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Гродненский государственный университет им. Я. Купалы
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  • T

    Vocabulary:

    to be obsessed

    an impact

    to log on

    a website

    a prediction

    an image

    intelligence

    to store

    to carry out

    smart

    brain

    he technology already exists, so very soon all of us are going to use our voices to give instructions to computers.

  • In the next few years, we will be communicating with our friends around the world using life-sized video images on large screens in our living rooms.

  • By the year 2030, computers will already have become more efficient and powerful than the human brain both in terms of intelligence and the amount of information they can store.

  • By the year 2040, genetic engineering and nanotechnology will enable us to live for at least 150 years. Using nanotechnology, tiny, insect-like robots may be sent around our bodies to carry out repairs and keep us healthy.

  • By the middle of the century, computers, millions of times smarter than us, will have been developed. By this time, we will be linking our brains with ‘ultra-smart’ computers. A new species might have developed – ‘Homo Cyberneticus’.

  • By the end of the century, we will have colonized our solar system and will be looking for ways to colonize deep space.

Much more interesting than horoscopes, I am sure you will agree! I’ve decided I’m going to give up astrology and take up futurology – I’ll be there in Newcastle this weekend. At nine o’clock on Saturday morning, I’ll be sitting in the front row and listening to the great Duke Willard talking about the future of my brain. If you can’t beat the future, join it!

Dialogue

«To the Old Castle»

Mr Miller: I’ll take you as far as Mc Donald’s farm. From there you can climb up to the castle.

Nancy: How do we come home again?

Peter: Oh, there’s a bus-stop near the farm.

Mr Miller: All right then, you’ll come home by bus. But not too late!

Harold: Is that McDonald’s farm?

Peter: Yes, that’s it.

Mr Miller: Be careful, eh? It’s a lonely place.

Harold: Aye, aye, sir.

Nancy: Good-bye, Father. Thanks for the lift.

H

Vocabulary:

to climb up

Thanks for the lift!

What a smell!

youngsters

to grumble

to catch a ghost

Good gracious!

to make jokes

ringing bells

a cellar

to give a hand

to get through

arold, Peter: Bye! Bye!

Nancy: There’s the farm.

Harold: Well, this is the real country.

Peter: Yes, cows, horses, sheep and pigs.

Nancy: And a lot of fowls. What a smell!

Harold: Yes.

Peter: There’s the farmer’s wife. Good afternoon, Mrs McDonald.

Mrs McDonald: Good afternoon, youngsters.

Nancy: How are you today?

Mrs McDonald: Well, I mustn’t grumble. The weather is all right. Where are you going?

Harold: To the old castle. We hope to catch a ghost.

Mrs McDonald: Good gracious! That’s no joking matter.

Nancy: Oh, he always makes jokes, Mrs McDonald.

Harold: Good-bye.

Mrs McDonald: And mind how you go. It’s very dangerous in the castle.

Peter:

Nancy:

Peter:

Harold:

Peter:

Harold:

Peter:

Harold:

Peter:

Harold:

Peter:

Nancy:

Peter:

Harold:

Peter:

Nancy:

Peter:

Nancy:

Harold:

Nancy:

Peter:

Harold:

Peter:

Harold:

Peter:

Harold:

Peter:

Harold:

Nancy:

Harold:

All right.

We must go that way. To the left.

There’s a story about this castle.

Really? What’s the story?

Well, many years ago some people tried to burn down the castle. But the old servant saved the castle by ringing the bells.

Jolly good!

But he died shortly after.

Oh, bad luck. How?

The shock was too much.

And what’s the end of the story?

Well, the ghost of the old servant still rings the bells of the old castle at midnight.

Oh, stop it, Peter. Let’s talk about something else, please.

There’s the castle. Do you see it?

I say...it’s old enough. There are only the walls and some big stones.

Yes, but under these walls are large cellars.

How do you know?

I was looking at them last week. Come on. This way.

Oh, I’m getting tired.

Let me help you. I’ll give you a hand to the top. Ready? ‘oops.

Phew. We’ve made it!

Look, there’s the sea. There’s a little boat in the distance.

Yes, it’s a fishing boat, I think.

Let’s go into the castle now.

How can we get into the castle? There’s no door.

There’s a hole in the wall here. It’s easy to get through.

Have you got your electric torch, Peter?

Yes, here it is.

Shall I go first? And you come next, Nancy.

No, I’ll stay here and wait for you.

Don’t be silly, come on. We stay together.

Grammar Notes: Forms and Patterns

  1. The Future Continuous Tense

(a)

Form:

will be

+

verb

+

ing

(present participle)

√

He will be working.

?

Will you be working?

x

They will not be working.

We can use shall instead of will with I and we. But in everyday speech we normally use the contractions I’ll and we’ll.

  1. Meaning.

We use the Future Continuous Tense:

(1) to say that something will be going on at a certain time in the future.

e.g. I’ll be having dinner at 7.00.

This time tomorrow I’ll be skiing.

(2) for planned or expected future events.

e.g. Professor Asher will be giving another lecture at the same

time next week.

(с) Time expressions used with the Future Continuous:

this time next year

at 7 tomorrow

from 5 till 7 tomorrow etc.

(d) Types of questions:

He’ll be having his dinner this time tomorrow.

  1. Will he be having his dinner this time tomorrow?

  2. Will he be having his dinner or his brunch this time tomorrow?

  3. What will he be doing this time tomorrow?

  4. He’ll be having his dinner this time tomorrow, won’t he?

  5. Who will be having dinner this time tomorrow?

2. The Future Perfect Tense

(a)

Form:

will have

+

verb + ed (past participle)

√

He will have finished.

He will have gone.

?

Will you have finished?

x

They will not have finished.

  1. Meaning.

We use the Future Perfect Tense to say that something will have been completed by a certain time in the future.

e.g. I’ll have finished breakfast by 9.00.

(с)Time expressions used with the Future Perfect:

before

by

by then

by the time etc.

(d) Types of questions:

The builder will have finished the roof by Saturday.

  1. Will the builder have finished the roof by Saturday?

  2. Will the builder have finished the roof by Saturday or by Sunday?

  3. By when will the builder have finished the roof?

  4. The builder will have finished the roof by Saturday, won’t he?

  5. Who will have finished the roof by Saturday?

  1. Modal verbs “can, could”.

  1. Forms

Positive and Negative

Questions

I

you

he/she/it

we

they

can

could

can’t

couldn’t

dance.

What

can

could

I

you

he/she/it

we

they

do?

  1. Meaning. We use can/could to express:

  1. ability: e.g. Tim can speak English well.

  2. possibility: e.g. John can be very amazing.

  3. permission: e.g. You can go now.

  4. polite request: e.g. Can (could) you change a pound note for me, please?

  5. negative deduction: e.g. You can’t be hungry now! You have just had breakfast!

(с) Types of questions:

He can swim like a fish.

  1. Can he swim like a fish?

  2. How well can he swim?

  3. He can swim like a fish, can’t he?

  4. Who can swim like a fish?

Drills

Drill 1.

Don’t call for me at six. (have a bath).

  • Don’t call for me at six. I’ll be having a bath.

  1. Don’t ring them up at seven in the morning. (sleep)

  2. Don’t send us any letters in June. (travel)

  3. Don’t call on us tonight. (pack)

  4. Don’t come to see her after lunch. (type)

  5. Don’t leave the child alone. (cry)

  6. Don’t tell Granny about it. (grumble)

  7. Don’t expect him to come next Saturday. (work)

  8. Don’t wait for Maggie tomorrow. (keep to her room)

Drill 2.

What will you be doing tomorrow afternoon? (drive to the seaside)

  • I’ll be driving to the seaside.

  1. What will she be doing on Sunday? (make a dress)

  2. What will you be doing at this time next week? (bathe in the Black Sea)

  3. What will grandfather be doing when we arrive? (work in the garden)

  4. What will he be doing at the University for five years? (study chemistry)

  5. What will they be doing at this time tomorrow? (fly to New York)

  6. What will she be doing at the concert tomorrow? (sing folk songs)

  7. What will he be doing at this time the day after tomorrow? (meet a foreign delegation)

  8. What will she be doing next term? (lecture at the University)

Drill 3.

Are you going to visit him tomorrow?

  • Will you be visiting him tomorrow?

  1. When are you going to have lunch?

  2. Are you going to visit the Hermitage this week?

  3. How long are they going to stay here?

  4. When is he going to arrive?

  5. Are you going to use this book for your report?

  6. Where is he going to spend his holidays?

  7. When are your parents going to return?

  8. Is she going to stay to tea?

  9. Are you going to watch the show tonight?

  10. Is he going to do the shopping tomorrow?

Drill 4.

Can she play the guitar?

  • Yes, she can.

  • No, she can’t.

  1. Can they lift a car?

  2. Can he clean the house?

  3. Can you walk on your knees?

  4. Can he speak Japanese?

  5. Can he wash the floor?

  6. Can she paint a door?

  7. Can I clean the house?

  1. Can I drive a car?

  2. Can you climb a tree?

  3. Can she swim across the sea?

  4. Can you catch a mouse?

  5. Can they drive a bus?

  6. Can he sing a song?

  7. Can she play the drums?

Drill 5.

see

  • Can you see it? – Yes, it is easy to see.

  1. hear

  2. read

  1. eat

  2. understand

  1. believe

  2. find

  1. 7. do

Drill 6.

borrow the camera

  • You can borrow my camera if you want to.

  1. use my phone

  2. take photographs

  3. ride a horse

  4. use a sewing machine

  1. drive my car

  2. use a pocket calculator

  3. borrow a bike

Drill 7.

I can’t go.

  • If you can’t go, I won’t go either.

  1. I can’t remember.

  2. I can’t tell.

  3. I can’t believe.

  4. I can’t understand.

  5. I can’t study.

  1. I can’t write.

  2. I can’t eat.

  3. I can’t speak.

  4. I can’t play.

  5. I can’t run.

Drill 8.

you – do

  • Can you do it today? – No, but I could do it tomorrow.

  1. he – hide

  2. they – keep

  3. she – make

  4. I – reach

  1. she – sing

  2. she – wear

  3. you – promise

  4. he – decide

Drill 9.

How well can you do these things?

Very well? Quite well? A bit? Not at all?

  • I can swim quite well.

  • I can’t speak French at all.

  1. play football

  2. drive a car

  3. take photographs

  4. play table tennis

  5. use a sewing machine

  6. use a pocket calculator

  7. ride a bicycle

  8. play the guitar

  9. speak Japanese

  1. ride a horse

  2. sail a boat

  3. understand sign language

  4. type

  5. cook

  6. dive

  7. dance

  8. paint

  9. act

Drill 10.

We can see the sea from our bedroom window.

  • We could see the sea from our bedroom window.

  1. Tom can drive.

  2. She can understand English.

  3. I can express my thoughts in English.

  4. We can spell these words.

  1. He can speak Spanish.

  2. They can swim very fast.

  3. Tom can play tennis.

  4. He can speak English fluently.

Drill 11.

Speak Russian – speak English

  • I could speak Russian when I was 4, but I couldn’t speak English until I was 16.

  1. walk – talk

  2. count to ten – do geometry

  3. say the alphabet – read

  4. write your name – write a letter

  1. swim – dive

  2. play football – play chess

  3. boil an egg – cook a meal

  4. ride a bicycle – drive
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