- •28 Июня 2002 г., протокол № 11
- •Isbn 985-6705-17-7
- •Раздел I
- •1.1. Содержание зачета по английскому языку
- •1.2. Образцы заданий
- •1.2.1. Образец лексико-грамматического теста
- •1.2.2. Образцы текстов для чтения Специальность "Правоведение" social conditions and crime
- •1.2.3. Образцы текстов для чтения Специальность "Менеджмент" a brand new image
- •1.2.4. Образцы текстов для чтения Специальность "Социальная работа" Jane Addams
- •Образец ситуации Fields of Social Work
- •1.3. Рекомендации по подготовке к зачету по английскому языку
- •Для студентов специальности "Правоведение"
- •Для студентов специальности "Менеджмент"
- •Для студентов специальности "Социальная работа"
- •1.4. Рекомендации по выполнению и оформлению контрольных работ
- •1.5. Контрольные работы
- •1.5.1. Специальность "Правоведение" Контрольная работа № 3 Вариант 1
- •Reading crime prevention
- •Comprehension check
- •Language work
- •Grammar practice Ex. 11. Reported statements and questions. Put the following into indirect speech:
- •Контрольная работа № 3 Вариант 2
- •Reading child abuse
- •Comprehension check
- •Language work
- •Grammar practice Ex. 11. Reported statements and questions. Put the following into indirect speech:
- •Ex. 12. Reported сommands:
- •Ex. 13. Read the story in a) and write the actual words of the conversation in b): the marriage proposal
- •1.5.2. Специальность "Менеджмент" Контрольная работа № 3 Вариант 1
- •Ex. 1. Before you read the text look at the following words and try to guess what the text is about:
- •Ex. 2. Choose a suitable word from those above and complete the sentences below:
- •Reading broad banding
- •Comprehension check Ex. 3. Which of the following is the main idea of the text:
- •Ex. 4. Mark the following statements as true or false:
- •Ex. 5. Read the text again and write a question to each of the following answers:
- •Ex. 6. Complete the sentences according to the text:
- •Language work Ex. 7. Choose the synonyms from the box to the highlighted words:
- •Ex. 8 Use the words given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line:
- •Ex. 9. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions or adverbs:
- •Grammar practice Ex. 10 Reported statements and questions. Put the following into indirect speech:
- •Контрольная работа № 3 Вариант 2
- •Ex. 1. Before you read the text look at the following words and try to guess what the text is about:
- •Ex. 2. Choose a suitable word from those above and complete the sentences below:
- •Reading managers and motivation
- •Comprehension check Ex. 3. Which of the following is the main idea of the text:
- •Ex. 4. Mark the following statements as true or false:
- •Ex. 5. Read the text again and write a question to each of the following answers:
- •Ex. 6. Complete the sentences according to the text:
- •Language work Ex. 7. Choose the synonyms from the box to the highlighted words:
- •Ex. 8. Use the words given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line:
- •Ex. 9. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions or adverbs:
- •Grammar practice Ex. 10. Reported statements and questions. Put the following into indirect speech:
- •Ex. 11. Reported сommands.
- •Ex. 12. Read the story in a) and write the actual words of the conversation in b) the marriage proposal
- •1.5.3. Специальность "Социальная работа" Контрольная работа № 3 Вариант 1
- •Reading social psychology
- •Comprehension check
- •Language work
- •Grammar practice Ex. 10 Reported statements and questions. Put the following into indirect speech:
- •Контрольная работа № 3 Вариант 2
- •Reading psychotherapy
- •Comprehension check
- •Language work
- •Grammar practice Ex. 10. Reported statements and questions. Put the following into indirect speech:
- •Ex. 11. Reported сommands. Choose the verb that can be used to report the direct speech. Tick (V) the correct box:
- •Ex. 12. Read the story in a) and write the actual words of the conversation in b) the marriage proposal
- •Раздел 2. Грамматика
- •2.1. Прямая и косвенная речь. Direct and indirect/reported speech
- •2.1.1. Правила перевода прямой речи в косвенную
- •2.1.2. Вопросительные предложения в косвенной речи
- •Или She inquired (wanted to know) where the booking-office was.
- •Он сказал: "Вы будете там завтра?"
- •2.1.3. Повелительные предложения в косвенной речи
- •Indirect Speech – She warned the children not to swim too far.
- •2.1.4. Передача восклицания в косвенной речи
- •2.1.5. Передача косвенной речи в прямую речь Ex. 14. Put the following into direct speech, using a dialogue form:
- •2.1.6. Test
- •When I saw Michelle yesterday …
- •When I saw my friends yesterday …
- •When I saw Susan yesterday …
- •2.2. Модальные глаголы
- •2.2.1. Общие сведения
- •2.2.2. Модальный глагол "can" table I
- •Ex. 3. Fill in the gaps with can, can't, could, couldn't or was/wasn't able to:
- •2.2.3. Модальный глагол "may" table II
- •2.2.4. Модальные глаголы "must, have to, need, be to" table III
- •2.2.5. Модальные глаголы should, ought to table IV
- •2.2.6. Revision
- •2.2.7. Тест Modal verbs
- •2.3. Conditionals Условные предложения
- •2.3.1. Типы условных предложений
- •Ex. 5. Paraphrase the sentences in order to make Type 2 conditional sentences:
- •Ex. 8. What does the if – clause mean? Write a sentence with isn't or might:
- •Ex. 12. Fill in: if or when:
- •Если ты не выйдешь сейчас же, ты опоздаешь на автобус.
- •Ex. 18. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense:
- •Ex. 19. Choose the correct answer:
- •Ex. 20. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense:
- •Ex. 21. Choose the correct answer:
- •2.3.2. Условные предложения смешанного типа Mixed Conditionals
- •Ex. 23. Rewrite the sentences, as in the example:
- •2.3.3. Пожелания Wishes
- •Нереальные условия в настоящем и прошлом The Unreal Present and Past
- •2.2.5. Тест
- •Раздел 3. Чтение
- •3.1. Специальность "Правоведение"
- •Topic 1. Lawyer
- •Vocabulary
- •Topic 2. What is a crime?
- •Vocabulary
- •Topic 3. The causes of crime
- •Vocabulary
- •Topic 4. Punishment
- •Vocabulary
- •Topic 5. From the history of capital punishment
- •Vocabulary
- •Comprehension check
- •Text 2. Forms of crime
- •Comprehension check
- •Text 3. Someone is burgled every two minutes in the uk
- •Comprehension check
- •Text 4. Keep your car safe
- •Comprehension check
- •Text 5. It's interesting to know
- •Comprehension check
- •Text 6. Prisons
- •Comprehension check
- •Text 7. Crime in sweden
- •Comprehension check
- •3.3. Специальность "Менеджмент" устные темы Topic 1. The work of a manager
- •Ex. 1. Read the international words and guess their meaning. Mind the stress:
- •Ex. 2. Memorise the following pairs of derivatives:
- •Ex. 3. Find the synonyms in the text to the following words:
- •Ex. 4. Match English and Russian equivalents:
- •Ex. 5. Choose the right word:
- •Ex. 6. Insert the right preposition:
- •Ex. 7. Use the words in the sentences of your own:
- •Ex. 8. Mark the sentences that are true:
- •Ex. 9. Answer the questions to the text:
- •Topic 2. Management functions Task: read the text, get ready to render its content in English:
- •Ex. 1. Read the international words and guess their meaning. Mind the stress:
- •Ex. 2. Memorise the following pairs of derivatives:
- •Ex. 3. Transform as in the models:
- •Ex. 4. Match English and Russian equivalents:
- •Ex. 5. Choose the right word:
- •Ex. 6. Insert the right preposition/adverb:
- •Ex. 1. Read the international words and guess their meaning. Mind the stress:
- •Ex. 2. Memorise the following pairs of derivatives:
- •Ex. 3. Transform as in the models:
- •Ex. 4. Match English and Russian equivalents.
- •Ex. 5. Choose the right word:
- •Ex. 6. Insert the right preposition/adverb:
- •Ex. 7. Use the words and word combinations in the sentences of your own:
- •Ex. 8. Mark the sentences that are true:
- •Ex. 9. Answer the questions to the text:
- •Topic 4. Personnel management Task: read the text, get ready to render its content in English:
- •Ex. 1. Read the international words and guess their meaning. Mind the stress:
- •Ex. 2. Memorise the following pairs of derivatives:
- •Ex. 3. Transform as in the models:
- •Ex. 4. Match English and Russian equivalents:
- •Ex. 5. Choose the right word:
- •Ex. 6. Insert the right preposition:
- •Ex. 1. Read the international words and guess their meaning. Mind the stress:
- •Ex. 2. Memorise the following pairs of derivatives:
- •Ex. 3. Find the synonyms in the text to the following words:
- •Ex. 4. Match English and Russian equivalents:
- •Ex. 5. Choose the right variant:
- •Ex. 6. Insert the right preposition:
- •Ex. 7. Insert the right word:
- •Ex. 8. Mark the sentences that are true:
- •Ex. 4. Put 8-10 questions on the text so that they cover its content. Text 2. How a corporation operates
- •Ex. 4. Put 8-10 questions on the text so that they cover its content. Text 3. Other forms of business
- •Ex. 4. Put 8-10 questions on the text so that they cover its content. Text 4. Choice of ownership form
- •Ex. 4. Put 5-7 questions on the text so that they cover its content. Text 5. Approaches to management
- •Text 6. Decision-making techniques
- •Comprehension check Ex. 1. Read the text. Decide which sentence goes in each of the gaps in the text:
- •Ex. 2. Translate paragraph 4 in writing. Ex. 3. Read the text again and choose the correct alternative for each of the following questions:
- •Ex. 4. Put 5-7 questions on the text so that they cover its content. Text 7. Plans and planning process
- •Comprehension check Ex. 1. Read the text. Decide which sentence goes in each of the gaps in the text:
- •Ex. 2. Translate paragraphs 2 and 3 in writing. Ex. 3. Read the text again and choose the correct alternative for each of the following questions:
- •Topic 1. Social work. History
- •Ex.1 Read these international words and guess their meaning. Mind the stress:
- •Topic 2. Fields of social work
- •Ex. 1 Read these international words and guess their meaning. Mind the stress:
- •Ex. 2. Complete the following table with the appropriate verb or noun:
- •Topic 3. Social work profession
- •Topic 4. Types of social workers
- •Topic 5. Social work agencies and training social workers
- •3.6. Специальность "Социальная работа"
- •Тексты для чтения
- •Texts for Reading
- •Text 1. Bases of psychology
- •Ex. 4. Put 8-10 questions on the text so that they cover its content. Text 2. Major schools of psychology
- •12. Psychoanalysis was founded during the late 1800's and early 1900's by the Austrian doctor Sigmund Freud. F) _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
- •Comprehension check
- •Ex. 2. Translate paragraph 1, 2 in writing.
- •Text 3. Communication in relationships
- •Comprehension check
- •Text 4. Adulthood
- •Comprehension check
- •Text 5. Social aspects of aging
- •Comprehension check
- •Text 6. Choosing lifetime sports
- •Comprehension check
- •Text 7. The social aspects of smoking
- •Comprehension check
- •Раздел 2
- •Раздел 3
- •Topic 1
- •Topic 2
- •Topic 3
- •Topic 4
- •Topic 5
- •Topic 5
- •Topic 1
- •Topic 2
- •Topic 3
- •Topic 4
- •Topic 5
- •Содержание
- •Английский язык
- •Белорусского государственного университета.
- •220 037, Минск, ул. Ботаническая, 15.
- •220 037, Минск, ул. Ботаническая, 15. Тел. 233-98-46.
2.2.4. Модальные глаголы "must, have to, need, be to" table III
№ |
Значение |
Примеры |
Перевод |
Примечания |
I. |
Необходимость, обязательство, долг а) субъективное мнение |
1. I must do a lot of work today.
2. I must stop smoking. 3. I must wash up the dishes before we go.
4. I must have breakfast now and leave for the station at 8.30 5. I'll have to see the dentist tomorrow. 6. I had to stop smoking. 7. When I changed my job I had to move to another flat. |
Сегодня мне нужно (я должен) сделать много работы. Я должен (мне надо) бросить курить. Мне нужно вымыть посуду, прежде чем мы уйдем.
Сейчас я должен позавтракать и уехать на вокзал в 8.30. Завтра мне нужно будет сходить к зубному врачу. Мне пришлось бросить курить. Когда я поменял работу, мне пришлось переехать на другую квартиру.
|
В этом значении must употребляется только в настоящем времени; отрицательная форма – mustn't
В будущем и прош. времени употребляется глагол have to + инф. основного глагола.
|
№ |
Значение |
Примеры |
Перевод |
Примечания |
|
б) объективно обусловленное отношение, нужда |
8. I'll have to stay at home because my daughter has fallen ill. 9. Mr. Brown has to work very hard to keep his garden in good condition.
10. Jack had to get up very early because he lived a long way from the university. 11. What time do you have to get to work? |
Мне придется (я должна) остаться дома. У меня заболела дочь. Г-ну Брауну приходится много работать, чтобы сад всегда был в хорошем состоянии. Джеку приходилось рано вставать, потому что он жил далеко от университета.
В котором часу вам нужно приходить на работу? |
В этом значении употребляется глагол have to в утвердительной и вопросительной формах настоящего, прошедшего и будущего времени. |
в) конкретная необходимость |
12. I've got to see the dentist tomorrow.
13. I've got to sell this house. |
Завтра мне нужно сходить к зубному врачу. Мне нужно продать этот дом. |
В американском варианте это значение передается формой have to. |
|
II. |
Отсутствие необходимости |
14. You don't have to {don't need to, needn't) tell George about it. 15. You needn't worry about that. |
Нет необходимости (не нужно) рассказывать об этом Джоржу. Тебе не стоит об этом беспокоится. |
Эти три формы пере дают отсутствие обязательства, необходимости. |
16. You don't need to get a visa if you go there. |
Вам не нужно получать визу, если вы туда едете. |
Постоянная необходимость. |
||
17. I didn't need to go to the station. 18. You won't need to book a room at a hotel. |
Мне не нужно было ехать на вокзал. Вам не нужно будет бронировать номер в гостинице. |
Need как обычный глагол употребляется в прош. и будущ. времени (отсутствие неоходимости действия). |
№ |
Значение |
Примеры |
Перевод |
Примечания |
|
|
19. I needn't have gone to the station. Mr. Brown arrived by plane. 20. You needn't have bought all that wine. Only five people came. 21. We've sent for a doctor.– You needn't have done it. I am perfectly well. 22. I've made two copies. – You needn't have made two. One would have been enough. |
Я напрасно (зря) ездил на вокзал. Г-н Браун прилетел самолетом. Ты зря покупал (не стоило покупать) все это вино. Пришли только пять человек. Мы послали за доктором. – Вы напрасно это сделали. Я абсолютно здоров.
Я сделала две копии. – Ты напрасно сделала две. Одной было бы достаточно. |
Констатируется отсутствие необходимости действия, которое совершилось.
|
III. |
Договоренность, запланированное действие; обязанность, поручение, распоряжение, приказание. |
23. The Queen is to visit Japan next year. 24. There's to be a meeting on Friday. 25. Jane and I are to meet at 7 o'clock. 26. I am to inform you that Mr. Green won't be able to see you tomorrow. 27. You are not to touch my books. 28. You are to do your homework before you watch TV.
29. The Queen was to visit Japan the following year. |
Королева посетит Японию в следующем году. В пятницу состоится митинг.
Мы с Джейн встречаемся в семь чacoв.
Мне поручено сообщить вам, что г-н Грин не сможет встретиться с вами завтра. Не трогай мои книги. Сделай уроки, прежде чем смотреть телевизор. (Сначала ...сделаешь...потом будешь смотреть). В следующем году королева должна была посетить Японию. |
"Be" на русский язык можно не переводить. Употребляется в наст. и прошедш. времени. |
№ |
Значение |
Примеры |
Перевод |
Примечания |
|
|
30. I was to have started work last week but then I changed my mind. 31. The concert was to have been yesterday. |
Я должен был начать работу на прошлой неделе, но затем передумал. Концерт должен был быть вчера, (но не состоялся). |
Was + перфектный инфинитив означает, что запланированное действие не совершилось. |
IV.
|
Рекомендация, совет, пожелание, инструкции. |
32. You must read the book. It's much more interesting than the film.
33. You must stop smoking. 34. You mustn't cross the street on the red light. 35. You mustn't eat so much ice-cream. 36. Tell her that she must be here by six. I insist on it. 37. Candidates must not bring books into the examination room. 38. You mustn't smoke in a non-smoking compartment. |
Вы должны (вам нужно) прочитать эту книгу. Она гораздо интереснее, чем фильм. Вам надо бросить курить. Нельзя переходить улицу на красный свет. Тебе нельзя есть так много мороженого.
Скажи ей, чтобы она была здесь к шести. Я настаиваю на этом. Абитуриенты не должны приносить книги на экзамен. Нельзя курить в купе для некурящих. |
Обращаясь к собеседнику с пожеланиями, советами, рекомендациями, имейте в виду, что глагол must может звучать очень категорично, нравоучительно. Общепринятыми в подобных ситуациях являются глаголы should и ought to. |
№ |
Значение |
Примеры |
Перевод |
Примечания |
V. |
Нежелание выполнить действие |
39. You have seven hats. Must we buy another one? 40. Must you go so soon?
41. Must I finish this work by Friday? |
У тебя семь шляп. Нужно ли покупать еще одну? Неужели вам нужно так скоро уходить? Обязательно ли мне нужно закончить эту работу к пятнице? |
Употребляется в вопросительных предложениях. |
VI. |
Предположение, граничащее с уверенностью, вероятность. |
42. This house must be very old. 43. As for Jane. she must know their address. 44. Bill must be watching television. 45. Roger must have forgotten about his promise. 46. They must have been surprised to see you there. 47. He must have gone to Glasgow. 48. He must have taken the wrong bus. 49. The children must have been frightened because it was very dark. 50. There was a strong smell coming from the kitchen. Mrs Jones must have been cooking fish. |
Этот дом, должно быть, очень старый. Что касается Джейн, она должна знать их адрес. Билл, должно быть, смотрит телевизор. Должно быть, Роджер забыл о своем обещании. Они, должно быть, удивились, когда увидели вас там. Он, должно быть, уехал в Глазго. Он, должно быть, сел не в тот автобус. Дети, должно быть, боялись, потому что было очень темно. Из кухни шёл сильный запах. Госпожа Джоунз, должно быть, готовила рыбу. |
В этом значении употребляется must с различными формами инфинитива в утвердительных предложениях. Must + перфектный инфинитив передает значение прошедшего времени. |
№ |
Значение |
Примеры |
Перевод |
Примечания
|
|
|
51. Не will probably receive your telegram tomorrow. 52. His proposal will probably be supported by most of his colleagues. 53. Is he likely to come? 54. You are likely to find this book in our library. 55. The weather is unlikely to change soon.
56. That's not likely to happen. 57. We are not likely to stay. |
По всей видимости, он получит твою телеграмму завтра. Его предложение, скорее всего, будет поддержано большинством его коллег. Он действительно придет? Скорее всего, ты найдешь эту книгу в нашей библиотеке. Погода вряд ли скоро изменится. / Маловероятно, что погода скоро изменится. Это вряд ли случится. Мы вряд ли останемся. |
В будущем времени это значение передается словами probably (вероятно, по всей видимости) likely to (действительно, вероятно, скорее всего), unlikely to – (вряд ли, маловероятно). |
|
|
58. He must have failed to come. 59. He must have failed his examination in mathematics. 60. He must be unaware of that. 61. No one must have helped him. |
Он, наверно, не приходил. Он, должно быть, не сдал экзамен по математике. Он, должно быть, не знает об этом. Ему, наверно, никто не помогал. |
Отрицательные предположения передаются с помощью лексических средств. |
|
|
62. Не must have misunderstood you. 63. He must have been unable to come. 64. He must have had no wish to discuss this problem. 65. She must have distrusted him. 66. It must have been impossible to do it. |
Он, должно быть, неправильно понял вас. Он, должно быть, не смог приехать.
У него, должно быть, не было желания обсуждать этот вопрос. Она, должно быть, не доверяла ему. Сделать это, наверно, было невозможно. |
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Ex. 6. Translate the sentences into Russian and define the meaning of the following modal verbs:
1. I think I must send them a telegram. 2. I must work very hard this week. 3. We must let him know about it. 4. We are friends, Bill, and we must always remain friends. 5. I think you must help him. 6. I must write a letter to my parents. 7. We must visit all places of interest in this town, 8. I must rest this week because I feel very tired. 9. I must meet him at the station because he doesn't know my address. 10. You must take your camera with you when you go away on holiday. 11. You must have lighter meals in the evening. 12. You must take your umbrella. It looks like raining. 13. I don't think you must leave the question open. 14. You must hurry. It's a quarter past five already. 15. You must follow my advice if you don't want to get into trouble. 16. Must we learn the text by heart? – No, you needn't. 17. Must we discuss this question again? 18. Must I tell him about it? 19. Must I wait for them?
Ex. 7. Complete the conversation. A reporter is interviewing Mrs. Miles for a TV news programme. Put in must, can't or might:
Mrs. Miles: |
My name's Nora Miles, and I'm going to do a parachute jump. |
Reporter: |
Mrs Miles, you're seventy-three, and you're going to jump out of an aeroplane. You must be mad. You (1) … be serious. |
Mrs. Miles: |
It really (2) … be wonderful to look down from the sky. I've always wanted to try it. |
Reporter: |
But anything could happen. You (3) … be injured or even killed. I wouldn't take the risk. |
Mrs. Miles: |
Well, young man, your life (4) … be much fun if you never take risks. You ought to try it. You never know – you (5) … enjoy it.' |
Reporter: |
Enjoy it? You (6) … be joking! |
Exercise 8. Underline the correct word(s):
A: Could I sleep at my friend's house tonight?
B: Yes, of course you could/can.
2. A: I could/was allowed to go to the disco last night.
B: Was it good fun?
A: Can/Might I have a biscuit please, Mum?
B: Of course. Help yourself.
A: Excuse me, sir. May I/Am I allowed to leave the room?
B: Yes, but don't be too long.
A: Must/Might I borrow these files for a moment, sir?
B: Certainly. Take whatever you need.
A: Might I use your pen?
B: Of course you may/might.
A: May I/Am I allowed to park in the company car park?
B: Of course you are!
Ex. 9. Complete the sentences using must or can't, as in the example:
I'm sure she has gone on holiday.
She must have gone on holiday.
I'm certain he doesn't know the secret.
He …
I'm certain Mike hasn't got a new car.
Mike …
I'm sure Susan has paid the phone bill.
Susan …
I'm sure they don't live here.
They …
I'm sure they left the party early.
They …
I'm certain he didn't call me.
He …
I'm certain Marie sent you a birthday card.
Marie …
I'm sure she has been keeping secrets from me.
She …
I'm certain she is looking for a new job.
She …
I'm sure David didn't go to the supermarket.
David …
I'm certain he is working at the library.
He …
Ex. 10. Fill in the gaps with must, mustn't, or needn't/don't have to:
A: You … study hard to pass the exams.
B: I know. I study every evening.
A: You… be late for your job interview.
B: I know. I 'll leave early so as to get there on time.
A: Shall I collect the children from the party?
B: No, you … collect them. Mrs. Shaw is giving them a lift home.
A: Do you want me to wait you after work?
B: No, you … wait. I can work home by myself.
A: You … interrupt while people are talking.
B: No. It's very bad manners to do that.
A: My dog has been ill all week.
B: Oh dear! You… take him to the vet.
A: It's Sally's birthday on Wednesday.
B: I know. I … remember to buy her a present.
A: Shall I wash the dishes for you?
B: No, you … do that. I'll do them later.
Ex. 11. Fill in can, can't, must, mustn't needn't or have to:
A: Is Jason at work today?
B: He can' be. His car isn't in the car park.
A: I can't do my German homework. It's too difficult.
B: I'll help you. I … speak German.
A: I'm going to watch television.
B: All right? But you … stay up too late.
A: We … book a taxi to take us to airport.
B: I'll do it now.
A: I didn't know Rachel was in the choir.
B: Oh yes. She … sing beautifully.
A: Shall I cook dinner tonight?
B: No, you … we are going to a restaurant.
A: Has Tom bought a car yet?
B: He … have. I saw him on the bus yesterday.
A: She … be very rich.
B: Yes, she's got a huge house and an expensive car.
A: I did the washing – up for you.
B: Oh, you …, but it was kind of you.
A: Would you like to come to my party on Saturday night?
B: I'd like to, but Mum says I … visit my grandparents.