Step 1 Different Categories of Water as for Habitats of Aquaculture (Speaking-Reading –Speaking Writing)

1.1. Read and pronounce correctly the following words:

Habitats, brackish, estuaries, tidal, negligible, through, thrive, magnitude, species, mullet, salmon, augment, fertilization, acceptable.

1.2. Read and translate the following words:

Ocean, characteristics, fauna, lagoon, naturally, regime, phase, polyculture, specific, artificial, major, Israel.

Exercise 1.3. Translate the following words, pay attention to the word-building affixes:

Exercise – to exercise

Nature – natural – naturally

To vary – variant – various – variable

Intense – intensity – intensive

To accept – accepted – acceptable

Character – characterize – characteristic – characteristics

Depend – dependent - dependence

1.4. Words for the text comprehension:

Fresh	прісний
Brackish	солонуватий
Back water	затока, лиман
Inland	територія віддалена від моря
Salt	солоний
Content	зміст, склад
Selective	відбірний
Estuary	естуарій, дельта річки
Tide	приплив
Negligible	неважливий, незначний
Notwithstanding	хоча, незважаючи на…
Magnitude	розмір, магнитуда
Fin	плавець
Mullet	кефаль
Salmon	лосось
Shrimp	креветка

1.5. Read and translate text a, support your viewpoint by appropriate information found in the text, considering the question: Different categories of water as for habitats of aquaculture.

Text A. Different categories of water as for habitats of Aquaculture

As habitats of aquaculture, there are three categories of waters: fresh, salt and brackish.

Fresh waters generally abound in the inland areas of a country.

Salt waters of the seas and oceans are characterized by a wide difference in their salinities ranging from nil in the former to nearly 35 ppt in the latter. The difference in salinity within each category of water, fresh and sea is restricted to rather narrow limits. The salt content of fresh and sea water exercises a very selective influence on the fauna and flora that live in each type of water.

Brackish waters normally naturally occur in estuaries, deltas of rivers, lagoons and backwaters, which everywhere in the world are under tidal regime. In such habitats the salinity of the water fluctuates widely between negligible to 35 ppt, depending on the phase of the tide and volume of fresh water discharged through the river into the sea.

Apart from salinity of the water, its temperature exercises a selective influence on fish that thrive there e.g. warm-water fish as contrasted with temperate or coldwater fish. A river may have and usually does have a coldwater section in its upper reaches and a warm-water section in its middle and lower reaches.