Вопросы и ответы к текстам по английскому языку (программа СПбГМУ) / Appendicitis

Appendicitis

1. What is appendicitis? Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix, involving all layers of the organ.

2. What form of destructive appendicitis do you know? There are two forms of destructive appendicitis: suppurative form and gangrenous one.

3. What may destructive forms of appendicitis lead to? Both form of destructive appendicitis often lead to its perforative form, which may result in peritonitis.

4. What are the symptoms and sings of acute appendicitis? The cardinal symptom of acute appendicitis is a sudden general abdominal pain, most marked near the umbilicus. In addition retention of stools and gases or diarrhea may be present. The tongue is coated and dry. There may be rather high temperature.

5. What is the pain due to? The pain is due either to distention of the appendicular serosa edema or to appendicular colic associated with obstruction of the lumen.

6. When does the pain change its character and localization? Within 6 and 12 hours after the onset of the attack the pain shifts to the right iliac fossa, and rigidity of this portion of the abdomen becomes more marked. The pain now becomes burning, constant and intense.

7. What does palpation reveal? Palpation reveals a normal abdomen, but over the right iliac fossa the muscles are rigid, and tenderness may be so marked that even a slight pressure causes extreme pain.

8. What are the sings of perforation? A sudden severe and diffused abdominal pain may indicate perforation. The pulse becomes rapid and weak. Protective muscular tension and the symptom of Schetkin-Blumberg are clearly marked.

9. Is the operation obligatory? Why? Yes, it is. The operation should be performed in order to avoid the rupture of the appendix.

10. In what way is the operation usually performed? An incision is made over the appendix. The caecum and the appendix are delivered to the surface. The appendicular artery is ligatured, the base of the appendix is ligated, the appendix is removed and the stump is inverted, sutured and buried.