Text 6 Understanding - Why School Violence is Happening

Task 1. Read and translate this text.

I would like to comment about this most recent incident of school violence in Santana High School and the other school violence that has been threatened in many schools so recently. The perpetrators of these acts are Indigo Children as are many other children in our schools today and these acts can be prevented.

First of all, what's an Indigo Child? Indigos are often very intelligent and creative, but also nonconformist and have great distaste for 'systems' and any sort of authority. Many have symptoms of attention deficit disorder and may be coded as such, but most of them CAN focus on something they find interesting and of value. They are often very emotionally sensitive. Indigos are either very compassionate and caring or are just the opposite and rather callous and apathetic. I believe Indigos who are callous and the most likely ones to become violent are those who have put up so much emotional shielding because of emotional pain as a child that they no longer care and do wish to cause harm to people in revenge for the pain in their lives. Indigos are usually very intuitive and have metaphysical gifts and talents as well. They need to be seen as equals no matter what their age.

If Indigos are supported and loved, they will soar and bring great wonders to the world. If they are not, tragic results such as suicides and school violence can occur. This information is SO important to bring to the world. Being Indigo is not a disorder and not all Indigos are bad. It's a Spiritual Evolution that manifests physically and appears to be a Cultural Revolution. This is the new Aquarian energy. It is time to change the way we raise and teach our children!

How can we prevent this? By understanding the Indigos by learning how to work with them effectively, we can prevent this sort of problem. Indigos need to be seen as equals with adults. They need to be given respect. They need to be given the FREEDOM to develop, balanced with SUPERVISION and SAFETY limits.

Indigos are going to change the world. They are going to overturn the systems we currently have, starting with the schools. Things are going to get much worse before they get better. Let’s take the hint and start changing things so they work for today’s kids!

Task 2. Give a list of personal qualities of an Indigo Child according to the text.

Unit II

“Disorders and Disabilities of Childhood”

Text 7 Disorders of Childhood

Task 1. Read and translate this text.

Many disorders seen in adults can occur in children. However, there is a group of disorders usually first diagnosed in children. This chapter reviews only the more common disorders. Child psychiatric assessment requires attention to details of a child's stage of development, family structure and dynamics, and normative age-appropriate behavior. Consulting with parents and obtaining information from schools, teachers, and other involved parties (e.g., Department of Social Services/Youth Services) are essential to proper assessment.

Children, especially young children, usually express emotion in a more concrete (less abstract) way than adults. Consequently, child interviews require more concrete queries (Do you feel like crying? instead of Are you sad?). Playing games, taking turns telling stories, and imaginative play are often used to gain insight into the child's emotional and interpersonal life. During play, observations are also made regarding activity level, motor skills, and verbal expression. Children are much more likely than adults to have co morbid mental disorders, making diagnosis and treatment more complicated.

The complexities of diagnosis in child psychiatry often require the use of psychological testing. It yields a verbal score, a performance score, and a full-scale score (both verbal and performance) or intelligence quotient (IQ).

There are many other tests and objective rating scales designed to measure behavior (e.g., impulsiveness, physical activity), perceptual-motor skills (by drawing people, placing pegs in appropriately shaped holes), and personality style (by describing what is happening in an ambiguous scene).

Because seizure activity or subtle electroencephalographic abnormalities are common in certain child psychiatric disorders, an electroencephalogram (EEG) may be warranted. The evaluation of mental retardation usually involves a search for possible causes.

Task 2. Answer the questions:

1). Can many disorders seen in adults occur in children?

2).What details does child psychiatric assessment require attention to?

3).What is essential to proper assessment?

4). How do young children usually express emotion?

5). In what way can you gain insight into the child's emotional and interpersonal life?

6). What for are also observations made during play?

7). What is psychological testing used for?

8). What tests and objective rating scales are usually used?

Task 3. Translate into Russian:

To occur, assessment (syn. evaluation), to require, obtaining information, essential, consequently, queries, to gain, observation, disorder, complexities (pl.), ambiguous scene, to be warranted, retardation.

Task 4. Match A, B and C:

A B C

disorders	-an opinion or a judgment about smth that had been thought about very carefully.	I was astonished by the … of that situation.
assessment	-the features of a problem or situation that are difficult to understand.	Most information was collected by direct … of the children’s behavior.
observation	-an illness that causes a part or the body to stop functioning correctly.	Objective …. of the severity of the problem was difficult.
complexities	-the act of watching smb/smth carefully for a period of time, especially to learn something.	He was suffering from some form of psychiatric …

Task 5. Translate the given expressions paying attention to Participle I, II, Gerund:

Disorders seen in adults, disorders usually first diagnosed, consulting with parents, scales designed to measure behavior, by drawing people, by describing what is happening.

Task 6. Translate into English:

Стадия развития ребенка, эмоциональный и внутренний мир ребенка, наблюдение, нормативы поведения данного возраста, состав семьи, консультация с родителями, полученная информация от учителей, конкретные вопросы, сложности диагностики, психологическое тестирование, моторика, собственный стиль поведения.

Task 7. Complete the sentences:

1). Many disorders seen in adults can…

2). Child psychiatric assessment requires attention to details of…

3).Children, especially young children, usually express emotion in …

4). Playing games, taking turns telling stories, and imaginative play are often used to …

5). During play, observations are also made regarding…

6).The complexities of diagnosis in child psychiatry often require the use of …

7). There are many other tests and objective rating scales designed to …

8). The evaluation of mental retardation usually involves a …

PART I

Mood Disorders

Text 8

Mood disorders

Task 1. Read and translate this text in writing.

Mood disorders are among the most common diagnoses in psychiatry. Mood is a persistent emotional state (as differentiated from affect, which is the external display of feelings). There are three major categories of mood disorders according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: unipolar mood disorders, bipolar mood disorders, and mood disorders having a known etiology.

The best available evidence suggests that mood disorders lie on a continuum with normal mood. Although mania and depression are often viewed as opposite ends of the mood spectrum, they can occur simultaneously in a single individual within a brief period, giving rise to the concept of mixed mood states.

Mood disorders are characterized by a disturbance in the regulation of mood, behavior, and affect. Mood disorders are subdivided into (1) depressive disorders, (2) bipolar disorders, and (3) depression in association with medical illness or alcohol and substance abuse. Depressive disorders are differentiated from bipolar disorders by the absence of a manic or hippomanic episode. The relationship between pure depressive syndromes and bipolar disorders is not well understood; depression is more frequent in families of bipolar individuals, but the reverse is not true. In the Global Burden of Disease Study conducted by the World Health Organization, unipolar major depression ranked fourth among all diseases in terms of disability-adjusted life years and was projected to rank second by year 2020. In the United States, lost productivity directly related to depression has been estimated at $44 billion per year.

Task 2. Translate into Russian:

Mood disorders, persistent emotional state, known etiology, available evidence, mania, depression, subdivided into, medical illness, substance abuse.

Task 3. Complete the sentences:

1). Mood disorders are…

2). Mood is a…

3). Mood disorders are characterized by…

4). Mood disorders are subdivided into…