M inistry of Education, youth and sports of ukraine Donetsk National University of Economics and trade after michael tugan-baranovsky
Department of philosophy
Report «Social hierarchy as a system»
Done:
student the first year
specialty
international economics
group IE-12-A
Yaroslavtseva Tatiana Andriivna
Checked by:
Pantelyeva I.A., d. of ph., prof.
Donetsk 2013
C
ontent
1. Introduction
2. Concept of social structure. Marxist theory of classes as a pillar of the social structure…………………………………………………………………………….....4
3. Social hierarchy of laws…………………………………………………………....7
4. Social stratification and social mobility…………………………………………..12
5. Conclusion………………………………………………………………………...17
6. Reference
I ntroduction
Social structure is a stable connection between the elements in the social system. The basic elements of the social structure are individuals occupying certain positions (status), and perform certain social functions (roles), a coalition of individuals based on their status characteristics in the group, socio-territorial, ethnic and other community etc. Social structure expresses the objective division of society on the community, the role of the layers, groups, etc., pointing to people's different positions in relation to each other on numerous criteria. Each of the elements of the social structure, in turn, is a complex social system with its subsystems and connections.
The object of study – it is the interaction of the various classes and groups in society.
The purpose of this paper - to analyze and study the social hierarchy to confirm or refute the "social hierarchy - a system"
Implementation of the task required the fulfillment of certain tasks.
Explore the concept of social structure, study of the social hierarchy of the law, consideration of social stratification and social mobility.
The methodological basis for the study is based on the scientific method: analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization relationships, analogies, etc. The use of such a methodological framework enables critical to interpret and make sense of all the information given in the references.
Concept of social structure. Marxist theory of classes as a pillar of the social structure
In a broad sense, social structure is a structure of society as a whole, the system of relationships between all of its essential elements. The social structure characterizes of all the many types of social entities and relations between them.
In a narrow sense, the term "social structure" is most often applied to the social class and socio-group communities.
The social structure in this sense is a set of interrelated and interacting classes, social strata and groups.
In sociology, there are a lot of concepts of social structure of society, historically one of the first is the Marxist doctrine. In sociology of Marx played a leading role social - class structure of society. Social and class structure of society, according to this direction, is the interaction of three main elements: classes, social strata and social groups. The core of the social structure is a class. The existence of social classes noted before Marx in XIX century in science. This concept is widely used by the French historians F. Guizot, A. Thierry and the British and French political economists Adam Smith and David Ricardo. However, this doctrine is the most popular in Marxism. Marx and Engels founded the economic causes of the classes. They argued that the division of society into classes is the result of the social division of labor and the formation of private ownership. The process of class formation can be in two ways: by providing a generic community exploitative elite, which originally consisted of nobility and by slavery war and impoverished tribesmen who fell into debt.
This economic approach to classes recorded in the famous definition of classes, which is formulated by Lenin in "The Great Beginning" and has become a textbook in Marxism for 70 years.
Classes are large groups of people differing in their place in a historically determined system of social production, by their relation (in most cases fixed and formulated in law) to the means of production, by their role in the social organization of labor, and, consequently, on how to get and size the share of social wealth of which they dispose. Classes are groups of people, one of which can appropriate the labor of another owing to the different places they occupy in a definite system of social economy. Thus, according to Lenin, the main feature of the class - the ratio of the means of production (ownership or possession) define the role of classes in the social organization of labor (management and managed), the system of government (the ruling and managed), wealth (rich and poor). Class struggle is the driving force of social development.
Marxism divides the class into major and minor. The main classes are those whose existence follows directly from the ruling in the socio-economic system of economic relations, in particular, property: slaves and slave owners, the peasants and the feudal lords, the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. Minority – it is the remnants of the old classes in the new socio - economic system or emerging classes, which will replace the core and form the basis of class division in the new formation.
In addition to the major and minor classes of society there are the building blocks of social strata (or layers). Social strata - are intermediate or transitional groups that have no clearly defined specific relation to the means of production and, therefore, do not have all the characteristics of the class. Social strata can be interclass (part of the class) between classes. The former includes large, medium, small, urban and rural monopoly and non-monopoly bourgeoisie, industrial and rural proletariat, the labor aristocracy, etc. Historical example of cross-class layers is the "third estate" in the first gestation period of the bourgeois revolutions in Egypt is the urban petty bourgeoisie, craft. In today's society are intellectuals. In turn, the interclass elements of a modern structure can have its internal division. Thus, the intelligentsia is divided into a proletarian, petty-bourgeois and bourgeois. Thus, the social structure does not fully coincide with the class. In the opinion of Marxist sociology using the concept of the social structure helps to specify the social structure and shows its diversity and dynamism.
Despite the fact that in the ideological dictatorship and prosperity of dogmatism in Marxist sociology great strength was the definition of classes of Lenin. One of the central points of the social concept is a "social interest".
Interests - it is the real-life aspirations of individuals, groups and other communities in which they consciously or unconsciously, guided in their actions and to determine their objective position in the social system. In social interests is the most generalized expression of the actual needs of the representatives of various social groups.
Awareness of and interest in the course is continually taking place in the society of the process of social comparison, that is, comparing the life situation of other social groups. To understand the class is essential term "indigenous social interests", which reflects the presence of a large social interest that define its existence and status. On the basis of the above, you can offer a definition of classes: class - large social groups that differ in their role in all spheres of life, which are formed on the basis of fundamental social interests. The classes have common socio-psychological characteristic, values, and their "code" of behavior.
Each social group is the subject of work and relationships. Classes as a social and political community are common to all the members of the program. These programs, the fundamental interests of a particular class, develop its ideology.
If we use this approach, so we can say that social stratum is social entities. It brings people together on the basis of private interests.