she hasn't got any money now.

10. They went to a party last night. That's why they are tired now.

11. I crashed my car. That's why I'm taking the bus today.

2.3.3. Пожелания Wishes

Чтобы выразить свое какое-либо желание, мы можем использовать глагол wish и выражение if only. If only более эмоционально по своему значению, чем I wish.

• wish/if only + past simple/past continuous: когда нам нужно сказать, что мы хотели бы, чтобы что-то в настоящем было иначе.

E.g. I wish/If only I had a room of my own. Я хотел бы, чтобы/если бы только у меня была своя комната. (Но у меня нет своей комнаты.)

• wish/if only + past perfect: когда нам нужно выразить сожаление о том, что что-то случилось или не случилось в прошлом.

E.g. I wish I had got your message earlier. Жаль, что я не получил твое сообщение раньше.

If only I had talked to him. Если бы я только с ним поговорил. (Но я не поговорил.)

• wish/if only + would: а) вежливая просьба

E.g. I wish you would stop shouting. (= Please, stop shouting.)

Я хотел бы, чтобы ты перестал кричать.

б) выражает пожелание перемен или изменение в ситуации или чьем-то поведении, так как нас это беспокоит.

E.g. I wish the wind would stop blowing.

Хоть бы прекратился ветер.

If only John would stop insulting people.

Хоть бы Джон перестал обижать людей.

• После I и we в качестве подлежащего вместо would употребляется could.

E.g. I wish we could go to the party.

• После wish/if only можно употреблять were вместо was.

E.g. I wish she were/was more sensitive.

Ex. 24. A. Wendy has just started university. It isn't what she expected, and she is disappointed. Read what she says and express her wishes:

E.g. My room is so small. – I wish my room wasn't/weren't so small.

1. I have to share the bathroom.

2. The kitchen is such a mess.

3. My tutors are strict.

4. The classes are so hard to understand.

5. The people are not friendly.

6. I can't visit my family and friends because they are so far away.

7. I don't have any friends.

B. Jason has been for an interview. He did not get a job. Read what he says and express his regrets.

1. I didn't know much about the company.

2. I was nervous.

3. I didn't shake hands with my interviewer.

4. I forgot what I wanted to say.

5. I didn't answer the interviewer's questions properly.

6. My letter of application was badly typed.

7. I split the cup of tea I was given.

C. Elise is a famous singer. These are some the things she finds annoying. Read what she says and express her wishes for changes.

1. People stare at me everywhere I go.

2. People always ask me to sing at parties.

3. Magazines print false stories about my private life.

4. Photographers take photos of me all the time.

5. People make me sign autographs wherever I go.

6. People never give me any privacy.

Ex. 25. Choose between hope and wish in each sentence:

1. I … I'll see you again soon.

2. I … the weather improves soon.

3. I … I knew the answer.

4. I … you didn't have to go.

5. I … you'd stop shouting so much.

6. I … nothing goes wrong.

7. I … it would stop raining.

8. I … you can come to my party.

9. I … you don't mind.

10. I … we could meet next week.

Ex. 26. What might you say in these situations? Begin I wish …

E.g. to someone who never answers your e-mails

I wish you'd/I would answer my e-mails:

1. to someone who makes rude remarks about you;

2. to someone who won't hurry up;

3. to someone who never does the washing-up;

4. to someone who isn't telling you the whole story;

5. to someone who blows cigarette smoke in your face;

6. to someone who won't tell you what he's thinking.

Ex. 27. Vicky is fed up. What is she saying? Use I wish or if only:

E.g. (she can't think straight.) I wish I could think straight.

1. (She is so tired.) …

2. (She gets headaches.) …

3. (Her work isn't going well.) …

4. (She can't concentrate.) …

5. (Life is so complicated.) …

Ex. 28. Complete the sentences. Use these words: accepted, caught, found, played, saved, stayed:

E.g. I spent all my money. I wish now that I had saved it.

1. I missed the train. I really wish …

2. Rita left the party early. Nick wishes …

3. Emma refused the offer. But her parents wish …

4. I looked everywhere for the key. I wish …

5. The injured player could only watch. He wishes …

Ex. 29. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense:

1. A: I wish I … (play) a musical instrument.

B: You should take lessons.

2. A: If only the wind … (stop) blowing so hard.

B: Yes, it's very windy today, isn't it?

3. A: I wish John … (come) with us.

B: So do I. He would have really enjoyed it.

4. A: Paul, I wish you … (stop) making so much noise.

B: Sorry, I'll try.

5. A: I wish I … (be) young again.

B: So do I. We had some good times back then.

6. A: I wish I … (study) more when I was at school.

B: It doesn't matter now. You've got a good job.

7. A: I wish I … (not/speak) to Jane like that.

B: Don't worry. I'm sure she'll forgive you.

8. A: If only Bob … (call) me.

B: Well, he promised to call today.

9. A: I'm exhausted. I wish I … (do) some of the housework yesterday.

B: Sorry I wasn't here to help you.

10. A: I wish you … (make) less noise when you come in.

B: It's not my fault. The door squeaks when you open it.

11. A: Are you going to your school reunion party next week?

B: No. I wish I … (go) because I would like to see everyone again.

Ex. 30. Rewrite the sentences using the correct conditional type, as in the example:

E.g. I wish Jack was here (he/help us).

If Jack were here, he would help us.

1. I wish we hadn't got stuck in traffic (we/be late for work).

2. I wish you paid more attention in class (you/understand everything).

3. I wish they had called before they came (I/cook something).

4. I wish Tim weren't so selfish (he/make friends much more easily).

5. I wish Sandra hadn't got up today (we/go shopping together).

6. I wish you hadn't left the door unlocked (thieves/break in).

Ex. 31. Complete the wishes. Also make correct conditional sentences:

1. I've got to get up. I wish … (have to get up). If I … (have to get up), I … (stay in bed for another hour).

2. I should have been more careful. I wish … (be more careful). If I … (be more careful), I … (not get into the accident).

3. She's always shouting at me. I wish she … (shout at me). If she … (shout at me), I … (concentrate on my work).

4. He hasn't called me yet. I wish he … (call me). If he … (call me), I … (stop worrying).

   • Для того, чтобы дать совет или сказать, что лучше всего сделать в определенной ситуации, употребляется конструкция had better + bare infinitive.

E.g. You had/'d better take some warm clothes with you. Тебе лучше взять с собой теплую одежду. (= You should/ought to take …)

I'd better not call him now; he'll be busy.

Лучше я не буду звонить ему сейчас, он будет занят.

Had better имеет более сильное значение, чем should/ought to, но не такое сильное, как must.

E.g. You must call a doctor.

Ты должен вызвать врача. Настойчивая рекомендация.

You had better call a doctor.

Тебе лучше вызвать врача. Совет – пожелание.

You should/ought to call a doctor.

Тебе следует вызвать врача. Совет – мнение.

• Для того, чтобы выразить предпочтение, используется конструкция would rather (= would prefer to – предпочел бы).

E.g. I'm busy. I'd rather not take a break now.

Я занят. Я, пожалуй, не буду делать перерыв сейчас.

• Когда подлежащее конструкции would rather совпадает с подлежащим, следующего за конструкцией глагола, предложение выглядит следующим образом:

а) would rather + bare present infinitive (present/future)

E.g. I'd rather stay at home tonight.

Я, пожалуй, останусь дома сегодня вечером.

б) would rather + bare perfect infinitive (past)

E.g. I'd rather have gone on holiday to Italy last summer.

Я предпочел бы поехать в отпуск в Италию прошлым летом.

• Когда подлежащее конструкции would rather не совпадает с подлежащим следующего за ней глагола, используется следующая конструкция:

а) would rather + past tense (present/future)

E.g. I'd rather Tim did the shopping today.

Я предпочел бы, чтобы Тим пошел за покупками сегодня.

б) would rather + past perfect (past)

E.g. I'd rather Kate hadn't spend so much money yesterday.

Я предпочел бы, чтобы Кейт не тратила так много денег вчера.

Ex. 32. Ask and answer questions using the prompts below and the above mentioned construction. The choice of answer is yours:

E.g. A: Would you rather go on holiday to Spain or Italy?

B: I'd rather go to Spain than Italy.

1. eat pizza or spaghetti for dinner?

2. play cards or chess this evening?

3. work in a bank or a school?

4. have a dog or a cat as a pet?

5. learn French or German at school?

Ex. 33. Complete the sentences saying that you would prefer if someone else does it:

1. I'll cook dinner if you really want me to, but …

2. I'll go to the supermarket if you really want me to, but …

3. I'll wash the dishes if you really want me to, but …

4. I'll empty the rubbish bin if you really want me to, but …

5. I'll iron the clothes if you really want me to, but …

6. I'll clean the bathroom if you really want me to, but …

Ex. 34. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form:

1. A: Did you enjoy the party last night?

B: No, I'd rather … (stay) at home.

2. A: Shall I dust the computer, Tom?

B: I'd rather you … (not/touch) it, actually. I'll do it myself.

3. A: I've got a terrible cold.

B: You'd better … (not/go) to work today, then.

4. A: I'm going to work now.

B: I think it's going to rain today. You'd better … (take) your umbrella with you.

5. A: I didn't enjoy Ben's party. I would rather he … (invite) more people.

B: Oh! I enjoyed it.

6. A: You had better … (study) hard this weekend for the exam on Monday.

B: I will.

7. A: We'd better … (not/book) a taxi to bring us home tonight.

B: You are right. We might want to stay late.

8. A: They are organizing a party for Susan's birthday.

B: I know, but it's a secret, so we'd better … (not/talk) about it in case she hear us.

9. A: I'd rather you … (not/leave) your shoes in the kitchen every time you come home from school.

B: Sorry, I keep forgetting.

10. A: I didn't enjoy my lunch today. I'd rather … (eat) something else.

B: I'll make you some sandwiches tomorrow then.

11. A: Did you enjoy the film last night?

B: Not really. I would rather we … (see) a comedy instead.