Вопросы и ответы к текстам по английскому языку (программа СПбГМУ) / History Talking

3/3

History Taking

1. What is the history of the patient? History of the patient is the complete information about the patient and the course of the disease, received while questioning a patient or his relatives in case of children and very sick patients.

2. What is the history of the patient used for? It is used for making a correct diagnosis and administration of a proper treatment.

3. In what way is the history of the patient taken? The history is taken according a definite plan. First of all the doctor asks the patient the passport data. Then the doctor is interested in the chief complaints of the patient. Then comes the history of the present illness and the life history. The good communication between a doctor and a patient is essential in taking a history. No medical terms should be used that a patient cannot understand. All instructions should be clear and simple.

4. What passport data does the doctor ask the patient? The doctor asks the patient his name, address, age, marital status, nationality, occupation.

5. What types of anamneses do you know? I know anamneses morbi, that is the history of present illness and anamneses vitae, that is the life history.

6. What is the history of the present illness? The history of the present illness is a logically developed story of symptoms accurately described, as to the time of the onset, mode of onset, duration and reaction to the symptoms.

7. What is the life history? The life history, or anamnesis vitae, includes past illnesses, personal history and the family history.

8. What information do the questions on the past illnesses include? Questions on the past illnesses include those about diseases of child hood, serious diseases such as diabetes, anemia, and tumors. The physician is also interested if the patient has had injuries or if he has been operated on.

9. What questions does the personal history embrace? The personal history embraces some questions about marital status, for example, duration, health of partner, number of children, their age; habits, for example, alcohol, tobacco, sedatives, sleeping habits; occupation, for example, present and past work, exposure to occupational hazards, emotional satisfaction and so on.

10. Why should special attention be paid to the problems of possible occupational hazards? There may be a number of occupational hazards at the patient's enterprise, such as lead, mercury, acid, arsenic, benzol and others. The patient may be exposed to effect of noise, dust and some radioactive substances. All of them influence health negatively and may be the cause of different diagnoses. For example, exposure to dust may cause asthma, exposure to noise may induce deafness. That is why it is essential for a doctor to be informed about such occupational hazards.

11. What does the family history concern? The family history concerns all the patient's relatives and cases of such diseases as hypertension, TB, cancer, apoplexy as well as nervous and mental diseases current in the family.

12. What additional questions may the physician ask? The physician may ask additional questions about different parts of the body which are under examination, for example, about the head, the respiratory or cardiovascular system, the gastrointestinal tract and so on.

13. Why is it necessary to take the patients history? It is necessary to take the patients history because it makes it possible to interpret the objective data in the right way and understand better the character of various pathological processes.

14. What questions does a physician ask the patient while taking A) family history while taking a family history a physician usually ask the patient the following questions: Are your parents alive? What caused your father death? Do you have any brothers or sisters? Are they in good health? Does diabetes or TB or any heart trouble run in your family? Are headaches common in your family? Did anyone in your family ever have tumor? B) personal history while taking a personal history a physician usually ask the patient the following questions: Are you married or single? How many children do have? What are your living conditions? What diet do you usually keep? Do you smoke or drink? Do you sleep well? Are you allergic to any drugs? What occupational hazards are there at your enterprise? C) past history while taking a past history a physician usually ask the patient the following questions: What diseases did you have in childhood? Have you ever had scarlet fever or malaria? Did a doctor ever treat you for tumor or diabetes or hypertension? Have you ever had any injuries or traumas? Have you ever been operated on? D) history of present illness while taking a history of present illness a physician usually ask the patient the following questions: What do you complain of? How long have you been ill? What is your temperature? Where does it hurt? When did it start? Have you taken anything for it? Did the medication help? Are there any other problems?

15. What instructions and commands are usually given during examination? During medical examination the following instructions and commands are usually given: Come in, please. I am going to give you a physical examination. Strip to the waist, please. Lie down on the couch. Don't move. Bend your knees. Give me your right hand. I'll check up your blood pressure. Open your mouth and show me your tongue. Try not to tighten up. Breathe, don't breath. Show me the place where you have the pain. Put on your clothes. and others…