Word and Expressions

mode of transport	вид транспорта, совокупность пути, технических сооружений, транспортных средств, терминалов, обслуживающего персонала и системы управления
in any particular circumstances	в каждом отдельном случае
a choice of mode	выбор вида транспорта
shipping	отправка груза морским транспортом
parcel	мелкие отправки, посылки
bulky load (bulky cargo, bulk freight)	сыпучий (наливной) груз
public carriers	транспорт общего пользования
back-haul	обратный рейс
door-to-door service	перевозка “от двери до двери”, перевозка груза от грузоотправителя грузополучателю, при которой организацию подвоза и развоза берет на себя перевозчик
vehicles	транспортные средства
rigid timetables	строгие графики движения
van	фургон
flat-bed lorries	грузовики с открытой платформой
box-bodied lorries	грузовики с закрытой платформой
articulated lorries	сочлененные, состоящие из двух частей транспортные средства
two- or three-axled	двух- или трехосный
to be vulnerable to	быть подверженным, быть уязвимым

Task 2: Re-read the text and find 3 or more sentences that express the main idea of the texts.

Task 3: Match the words on the left and their definitions on the right.

1. mode of transport – “перевозка от двери до двери”

2. shipping – себестоимость

3. unit cost – вид транспорта

4. public carriers – мелкие отправки, посылки

5. bulky loads – строгие графики движения

6. parcel – сыпучий (наливной) груз

7. rigid timetable – транспортные средства

8. vehicles – транспорт общего пользования

9. door-to-door service – отправка груза морским транспортом

Task 4: Answer the following questions:

1. What does the best mode of transport depend on?

2. What can you say about advantages and disadvantages of road transport?

3. How can you define the main benefit of road transport?

4. Can you compare the advantages of rail and transport?

5. For most organisations road transport is the only realistic mode of transport. If this is true, why do so many people disapprove of heavy lorries?

Task 5: Read the text and find 2 or 3 sentences that express the main idea.

Road transport companies

Rusavto, an international road carrier, has been operating on the world market of transportation and forwarding services since 1968.

It is a major transport company which deals with first-class partners throughout Europe, Asia and the Middle East and carries out large orders of about 2 million tons every year. For the last few years international carriage of goods has considerably increased, the volume of transported cargoes is growing, new routes appear and the range of goods is becoming wider.

On the European market of transport services the Company closely cooperates with more than a hundred international transport and forwarding firms.

The Company has an up-to-date fleet of about 3,500 motor vehicles with carrying capacity of 20 to 30 tons and a body volume from 60 to 103 cu.m. which are capable of carrying any cargoes, including those requiring certain temperature conditions, containers, large size and bulky cargoes. More than half the trucks are the products of such well-known manufacturers as Mercedes-Benz, Volvo, etc. Among the imported semi-trailers are Trailor, Schmitz, and Koegel. All these vehicles satisfy the international requirements regarding technical reliability, safety of goods and ecological standards. The vehicles of Rusavto meet the requirements of international transportation by road and are used on the routes of the CIS and Europe.

The Company transports large consignments on the door-to-door principle. It also handles small consignments of less than 5 tons at their terminals in Moscow, St. Petersburg and other places, stores them in warehouses, makes customs clearance and delivers groupage cargo to the final destination.

Task 6: Re-read the text and say if the statements below are true or false. Correct the false statements.

1. Rusavto carries very small consignments to Germany.

2. Rusavto trucks do not meet the requirements of international transportation regarding ecological standards.

3. Rusavto has been operating on the international market since 1988.

4. The Rusavto fleet of vehicles is about 3,500 trucks and semi-trailers.

5. Rusavto has terminals throughout Russia and the CIS.

6. Frozen chicken does not require temperature conditions during carriage.

7. Rusavto buys new vehicles from American manufacturers.

8. Rusavto does not make customs clearance.

Task 7: Look through the text again and say what was mentioned in the text about:

1. road transportation of goods;

2. the Rusavto fleet of vehicles;

3. the transport services Rusavto offers their clients.

L earning the Basic Vocabulary

Task 8: a) Find the words in bold type and try to guess their meaning. Check up the translation of the words in the vocabulary. Write them out in your vocabulary.

b) Write down all the words unknown to you in your vocabulary.

Task 9: Explain the meaning of the following phrases within the text:

1) to operate a terminal

2) to deal with first-class partners

3) to satisfy the requirements

4) to handle large consignments

5) to deliver goods to the final destination

6) to be capable of carrying containers

7) to satisfy ecological standards

8) to transport goods on door-to-door principle

9) an international road carrier

10) the market of transport and forwarding services

11) an up-to-date fleet of vehicles

12) cargo requiring certain temperature conditions

Task 10: Match the verbs on the left and noun phrases on the right and translate the expressions they make into Russian:

1. t o require

2. to operate

3. to deal with

4. to be capable of

5. to include

6. to increase

7. to handle

8. to store

9. to carry out

1. bulky cargo

2. temperature conditions

3. large orders

4. groupage cargo

5. carrying goods

6. warehouses

7. a fleet of vehicles

8. large consignments

9. goods

Task 11: Fill in the gaps with the words given in the box. Change the form of the words if necessary.

to compete competition competitive competitor

Two or more companies which sell or manufacture the same product are __________. They are in _______and they _________for customers. In order to sell more goods than its ________, a company must be ______________. It is important to keep ahead of the _______ by selling at _______ prices.

Task 12: Complete the sentences choosing the right word and changing its form if necessary.

1. She's busy now. She's (to work, to operate) on the report for the conference.

2. Since when have you been (to work, to operate) for this forwarding company?

3. The new service (to work, to operate) on Saturdays from London to Tel Aviv and returns next week via Italy.

4. They (to work, to operate) a fleet of old airplanes which need modernization.

5. A new air-cargo terminal started (to work, to operate) last week.

6. This machine (to work, to operate) perfectly.

7. Balkan Cargo (to work, to operate) on the Russian market for years and among other planes (to work, to operate) one Antey plane.

Task 13: Check yourself. Give English equivalents of the following Russian word combinations:

1. работать на рынке транспортных услуг

2. выполнять большие заказы

3. работать с первоклассными партнерами

4. значительно увеличить международные перевозки грузов

5. объем и ассортимент перевозимых грузов

6. сотрудничать со многими транспортными и экспедиторскими фирмами

7. современный парк машин грузоподъемностью...

8. способный перевозить любой груз

9. продукция широко известных производителей

10. отвечать мировым стандартам

11. обрабатывать большие партии грузов и мелкопартионные грузы

12. брать на хранение

13. выполнять таможенную очистку

14. перевозить обратный груз к месту назначения

Focus on Grammar