Unit eight

• Grammar: Participle II.

Degrees of Comparison.

• Word-formation: Prefixes de-, re-.

LESSON ONE

Pre-text Exercises

I. Practise the reading of the following words:

device, to device, digital, precision, design, equation, mainframe, bubble, hardware, tremendous, software.

II. Make sure if you can read these words correctly and say what words in the Russian language help you to guess their meaning:

computer, mathematician, mechanical, algebra, logician, coded, formulating, symbolically, differential, analyzer, program, cylindri-cally, transistor, production, electronic, miniaturization, technology, integrated, efficient, magnetic, information, packed, scale.

III. a) Give the initial forms of the following words:

scientists, invented, calculating, devices, developed, formulating, advances, introduced, units, stores, computing, shaped, circuits, names, capacities, devised, machines, designing;

b)Give the initial words of the following derivatives:

invention, development, mechanical, notable, digital, symbolically, faster, production, electronic, researcher, earlier, storage, magnetic, densely, equipment.

IV. a) Form verbs adding the prefixes a) de- and b) re- to the given verbs and translate them:

Example: a) to code — кодировать, to decode-декодировать;

b) to colour — красить, to recolour — перекрашивать

a ) to compose, to couple, to generate, to activate, to tune, to magnetize, to polarize, to energize, to excitate, to clutch, to camp, to carbonize, to frost, to control, to mount, to form;

b) to arm, to arrange, to consider, to count, to cover, to model, to construct, to name, to equip, to build, to make, to move, to organize, to place, to produce, to distribute, to measure, to create, to use.

V. Make sure if you remember the meaning of the following verbs. Consult a dictionary:

to calculate, to invent, to continue, to provide, to propose, to result (in), to enable, to design, to store, to contain, to undertake, to complete, to need, to prove, to expect.

VI. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the degrees of comparison:

A. 1. This classroom is larger and lighter than other classrooms. It is the largest and the lightest room here. 2. Mathematics is more important for technical students than many other subjects 3. Lesson 3 is much easier than lesson 4. 4. This article is much more interesting than that one. 5. Exercise 10 is the most difficult one. 6.This instrument is more efficient than the other one. 7. This town is as large as that one. 8. These engines are not so powerful as those motors. 9. The speed of our first sputniks was as big as 11 kilometres per second.

B. 1. The nearer the earth, the denser the atmosphere. 2. The higher the voltage, the higher is the electron velocity. 3. The bigger the mass, the bigger the weight of the body. 4. The higher the temperature, the more rapid is the motion of the molecules. 5. The greater the number of free electrons in a substance, the better this substance conducts electricity.

VII. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the functions of Participle II:

1. The discovery mentioned remained unknown to most scientists for a long time. 2. The equipment tested required further improvement. 3. When passed through a motor, electric current can do work. 4. The students have conducted all the experiments. 5. These instruments recorded the cosmic rays and the information obtained was sent back by the radar to the ground. 6. When heated, a magnet loses some of its magnetism. 7, The results received changed with material used. 8. Unless repaired, this part cannot be used in the radio set. 9. The substances investigated showed quite interesting properties. 10. When developed, the device was used for amplification of radio signals. 11. The developed technology enables us to improve the quality of articles produced. 12. The first laser was developed in 1960. 13. The methods introduced received general recognition. 14. If frozen, water becomes ice. 15. The device used in our work is up-to-date. 16. The apparatus tested is looked upon as an experimental one. 17. When required, these data will be applied in our practical work. 18. The investigation analyzed resulted in an interesting discovery.

VIII. Match up the words which are opposite in meaning:

1. fast, expensive, early, high, tremendous;

2. low, late, tiny, cheap, slow.

IX. Listen to the following tape-recorded lexical programme. Try to memorize all word-groups:

■ mechanical calculating machine— механическая счетная машина ■ digital computer — цифровой компьютер - analog computer — аналоговый компьютер analytical engine — аналитическая машина ■ sequence of instructions — последовательность инструкций (команд) ■ logical statement — логическое утверждение ■ tin a way similar to — способом, подобным чему-л. ■ differential analyzer — дифференциальный анализатор ■ to make an important contribution to — внести важный вклад в ■ solid-state device — твердотельное устройство ■ the continued miniaturization — продолжавшаяся миниатюризация ■ integrated circuit — интегральная схема ■ highspeed mainframe — быстродействующая (универсальная) вычисли­тельная машина ■ tremendous memory capacities — огромные емкости памяти ■ auxiliary storage equipment — вспомогательное запоминающее оборудование (устройство) ■ bubble — цилиндрический магнитный домен (ЦМД) и magnetic bubble unit — устройство на цилиндрических магнитных доменах ■ semiconductorlike chip — кристалл полупроводникового типа ■ a very large-scale integrated circuit (VLSI) — сверхбольшая интегральная схема (СБИС) ■ to devise hardware and software - изобретать аппаратные и программные средства (обеспечение).

LESSON TWO

I. Before reading text A say what you know about computers.

II. Study text A. Try to understand all details. Use a dictionary if necessary.