Questions for the Midterm Control 2 on the discipline "Life Safety" 1. The axiom about the potential dangers of man-made factors

Axiom about the potential dangers of activity – the fundamental postulate is the basis for scientific problems of human security.

Protection against man-made hazards is achieved by improvement of hazards sources.

Any technical system is potentially dangerous.

The technological hazards exist if the daily activity associated with the flows of matter, energy and information in the technosphere exceed thresholds.

The source of man-made hazards are elements of the technosphere.

Technological hazards are localized in space and time.

Technological hazards have a negative effect on people, the environment and elements of the technosphere simultaneously.

Technological hazards impair human health, lead to personal injury, economic loss, and degradation of the environment.

2. Classification of highly toxic substances (hts)

All harmful substances on the degree of their effect on yhe human are devided into 1-extremely dangerous 2-high-risk 3-moderately dangerous 4-low-hazard If the air contains a harmful substance, its concentration should not exceed the maximum admissible concentration - milligrams af a harmful substance/1 cubic meter of air. 3. Maximum permissible concentrations, emissions, exposure levels 3) Maximum permissible concentrations, emissions, level of exposure The maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of hazardous substances in the environment is  defined as the maximum concentration of pollutants in the environment, assigned to a particular  averaging period and the periodic exposure or throughout life, which does not cause harmful impact on humans and the environment in general.  Standards of MACs are uniform throughout the Republic of Kazakhstan and developed by the  Ministry of Health. In setting standards MPC takes into account two types of indicators of pollution  of nature - the maximum one-time maximum allowable concentration and the daily maximum  allowable concentration. The first determines the degree of a short exposure to harmful substances  on the normal functioning of the human body. Second - the acceptable level of pollution, which in  the longer term effects on the human organism does not cause changes in the state of human health. 4. Physical hazards and their characteristics

Hazards. According to the official standards dangers are divided into:

Physical – moving machinery, elevated levels of pollution and the dust in the work area.

5. The permissible levels of harmful substances

The Maximum permissible levels (MPL) of noise, vibration, magnetic fields and other adverse physical effects are developed and established by the health authorities of the republic and are measured in decibels. Normal household noise allowed in the 20 decibels, soreness in humans appears with the noise of 90 decibels. The maximum permissible level of radiation for magnetic fields, electromagnetic radiation, radiation are developed by the Ministry of Health and is measured in micro-roentgen per hour. The magnetic fields, electromagnetic radiation, radiation exposure also adversely affect the health and the environment. These standards are developed by the Ministry of Health and are measured in micro-roentgen per hour. Division of Radiation Safety of the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (ENR) monitors two areas: natural radiation, that is, and terrestrial radiation and artificial radiation, as a result of human activity. Partly a matter of normalization of the maximum permissible level of radiation is provided in the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On the use of atmospheric energy", adopted on 14 April 1997 and the Law "On radiation safety". The maximum permissible levels (MPL) of chemical use in agriculture – maximum norm for agrochemicals in agriculture and forestry determined with regard to pesticides, mineral fertilizers, chemical protection and stimulates plant growth.

6. Environmental Passport of an industrial enterprise. Environmental Passport of an enterprise is a standard - technical document that includes data on the use of resources by company, expressed through a system of indicators, and on detection of its impacts on the environment.

The basis for development of ecological passports are key indicators of production, the resolution on the nature management, passports for gas and water treatment plants and installation of recycling and waste management, forms of state statistical reports and other documents.

In accordance with applicable law, the company must evaluate their efforts to use natural resources and the impact on the environment, planning and implementation of environmental activities under the control of local administration bodies and Ministry of Natural Resources.

Environmental Passport is developed by an enterprise at the expense of its funds and by the manager of the company in consultation with local authorities and the territorial authority of Ministry of Natural Resources, where it is registered.