- •Экономика транспорта
- •Предисловие
- •Contents
- •Unit 1 transportation and logistics
- •Transportation in the logistics system
- •Complex Object
- •Useful words
- •Useful words
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 2 mode of transport
- •Word and Expressions
- •Road transport companies
- •The Tenses of the Verb in the Active Voice
- •Useful words
- •V ocabulary
- •Unit 3 rail transport
- •Useful vocabulary
- •Text 2 rail freight companies
- •The Passive Voice The formation of the Passive Voice
- •In addition furthermore
- •In spite of/despite on the other hand
- •Railroads
- •Useful words
- •Railroads
- •V ocabulary
- •Unit 4 water transport
- •Text 2
- •Participle II
- •All the way, every other day
- •Russia warns shipowners
- •Russia set to build three ports in gulf
- •Steamship lines
- •Vocabulary
- •Intermodal transport
- •Participle I
- •I think that gives you some idea of...
- •If you look at the graph, you’ll see...
- •Economic trends and
- •Intermodal transportation
- •Some basic english terms
- •Vocabulary
- •Text 2 Customs
- •This is a blue logistic in the clouds worldwide support!
- •Let us ease your burden
- •Istanbul/Turkey
- •The tir system
- •Useful Vocabulary
- •Проектная доставка груза.
- •Useful Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Useful words and expressions
- •Article 6
- •Article 7
- •Modal Verbs and Their Equivalents
- •International Carriage of Goods for Reward/cmr Convention
- •Cmr Consignment Note
- •Демерредж и плата за задержку
- •Useful expressions
- •V ocabulary
- •Unit 8 transportation and law
- •Some legal problems of transportation
- •Conditional Sentences
- •Law Merchant
- •Useful words and expressions
- •Informal and Formal Expressions
- •Hesitating
- •Generalization and Exception
- •In general…
- •Cargo Theft Must Be Countered
- •Vocabulary
- •E nglish – Russian Dictionary
Railroads
Recently the railroad industry has recorded a new high for freight traffic. Coal, grain, and chemicals are the major commodities shipped by rail. However, intermodal, railroad traffic has risen considerably. This rapid increase is due to mainly the introduction of specialized railcars that carry double stacked containers. The double stack efficiencies have made it possible to move containers faster, reducing delivery times and carrying export and domestic traffic on the backhaul. Double stack cars now account for approximately 40 percent of total intermodal capacity.
A once-fragmented industry could be in a position to offer more unified regional services based on better-coordinated schedules and related services. For the customers of International Marketing Companies (IMC; transportation coordinators for shippers who use rail as the primary mode), this will offer a single regional service, faster and more efficient use of routes, rail cars and cargo handling equipment, larger and faster throughput of international rail yards, and improved communications between shippers and carrier.
On the other hand, it can be argued that if these rail mergers continue, there is the possibility that shippers could have only two or three large nationwide networks to meet their rail-related transportation needs. To prevent monopoly pricing situations that would affect the competitiveness of captive users of rail services, some shipper organizations are calling for safeguards or alternatively, some kind of re-regulation of the railroad industry.
The rail industry is considering other improvements to reduce its costs and improve services. One such initiative is the sharing of equipment between rail carriers to gain maximum utilization of those assets. For the shipper, this could mean more cost-effective placement, loading, transit, unloading and release of intermodal containers and trailers. For carriers, it has the potential of improving equipment utilization, maintenance and purchasing/replacement programs for intermodal containers, trailers and transfer and storage yards.
Reliability of services by the rail industry is greatly dependent on the condition of the rail carriers’ infrastructure. After decades of neglect, poor service by the railroads often led to loss of customers where customers had a choice of alternative services, or the business had moved or closed because of the lack of such alternatives. To win back customers, and possibly attract new ones, the railroads have in the past decade and a half spent billions of dollars to improve their infrastructure to provide faster and more efficient services, including intermodal. This includes improved tracks crossings, faster intra-line and inter-line rail yards including intermodal, and equipment handling and inspection systems to spot equipment damage faster and more reliably.
V ocabulary
rail freight road freight sea freight Sea freight is cheaper than rail freight.
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груз, фрахт (плата за перевозку); грузовые перевозки ж.д.грузовые перевозки автомобильные грузовые перевозки морские грузовые перевозки |
railway n It's safer to carry goods by rail than by road.
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железная дорога; рельс железная дорога |
co-operative efforts I'll make every effort to help you.
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усилия совместные усилия |
intermodal traffic road traffic
rail traffic Rail traffic is increasing.
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движение (транспорта); перевозки интермодальные (смешанные) перевозки автомобильные перевозки; дорожное движение ж.д.перевозки |
owner n ownership n Now British rail is not owned by the state.
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владеть, иметь в собственности владелец, собственник собственность |
RZD co-operate with a lot of freight forwarders throughout Europe.
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через, по всей площади |
Syn. aim on purpose with the purpose of He's done it on purpose. It was done with the purpose of handling rail freight.
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цель
намеренно с целью… |
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обычный |
Dangerous goods are not transported in conventional wagons.
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товарный вагон |
scheduled adj A scheduled rail service was opened last month.
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расписание, график по расписанию, по графику |
introduction n A new product has just been introduced into the market.
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вводить, представлять введение, представление |
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идущий по графику |
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вагон (как весовая категория) |
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регулярное движение между двумя пунктами; челночное сообщение |
A new plant went into operation last month.
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входить в эксплуатацию |
This Russian-British joint venture was set up two months ago.
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совместное предприятие |
To become a famous artist was the goal of his life.
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задача, цель |
labour productivity Labour productivity at the terminal was high enough.
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производительность производительность труда |
raise the axle load
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поднимать, увеличивать увеличить нагрузку на ось |
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на одну ось |
replacement n All broken parts will be replaced this week. When can you supply the replacements?
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заменять замена, новая деталь взамен вышедшей из строя |
They promised rapid unloading of the truck.
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быстрый, скоростной |
discharge n Syn. unload, unloading It's necessary to discharge the wagon today.
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разгружать разгрузка |
identification n identification (identity) card |
определять, устанавливать (подлинность) распознавание, установление удостоверение личности
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installation n The equipment will be installed next week.
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устанавливать, монтировать установка |
addition n in addition to Have you got anything to add? I want to say a few words in addition to what has been said.
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добавлять добавление, дополнение в дополнение к...... |
reduce journey time reduce prices Can you reduce your price? reduction n
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снижать сократить время в пути снижать цены
снижение |
It's our firm offer.
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твердый |
He didn't realise he was wrong again.
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понимать, осознавать |
insurer n insurance n insurance policy When you go abroad you must have a medical insurance. Is your car insured?
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страховать страховщик страхование страховой полис |
invoice n They invoiced us for the first consignment only. When can I have the invoice?
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выписывать счет счет |
quotation n Can you quote СIF St.Petersburg? Here is our quotation.
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назначать цену котировка |
Perhaps we'll reduce our price.
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возможно |
preference n We prefer to sell on FOB terms.
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предпочитать |
Do you mind if I sit here? - No, please do.
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возражать |
The first consignment will be shipped in three months.
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отгружать |
give a discount ask for a discount discount off (on) the price Can you give us a discount off the price? They asked us for a discount of 5 per cent.
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скидка предоставлять скидку просить о предоставлении скидки скидка с цены |
Your terms sound reasonable.
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обоснованный |
After the talks they made us a small concession.
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уступка |
be worth It's worth discussing prices and a possible discount.
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стоящий стоить |
I don't think it's fair.
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справедливый |
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обратный транзит, обратный груз
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пропускная способность |
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слияние, объединение (предприятий, банков и т.п.)
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гарантия, охрана; мера предосторожности
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активы; имущество |
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надежность |
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условие |
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пренебрегать |
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вести |
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отсутствие, нехватка |
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обеспечивать; предоставлять |
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определять, находить |
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организация, предприятие |
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приобретать |
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жестоко |
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враждебный, неблагоприятный; вредный
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отождествлять, устанавливать, определять
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значительный, существенный |
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увеличивать, усиливать |
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союз |
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придавать силу, вливать энергию |
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избегать, уклоняться |
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затор, куча, груда |
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свойственный, присущий |
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запускать, начинать |
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доход |
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прибыльный, доходный, выгодный |
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запланированный, нацеленный |
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вниз |
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склон |
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срочный, неотложный |
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обычный, распространенный |
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заработная плата (рабочих) |
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отвечать, реагировать |
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вовлекать |
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гибко |
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горное дело, горная промышленность
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обычный, традиционный |
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граница |
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сложный |
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временно |
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подписывать |
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предшествование |
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применяться |
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ж.д. вагон |
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контейнеры, уложенные в штабель |
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двухъярусные вагоны, платформы (с погрузкой контейнеров в два яруса)
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пропускная способность; прирост; темпы роста
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складская площадка |
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завод; верфь; сортировочная площадка
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сортировочные станции для грузов прямого сообщения
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ж.д. переезды |
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подразделение, назначающее тарифы за ж.д перевозки; компания, занимающаяся грузовыми ж.д. перевозками
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маршрутный контейнерный поезд |
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зона таможенной очистки грузов |
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генеральное соглашение по тарифам и торговле |