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Неполные (эллиптические) предложения

Если в прямой речи опущены части предложений, они восстанавливаются (предположительно, по смыслу) в косвенной речи:

Прямая речь

Косвенная речь

Nick: Feeling out of sorts? Michael: Rather. Nick: Private trouble? Michael: Yes, the children are getting unmanageable.

Nick asked Michael why he was feeling out of sorts. Michael said it was because of the children. They were getting unmanageable.

Mrs Armstrong: I say, Peter. Oo you know the latest sensation? The Browns are applying for a divorce.

Mrs Armstrong told her husband sensational news. She said the Browns were applying for a divorce.

Mr Armstrong: Sounds incredible. They seemed so attached to each other.

Mr Armstrong: Never expected it myself.

Mr Armstrong was very much surprised and said it sounded incredible, for the Browns had seemed very attached to each other. His wife said she had never expected it herself.

СИНТАКСИС

240

Повелительные предложения и просьбы

Повелительные предложения в косвенной речи вводятся одним из следующих глаго- лов: to tell, to order, to ask, to command, to beg, to request и др. Выбор глагола зависит от характера просьбы или приказа. Наиболее нейтральным является глагол to ask. To beg используется в очень вежливых и эмоциональных просьбах.

За глаголом следует имя существительное в общем падеже или местоимение в объ- ектном падеже.

При превращении повелительного предложения в косвенную речь, глагол в повели- тельном наклонении заменяется инфинитивом, в отрицательном предложении инфини- тиву предшествует частица not:

Прямая речь

Косвенная речь

The doctor said to the patient, "Keep the bed for some days".

The doctor told the patient to keep the bed for some days.

Peter said to Mary, "Would you mind ringing me up at nine?"

Peter asked Mary to ring him up at nine.

The lieutenant said to the soldiers, "Get ready for the march".

The lieutenant ordered (commanded) his soldiers to get ready for the march.

The teacher said to the pupils, "Dont't talk".

The teacher told his pupils not to talk.

He said to me, "Let's go to the pictures".

He invited me to go to the pictures.

Betty said to her friend, "Do stay with us a little longer".

Betty begged her friend to stay with them a little longer.

Разговорные формулы Приветствие и прощание

Для передачи приветствия в косвенной речи используются следующие фразы:

Приветствия

Прощание

Не greeted them. They greeted each other. He welcomed them.

He said good-bye to... He bade them good-bye. He took his leave. He took leave of... He wished them good night.

Фразы, употребляемые в приветствиях и прощаниях (It's good to see you; See you soon; Very good of you to come и т.д.), могут не переводиться в косвенную речь:

Прямая речь

Косвенная речь

"Hello, Tom". "Hello, Jack".

Tom and Jack greeted each other.

241

THE INDIRECT SPEECH (Косвенная речь)

Прямая речь

Косвенная речь

"Happy to see you at my place, Mary", Betty said.

Betty welcomed Mary saying that she was happy to see her at her place.

Tom called, "Good night, Mary," as he went down the steps.

He said, "Good-bye, Helen."

Tom wished Mary good night as he went down the steps.

1) He said good-bye to Helen. 2) He bade Helen good-bye. 3) He took leave of Helen. 4) He took his leave.