Vocabulary and Comprehension Exercises

Exercise 1. (Text 1) Answer the following questions.

1. Why did Kate think that the person at the door was the postman?

2. Who was the parcel for?

3. Why did Kate think it might be from their grandmother?

4. How did Andy know it wasn’t from her?

5. Why did Kate think it could be from Cindy?

6. Why did Kate think it might be chocolates?

7. What was in the box?

Exercise 2. (Text 2) Answer the following questions.

1. What must you wear when you go out in Thailand?

2. Where can’t you flush the toilet after 10 p.m.?

3. Where can’t women drive cars?

4. Where mustn’t you stick a stamp upside down on an envelope?

5. Where can’t you walk down the street with your laces undone?

6. What do you have to get if you want to paint your house in Sweden?

7. Where can you only have one child?

8. What can’t men wear in Italy?

9. Where do men have to grow beards?

10. When can’t you laugh at these laws in Hawaii?

Exercise 3. (Text 3) Answer the following questions.

1. When did Scott and Amundsen start their journeys?

2. Was Scott’s use of motor sledges and ponies a success?

3. Who travelled more quickly?

4. Did Scott’s expedition have a celebration when they got to the pole?

5. Did Scott and his companions survive the return journey?

6. Where was Scott’s diary found?

7. Why was it difficult for Oates to continue the journey?

8. What did Oates ask them to do?

9. Did Oates get better that night?

10. What was weather like?

11. What did Oates do?

12. Did he come back?

13. Did Scott and his companions think they were going to get back safely?

14. What news shocked the world?

15. What made Captain Scott and his men into heroes?

Exercise 4. (Dialogue) Answer the questions.

1. What was the noise that Nancy hears? What animal is it?

2. Was Nancy afraid?

3. Were the steps safe?

4. What did Peter find in the cellar?

5. Where did Peter go and why?

6. Where did Peter phone?

7. Whom did he speak to?

Exercise 5. Dictation-translation.

A. B. C.

Как-то утром в дверь позвонили. Это, должно быть, почтальон. Возможно, это от бабушки. Она часто присылает нам посылки. Этого не может быть. Это из Голландии. Мама не будет возражать, если мы откроем ее. В Таиланде на вас должна быть рубашка, если вы ведете машину. В Швейцарии вы не должны мыть машину, косить лужайку или вывешивать сушить одежду в воскресенье. В Сингапуре законом запрещается жевать жвачку или бросать мусор. Вы не должны курить в общественных местах. В Кентукки, США, вам запрещается выходить замуж за одного и того же человека больше трех раз. В Италии мужчинам запрещается носить юбки. В 1910 году 1 июня капитан Скотт уехал из Лондона, чтобы отправиться в экспедицию в Антарктиду. Началась гонка на Южный полюс. Амундсен отправился первым, 15 октября 1911. Он двигался быстро. Скотт и его люди должны были толкать сани сами. Скотт достиг Южного полюса вместе со своими четырьмя товарищами 17 января. Новость о гибели Скотта потрясла мир.

Grammar Exercises

Exercise 1. Put the following sentences: a) in the negative; b) in the interrogative.

1. I must get there before eight.

2. You will have to come again.

3. They must leave before dinner.

4. She must wash up all the glasses.

5. We had to change our shoes.

6. You’ll have to pay him in advance.

7. Our teacher must write it on the blackboard.

8. We had to finish it by today.

9. You must answer at once.

10. I had to read it aloud.

Exercise 2. Put disjunctive questions to the following sentences.

1. We must write to her at once.

2. The man has to return the documents.

3. You don’t have to paint the doors green.

4. I must help Mary to cook dinner.

5. They must tell their friends about the plan.

6. They have to prepare it for Sunday.

7. We don’t have to take umbrellas.

8. Mary has to wait for the teacher.

Exercise 3. Make the following sentences refer to the past.

You must do it at once. He mustn’t tell me. She has to wash the glasses. You’ll have to read it again. They must sell it at once. We shall have to leave in the morning. I must work as hard as I can.				I shall have to come again. They must change their shoes. We have to begin before 5 o’clock He mustn’t read the whole book. He has to go home early.
Exercise 4.			Change the sentences below so that they contain must.
	e.g.	She is evidently in London. She must be in London.

1. Surely, you are mistaken.

2. She is likely to be in the library.

3. I’m sure she is right.

4. It is necessary for me to go down and arrange things.

5. Probably he knows this man.

6. Of course, she will help you.

7. There is little doubt that the first experiment will be of great importance.

8. No doubt she is a talented person.

9. Evidently she does not know the rule.

10. It is most probable that they are at school.

Exercise 5. Change the sentences below using must.

e.g.

Pat is crazy if she wants to marry him. Yes, Pat must be crazy if she wants to marry him.

I’m sure he is over 60 years old. Yes, he must be 60 years old.

1. But I think he is a millionaire, isn’t he?

2. John keeps buying Mary presents. I suppose he is in love with her.

3. But he didn’t buy her anything this week. I think he is broke again.

4. Mary didn’t answer when I phoned just now. I suppose she is away for the day.

5. She’s not with John or Peter. I expect she is with that man again.

6. He’s a terrible person. I suppose she likes him for his money.

Exercise 6.			In national parks all over the world, you will find signs that show what you mustn’t do.
	e.g.	(to pick flowers) You mustn’t pick the flowers.

collect butterflies or snails drive a car or a motorbike collect stones or rocks

catch fish play radios make fires

put up tents drop litter pick mushrooms

Exercise 7. Supply suitable tenses. (Revision of Tenses)

1. We (go) to the theatre last night.

2. He usually (write) in green ink.

3. She (play) the piano when our guests (arrive) last night.

4. She just (come) in and (see) you in five minutes.

5. I (come) as soon as my work is finished. You (be) ready?

6. Where you (go) for your holidays last year?

7. I (not leave) Paris since we (visit) Dieppe three years ago.

8. My mother (come) to stay with us next weekend.

9. We (meet) only yesterday and already (decide) to get married.

10. Violets (bloom) in the spring.

11. We (not live) in England for the last two years.

12. I (lose) my keys; I cannot remember where I last (see) them.

13. I never (forget) what you just (tell) me.

14. They (prepare) the Christmas dinner today.

15. When I last (stay) in Cairo, I (ride) to the Pyramids on a camel that my friend (borrow) the day before.

Exercise 8.			Rewrite the sentences in reported speech, changing the tenses.
	e.g.	John: ‘I’m tired.’ John said that he was tired.

1. Mr Owens: ‘I remember you.’

2. The postman: ‘There aren’t any letters.’

3. Dick: ‘I have a new car.’

4. Sally: ‘Nobody wants to help me.’

5. Helen: ‘The radio doesn’t work.’

6. John: ‘I will be in Paris in July.’

7. David: ‘I can’t swim.’

8. Alice: ‘My parents are travelling.’

9. Maria: ‘The lessons are very good.’

10. Eric and Sue: ‘We haven’t heard from Joe.’

Exercise 9.			Read what John thought when he was small. Write his thoughts in reported speech.
	e.g.	Animals can talk. John thought that animals could talk.
Cats have nine lives. My father knows everything. Spaghetti grows on trees.				The teacher lives in the school. I will be rich one day. My mother has always been old.

Exercise 10.			Joe left home for university. His family gave him lots of advice. Rewrite the sentences in reported speech.
	e.g.	His mother: ‘Write every week.’ His mother told him to write every week.

1. Grandmother: ‘Don’t forget to brush your teeth.’

2. Girlfriend: ‘Write to me every day.’

3. Mother: ‘Keep your room clean.’

4. Father: ‘Work hard.’

5. Sister: ‘Don’t go to too many parties.’

6. Brother: ‘Get a lot of exercise.’

7. Mother: ‘Change your shirt every day.’

8. Father: ‘Don’t go to bed late.’

9. Brother: ‘Be careful with money.’

10. Sister: ‘Don’t play cards for money.’

11. Grandmother: ‘Eat properly.’

Exercise 11.

Fill in the article “the” if necessary.

1. ___ Canberra is the capital of ____ Australia.

2. ____ San Diego is in ____ Southern California.

3. Is ____ Amazon the longest river in ____ Latin America?

4. ____ Jamaica is an island in ____ Caribbean Sea.

5. ____ Snowdon is the highest mountain in ____ England and ____ Wales.

6. ____ Lake Michigan is in ____ United States.

7. ____ Gobi desert is in ____ Asia.

8. I could never afford to stay at hotels like ____ Brown’s or ____ Hilton.

9. Karl was born in ____ Bavaria, but now he lives in ____ Ohio.

10. We had an early dinner at ___ Leoni’s and then went to a play at ___ Globe Theatre.

Exercise 12.

Translate into English.

1. Она должна идти домой пешком? – Нет, я не хочу, чтобы она шла домой пешком. 2. Она, должно быть, очень устала после путешествия. 3. Твой паспорт, должно быть, дома. 4. Когда ты должен быть дома? – Я должен быть дома в 9 часов. 5. У меня ужасная головная боль. Я должен принять аспирин. 6. Он не должен брать книги в твое отсутствие. 7. Дедушка такой забывчивый. Ему следует записывать телефонные сообщения. 8. Он сказал, что его поезд отправляется ровно в 5. 9. Он сказал, что они встречались год назад. 10. Он сказал, что придет вовремя.

SOME MORE PRACTICE

Task 1. Read the text and answer the questions:

1. When was the North Pole conquered?

2. Did Captain Cook find a “Southern Continent”?

3. Who discovered the continent of Antarctica?

Expeditions to the North and the South Poles

The North Pole and the South Pole attracted explorers for many years. Expeditions from several countries made numerous attempts to reach the North Pole. It was conquered in 1909 by American engineer named Robert Peary, who had given twenty-three years of his life to Arctic exploration.

The South Pole presented different problems to those explorers who dared to try to reach it. Captain Cook looked for a “Southern Continent” on his voyage round the world between 1768 and 1771, but he could not find it. And on his second voyage, between 1772 and 1775, he went southwards, entering the Antarctic Circle three times. Always he was stopped by ice, no new continent was sighted, and it seemed at that time it did not exist.

However, in spite of Cook’s conclusion, Russian navigators continued the exploration of the ocean beyond the Antarctic Circle. Finally, in 1820 an expedition led by F.F. Bellingshausen and M.P. Lazarev discovered the continent of Antarctica. This continent, which stretches around the South Pole, is larger than Australia. Its coastline was gradually charted by sealers, sailing deep into the south in search of seals. A number of expeditions went south in the 19^th century, including the expedition of 1839 – 1843 led by James Ross Island are named. Gradually the outline of Antarctica took shape on the maps.

When the coast was outlined and named, the next step was to explore inland and to reach the South Pole.

Task 2. Read the text and answer the question below:

“Gratitude”

Peter worked as a night watchman in a small factory. That morning the boss came in with a suitcase. He told Peter he would be flying to New York the next day. Peter immediately told him not to. The factory owner asked why. Peter told him that he had a nightmare (кошмар). In his nightmare he had seen the next day’s plane to New York crashing. Peter’s boss cancelled his ticket and didn’t fly to New York. The next day the plane crashed. The boss thanked Peter and gave him a big present. He also sacked (уволил) him.

Why the gift, the thanks and the sacking?

(See the answer at the end of the book)

Task 3. Do you remember anything about the life and work of William Shakespeare?

William Shakespeare

A Quiz

1. William Shakespeare was the son of John Shakespeare, …

a) a successful glover and alderman

b) a poor seller

c) a rich actor

d) an ordinary farmer

2. At the age of 18, William Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had …

a) one daughter Susanna

b) three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith

c) two children: twins Hamnet and Judith

d) no children

3. W hat is the name of the theatre in London where Shakespeare worked?

4. How many periods can we find in Shakespeare's literary work?

5. Give the title for Shakespeare's famous romantic tragedy of love and death.

a) Romeo and Juliet

b) Julius Caesar

c) Merchant of Venice

d) Macbeth

6. How many sonnets did William Shakespeare write?

7. What girl falls in love with a man before she sees his face or knows his name?

8. In what play does the main hero murder the innocent wife who loves him?

9. Whose last words are “Thus with a kiss I die”?

10. We can find a famous quotation "To be or not to be; that is the question" in the play under the title …

a) Romeo and Juliet

b) Hamlet

c) Macbeth

d) A Midsummer Night's Dream

Task 4. Quotations from Shakespeare

There are some common phrases which the English own to William Shakespeare. Now they have become part of the everyday language of Englishmen.

1. «…острей зубов змеиных неблагодарность детища!» 2. «Король, король – от головы до ног!» 3. «Быть или не быть Вот в чем вопрос». 4. «Весь мир – театр. В нем женщины, мужчины – все актеры». 5. «Как безумен род людской!» 6. «Подгнило что-то в датском королевстве». 7. «…этот человек любил без меры и благоразумия».

1. “To be or not to be That is the question” 2. “All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players”. 3. “How sharper than a serpent’s tooth it is to have a thankless child…” 4. “Something is rotten in the state of Denmark”. 5. “One that loved not wisely but too well”. 6. “Every inch a king”. 7. “Lord, what fools these mortals be”.

Task 5. Could you find the proper variant of translation?

A. 1. “Neither a borrower nor a lender be”.

2. “That way madness lies”.

3. “If music be the food of love, play on”.

4. “Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo?”

5. “What’s in a name? That which we call a vose by any other name would smell as sweet”.

6. “Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow Creeps in this petty pace from day to day To the last syllable of recorded time…”

7. “Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears”.

B. 1. «О музыка, ты пища для любви! Играй же».

2. «Но это путь к безумию».

3. «Друзья, сограждане, внемлите мне».

4. «Что значит имя? Роза пахнет розой, хоть розой назови ее, хоть нет».

5. «В долг не бери и взаймы не давай».

6. «Завтра, завтра, завтра, а дни ползут, и вот уж в книге жизней читаем мы последний слог…»

7. «Ромео! Ромео, о зачем же ты Ромео!»

Task 6. Could you translate the following quotations from Shakespeare?

“Hamlet”.

1. “There is a history in all men’s lives”.

2. “Conscience does make cowards of us all”.

3. “Delays have dangerous ends”.

4. “Have more than you show. Speak less than you know”.

“Richard III”.

5. “When clouds appear wise men put on their cloaks”.

UNIT 15

Grammar: Text: Dialogue:

1. Formulas of Politeness 2. Conditionals 3. Ing-forms: Gerund and Present Participle 4. Pronouns “both, either, neither” 1. «Polite Conversation» 1. «The Smugglers»