18. The measures of prevention: Quarantine and observation. Disinfection and disinsection

Quarantine and observation can be applied to prevent the spread of infectious diseases in the application of bacteriological weapons, by the order of the chiefs of the CD of districts and cities, and the objects of the national economy.

Quarantine is introduced with establishing the incontrovertible facts of the use of bacteriological weapons by the enemy, and mainly in cases of the use of particularly dangerous pathogens. Quarantine regime provides complete isolation of the lesion from the surrounding population and is intended to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.

Disinfection is aimed at decontamination of environmental objects, which are necessary for normal operation and safe location of people. Disinfection, for example, of areas, facilities, equipment, machinery and various items can be carried out using fire, agriculture, construction and other equipment.

Disinsection and rodent extermination, which are known to be carriers of infectious diseases. To kill insects physical (boiling, ironing a heated iron, etc.), chemical (application of desinsective means) and combined methods are used; extermination of rodents in most cases is carried out with the help of mechanical devices (traps of various types) and chemicals.

19. Methods and means of application of bacterial agents. Pathogenic microorganisms are causative agents of infectious diseases in humans and animals, which, depending on the size of their structure and biological properties, are divided into the following classes: bacteria, viruses, fungi, spirochetes and protozoa. Bacteria - single-celled microorganisms which are very diverse in their forms. The main forms of bacteria are: staphylococci, diplococcus, streptococcus, bacillus, vibrions, spirillum.According to the literature, almost all species of bacteria used as weapons of destruction, relatively easy to grow in artificial media, and their mass production is possible using equipment and processes used in industry in the manufacture of antibiotics, vitamins, and products of modern fermentation industries. Viruses – an extensive group of microorganisms with a size from 0,08 to 0,35 micron. Rickettsiae - a group of microorganisms, which occupies an intermediate position between bacteria and viruses. Their sizes - from 0,3 to 0,5 microns. Fungi - one- or multi-cellular organisms of vegetable origin. Their sizes varies from 3 to 50 microns or more. example. Chronic meliodiosis The use of this disease may be different: the use of microbial cultures in bombs, projectiles, spray tank, spray gives different results. Also meliodiosis can be used for subversive detachment for contamination of air supply, water sources, storage of food. Protection against the disease in case of its application as a biological weapon may be wearing the protective clothing, gear, gas masks in the infected zone and compulsory disinfection of food and water. To present the spread of the disease the armament, equipment used in the areas of infection, should be disinfected and contaminated land – deratisated (treated against rats). 20. BW facilities developed on the territory of the Kazakhstan for the open-air testing and production of BW agents

20) Bacteriological (biological) weapons - are special munitions and military equipment with delivery  means, filled with bacterial (biological) agents. Bacteriological (biological) weapons are means of  mass destruction of people, animals and agricultural crops. The history began in 1920, finished on 7 May 2007 On 17 April, Kazakhstan's government ratified the Convention on the prohibition of the  development, production and stockpiling of bacteriological and toxin weapons and on their  destruction. President Nursultan Nazarbayev signed the legislation on 7 May 2007. Kazakhstan  joining the Convention will mark yet another step toward strengthening its role as an advocate for  the nonproliferation of WMD.

21. The Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction (10 April 1972). The States Parties to this Convention, Determined to act with a view to achieving effective progress towards general and complete disarmament, including the prohibition and elimination of all types of weapons of mass destruction, and convinced that the prohibition of the development, production and stockpiling of chemical and bacteriological (biological) weapons and their elimination, through effective measures, will facilitate the achievement of general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control. Recognizing the important significance of the Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare, signed at Geneva on 17 June 1925, and conscious also of the contribution which the said Protocol has already made, and continues to make, to mitigating the horrors of war. Recognizing that an agreement on the prohibition of bacteriological (biological) and toxin weapons represents a first possible step towards the achievement of agreement on effective measures also for the prohibition of the development, production and stockpiling of chemical weapons, and determined to continue negotiations to that end. This convention consists of several article with responsibilities of States Parties.