- •Содержание экзамена по основному языку
- •Интерпретация текста
- •Критерии оценки
- •Вопросы к итоговому экзамену по английскому языку
- •1. The Categories of Aspect and Tense of the Verb. The Problem of the Perfect Forms.
- •2. The Categories of Number and Case of English Nouns.
- •3. The Sentence. Classification of Sentences. Types of Sentences.
- •4. The Verb as a Part of Speech. The Category of Voice.
- •5. The Phrase.
- •6. Etymological Classification of the English Word-stock. The Problem of Borrowing.
- •14. The Morphological Classification of Verbs in Old English.
- •15. The Noun in Old English.
- •16. Stylistic Semaseology and Its Expressive Resources.
- •17. The Classification of Functional Styles.
- •18. Stylistic Stratification of the English Vocabulary System.
- •19. Norm and the Deviation from the Norm as a Stylistic Factor. Half-marked Structures and Their Expressive Resources.
- •20. The Theory of Phoneme. Phonological Analysis of English Speech Sounds.
20. The Theory of Phoneme. Phonological Analysis of English Speech Sounds.
Phoneme theory: the Prague school. N.Trubetskoy, R.Jakobson and their contribution in phonology. The phoneme as a set of distinctive features. Three criteria for classifying phonological oppositions. Privative, gradual and equipollent oppositions. Constant and neutralizable oppositions. The inventory of DFs offered by R. Jakobson, G. Fant and M. Halle. The advantages of the inventory.
Methods of phonological analysis. The aim of phonological analysis. The distributional method. The two laws of phonemic and allophonic distribution. Contrastive distribution. Complementary distribution). Free variations of sounds.
The notion of differential meaning introduced by descriptivists. The drawbacks of the purely distributional method. The semantic method.