The science of indirectly manipulating an organism's genes using techniques like molecular cloning and transformation to alter the structure and nature of genes is called genetic engineering. Genetic engineering can bring about a great amount of transformation in the characteristics of an organism by the manipulation of DNA, which is like the code inscribed in every cell determining how it functions. Like any other science, genetic engineering also has pros and cons. Let us look at some of them. Pros of Genetic Engineering Better Taste, Nutrition and Growth Rate Crops like potato, tomato, soybean and rice are currently being genetically engineered to obtain new strains with better nutritional qualities and increased yield. The genetically engineered crops are expected to have the capacity to grow on lands that are presently not suitable for cultivation. The manipulation of genes in crops is expected to improve their nutritional value as also their rate of growth. Biotechnology, the science of genetically engineering foods, can be used to impart a better taste to food. Pest-resistant Crops and Longer Shelf life Engineered seeds are resistant to pests and can survive in relatively harsh climatic conditions. The plant gene At-DBF2, when inserted in tomato and tobacco cells is seen to increase their endurance to harsh soil and climatic conditions. Biotechnology can be used to slow down the process of food spoilage. It can thus result in fruits and vegetables that have a greater shelf life. Genetic Modification to Produce New Foods Genetic engineering in food can be used to produce totally new substances such as proteins and other food nutrients. The genetic modification of foods can be used to increase their medicinal value, thus making home-grown edible vaccines available. Modification of Genetic Traits in Humans Genetic engineering has the potential of succeeding in case of human beings too. This specialized branch of genetic engineering, which is known as human genetic engineering is the science of modifying genotypes of human beings before birth. The process can be used to manipulate certain traits in an individual. Boost Positive Traits, Suppress Negative Ones Positive genetic engineering deals with enhancing the positive traits in an individual like increasing longevity or human capacity while negative genetic engineering deals with the suppression of negative traits in human beings like certain genetic diseases. Genetic engineering can be used to obtain a permanent cure for dreaded diseases.

Modification of Human DNA If the genes responsible for certain exceptional qualities in individuals can be discovered, these genes can be artificially introduced into genotypes of other human beings. Genetic engineering in human beings can be used to change the DNA of individuals to bring about desirable structural and functional changes in them. Cons of Genetic Engineering May Hamper Nutritional Value Genetic engineering in food involves the contamination of genes in crops. Genetically engineered crops may supersede natural weeds. They may prove to be harmful for natural plants. Undesirable genetic mutations can lead to allergies in crops. Some believe that genetic engineering in foodstuffs can hamper their nutritional value while enhancing their taste and appearance. May Introduce Harmful Pathogens Horizontal gene transfer can give rise to new pathogens. While increasing the immunity to diseases in plants, the resistance genes may get transferred to the harmful pathogens. May Lead to Genetic Defects Gene therapy in human beings can have certain side effects. While treating one defect, the therapy may lead to another. As one cell is responsible for many characteristics, the isolation of cells responsible for a single trait is indeed difficult. Detrimental to Genetic Diversity Genetic engineering can hamper the diversity in human beings. Cloning can be detrimental to individuality. Moreover, such processes may not be affordable for the masses, thus making gene therapy, an impossibility for the common man. Genetic engineering may work wonders but it is after all a process of manipulating the natural. It is altering something that is not originally created by man. Is playing with nature really safe? By Manali Oak Read more at Buzzle: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/pros-and-cons-of-genetic-engineering.html

S train спадковість; спадкоємна риса

Impart надавати, наділяти

Harsh суворий, різкий

Climatic

Spoilage

shelf life строк зберігання

medicinal

edible їстівний, придатний для їжі

Vaccine

genotype

Boost підвищувати

Longevity

Dreaded

Hamper заважати, перешкоджати; утрудняти, обмежувати рух

Contamination забруднення, зараження, опоганення, спаплюження

Supersede заміняти; міняти; витісняти

Weed бур'ян

Pathogen

Detrimental який заподіює збиток, шкоду; шкідливий, пагубний

B lack – The Root of Being

Black Symbolizes: Grounding, Protection, Power, Elegance

Verb: I am

Black Energy: Black is cloaked in mystery. We hunger to know its secrets, yet we fear what may be revealed. As human beings, we yearn to unravel life’s secrets even as we fear the unknown. This desire/ fear response is the essential enigma of darkness. We are simultaneously drawn to and afraid of the mysteries within black.

Black is a powerful, bold and dramatic presence: heavy, dominating, and pervasive.

Symbolizes confidence, self-control and resilience. Black denotes strength and authority.

It is considered to be a very formal, elegant, and prestigious color (black tie, black Mercedes). A black suit or that "must have little black dress" can make you look thinner and sophisticated.

Meaning of black is authoritative and powerful; because black can evoke strong emotions too much can be overwhelming.

It is also mysterious, providing a sense of potential and possibility. Black is a color often shrouded in confusion. Many individuals shy away from Black or using Black, especially when using Color Therapy. Black is actually a protective color. It can be used to calm and ground extremely sensitive people. It activates the feminine or magnetic energies of the body, strengthening them.

Black is not a color, strictly speaking. It is the absence of all color. When people speak of opposites, it is usually in terms of black and white. Black, and its opposite white represent polarities. Black absorbs all aspects of light. While white reveals, black conceals.

Black contrasts well with bright colors. Combined with red or orange – other very powerful colors – black gives a very aggressive color scheme. Keywords for Meaning of Black: elegance, formal, dramatic, sophistication, bold, confidence, strength, power, protection, mysterious, authority, classy, committed, serious, depth, wealth, absence of color, grounding, style, classic, polished, secrecy, seriousness, underground, hiding, aggressive, survival, self-control. Black Words: These words are synonymous with black or represent various shades of the color black: ebony, jet, ink, lampblack, coal, soot, charcoal, raven, midnight, obsidian, onyx, sable.

Using Black with Other Colors: Be careful using black with very dark colors. It can work, but if the colors are too similar they blend together. Black works well with bright, jewel-toned shades of red, blue, and green. Black is the ultimate dark color and makes lighter colors such as yellow really pop out. Black and gray is a conservative combo as is medium or light blue and black. Black combined with pink gives your design a feeling of strength yet feminine.

Black Gemstones: Black Obsidian, Black Onyx, Black Tourmaline, Hematite, Black Jasper, Black Diamond, Chinese Writing Stone, Snowflake Obsidian, Black Sapphire, Rainbow Obsidian, Meteroite, Tektite, Lava Stone, Lava Rock, Black Agate.

Black in Feng Shui: Seriousness and justice, deep waters, the darkness of winter. Not usually considered lucky, but when used in balance with other colors it can absorb negative chi. Black or dark blue are best for the Career & Life Path area of your home.