2. Samuel l. Clemens (1835 - 1910)

Celebrated humorist better known as Mark Twain, he was well-known as a writer of novels, short stories and sketches. Clemens also worked a good part of his life as a journalist. He learned the printer’s trade at a young age, and after a brief stint as a Mississippi steamboat pilot and service in the Cofederate army, he headed west and became a reporter for papers in Nevada and California. Clemens’s accounts of adventures in the Sandwich Islands and the Holy Land as a travel correspondent were published in the newspapers as a series of travel letters. He was surprised to discover on his return that the letters had made him famous from coast to coast.

3. Walter Winchell (1897 - 1972)

A singer himself, Winchell got his start in journalism writing up gossip about stars on backstage bulletin boards. Not long afterwards he was hired as a New York Times drama critic and gossip columnist. Winchell’s special style, which featured words he coined (such as ‘cupiding’ for ‘romance’), won readers far beyond New York. At the peak of his career, Winchell was almost as great a celebrity as the celebrities he covered, and 800 papers carried his daily column.

4. Margaret Bourke-White (1904 - 1971)

She was one of the world’s first and most famous photojournalists. Bourke-White used photography to document the great depression and World War II, creating the photo essay, in which one picture or a series of pictures are used to tell a story. During the Second World War she was the only woman photographer permitted in war zones by the US Army. Capturing significant moments in the war of film, Bourke-White also snapped memorable portraits of world leaders, such as Churchill, Stalin, and Gandhi.

5. Ann Quidlen (born in 1951)

She is considered to be the voice of baby boomers. Even as a little kid, Quidlen wanted to be a writer. After working for her high school newspaper and the New York Post, she landed a job in the New York Times. Quidlen’s “Hers”, “Life in the 30s”, and “Public and Private” columns in the New York Times were extremely popular. They captured her generation’s concerns about various social, political and personal issues and won her Pulitzer Prize for commentary in 1992.

Text 7 PULITZER PRIZE AWARDS

In this text you will find some useful information about the origin of the Pulitzer Prize and the categories it is awarded in. Find out the information about the history of such a prominent award. If you can recollect the names of some journalists who were awarded the Pulitzer Prize and what category it was.

The Pulitzer Prize  is a U.S. award for achievements in newspaper and online journalism, literature and musical composition. It was established by American (Hungarian-born) publisher Joseph Pulitzer in 1917 and is administered by Columbia University in New York City. He gave money in his will to Columbia University to launch a journalism school and establish the Prize. $250,000 was allocated to the prize and scholarships. He specified "four awards in journalism, four in letters and drama, one in education, and four traveling scholarships." After his death, the first Pulitzer Prizes were awarded June 4, 1917; they are now announced each April.

Prizes are awarded yearly in twenty-one categories. In twenty of these, each winner receives a certificate and a US$10,000 cash award. The winner in the public service category of the journalism competition is awarded a gold medal, which always goes to a newspaper, although an individual may be named in the citation. Awards for journalism categories such as General News Reporting may be awarded to individuals or newspapers or newspaper staffs.

The Pulitzer Prize does not automatically evaluate all applicable works in the media, but only those that have been entered with a $50 entry fee (one per desired entry category). Each year, 103 judges are selected to "serve on 20 separate juries" for the 21 award categories (one jury for both photography awards).

For each award category, a jury makes three nominations. The board selects the winner by majority vote from the nominations or bypass the nominations and select a different entry with a 75% majority vote. The board can also vote no award.

In addition to the prizes, Pulitzer travelling fellowships are awarded to four outstanding students of the Graduate School of Journalism as selected by the faculty.

Here are some of the Pulitzer Prize categories:

• Public Service – for a distinguished example of meritorious public service by a newspaper through the use of its journalistic resources, which may include editorials, cartoons, and photographs, as well as reporting. Often thought of as the grand prize, the Public Service award is given to the newspaper, not to individuals, though individuals are often mentioned for their contributions.

• Breaking News Reporting – for a distinguished example of local reporting of breaking news.

• Investigative Reporting – for a distinguished example of investigative reporting by an individual or team, presented as a single newspaper article or series.

• Explanatory Reporting – for a distinguished example of explanatory newspaper reporting that illuminates a significant and complex subject, demonstrating mastery of the subject, lucid writing, and clear presentation.

• Local Reporting – for a distinguished example of local newspaper reporting that illuminates significant issues or concerns.

• National Reporting – for a distinguished example of newspaper reporting on national affairs.

• International Reporting – for a distinguished example of newspaper reporting on international affairs, including United Nations correspondence.

• Feature Writing – for a distinguished example of newspaper feature writing giving prime consideration to high literary quality and originality.

• Editorial Writing – for distinguished editorial writing, the test of excellence being clarity of style, moral purpose, sound reasoning, and power to influence public opinion in what the writer perceives to be the right direction.

• Editorial Cartooning – for a distinguished cartoon or portfolio of cartoons published during the year, characterized by originality, editorial effectiveness, quality of drawing, and pictorial effect.

• Breaking News Photography, previously called Spot News Photography – for a distinguished example of breaking news photography in black and white or color, which may consist of a photograph or photographs, a sequence, or an album.

• Feature Photography – for a distinguished example of feature photography in black and white or color, which may consist of a photograph or photographs, a sequence, or an album.

• Fiction – for distinguished fiction by an American author, preferably dealing with American life.

www.en.wikipedia,org

www.pulitzer.org

USEFUL VOCABULARY

History of a newspaper

1. corantos format – газетный формат corantos

2. evidence – свидетельство

3. gazette – газета (название монеты)

4. manuscript = handwritten document – рукописный документ

5. news bulletin – бюллетень новостей

6. origin - происхождение

7. regular newspaper – регулярно издаваемая газета

Classification of newspapers

1. daily – weekly – monthly - ежедневная – еженедельная - ежемесячная

2. national / international – regional – local национальная / международная – региональная - местная

3. broadsheet = serious = quality – tabloid = popular = red-top – серьезная = качественная – популярная = бульварная

Possible sections / rubrics of a newspaper

1. news (home / domestic; foreign / world/ international) - новости

2. business / finance – деловые / финансовые новости

3. opinion / comment – мнение / комментарии

4. editorial – колонка редактора

5. op-ed (opinion and editorial) – мнение и колонка редактора

6. letters to the editor – письма в редакцию

7. feature - очерк

8. obituary - некролог

9. sport - спорт

10. weather - погода

11. travel - путешествие

12. real estate - недвижимость

13. food and drinks, etc еда и напитки и т.д.

Analysing and rendering a newspaper article