- •Introduction
- •Topic 1: principles of translation
- •1.1. Notes on the Profession of the Translator
- •1.2. Professional pride
- •1.3. Income
- •1.4. Speed
- •1.5. Enjoyment
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in the Topic
- •Keeping Trees Healthy and Safe
- •Topic 2: theory of interpretation
- •2.1. Background of interpretation theory (it)
- •2.2. First translation of the Bible as a milestone in the history of interpretation and the development of world civilization.Later history of interpretation
- •St. Jerome’s Oath
- •2.3. Deciphering the inscriptions on the Rosetta stone
- •2.4. A brief history of interpretation in the 20th Century
- •Birds and Butterflies
- •Health and Natural Balance with Patchouli
- •Topic 3: interpretation and contemporary life
- •3.1. XX century as a “golden age” of interpretation
- •3.2. Conference interpreting, professional training and diplomatic interpretation in XX century
- •3.3. Stagnation in economy – boom of interpretation
- •3.4. Interpretation in the New Millennium
- •3.5. The Very Beginning of Simultaneous Interpretation
- •Microbial Insecticides
- •Topic 4: interpretation activity
- •4.1. Translation and Interpretation Modes
- •4.2. Specific Skills required for interpreting
- •4.3. Simultaneous translation as a special kind of translating
- •4.4. Professional ethics and moral code of interpreters
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in previous topics
- •Big agribusiness draws cash
- •Topic 5: perception and understanding of messages in interpreting
- •5.1. Sense Perception and Understanding
- •5.2. The “Inner Speech” of the Interpreter
- •5.3. Interpreting without “Understanding” the Sense
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in the topic
- •1.Beneficial Insects
- •2. Kozak boat discovered in Dnipro River
- •Topic 6: types of contexts and contextual relationships in oral discourse
- •6.1. Text, Context and Discourse
- •6.2. Types of Contexts and Contextual Relationships
- •6.3. Recommendations for interpreters
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in topic 6
- •1.A Diet of Worms and Butterflies
- •2.Solarizing Soil
- •Topic 7: semantic aspects of interpretation
- •7.1. Semantic Structure of the Oral Message and its Main Components
- •7.2. The Role of the Rhematic Components
- •In Comprehending and Interpreting Oral Messages
- •7.3. Rendering “evaluative component” of messages in interpreting
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in topic 7
- •The Potential of Natural Fertilizers
- •Open Heart Surgery: a Matter of Life and Death
- •Topic 8: semantic redundancy of oral messages. Interpreter's note–taking
- •8.1. Semantic Redundancy as one of the Main Properties of Oral Discourse
- •8.2. Ways of Ensuring Semantic Redundancy of Oral Messages
- •8.3. Semantic Redundancy: Recommendations for Interpreters
- •8.4. Interpreter's Note–taking
- •Basic interpetation and linguistic terms used in topic 8
- •How the Zero was Discovered
- •Legacy of Death, bad Health lingers from Chornobyl blast
- •Topic 9: lexical aspects of interpretation
- •9.1. The Notion of the “Focus of Meaning”
- •9.2. Subject Field Terms: Ways of Interpreting Them
- •9.3. Clichés and Idioms as an Interpretation Problem
- •9.4. “Troublemaking” Lexical Units: Numerals, Proper Names, Specific Items of the National Lexicon, Abbreviations, Acronyms and “Misleading Words”
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in topic 9
- •Blood-sucking leeches popular for treatments
- •Topic 10: "gaps" in perception of oral discourse and ways of "filling them in" in interpreting
- •10.1. The Notion of "Gaps" in Perceiving Original Texts
- •10.2. Phonological "Gaps"
- •10.3. Lexical "Gaps"
- •10.4. Grammatical "Gaps"
- •10.5. Ways of Filling in the "Gaps" in Interpreting
- •10.6. Ways of Fighting Phonological Complications Caused by Accents and Dialects
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in topic 10
- •Life without It is only Silence
- •Topic 11: problems of translating idioms
- •11.1. Knowing Idioms is the Way to Speak Like a Native
- •11.2. Grammatical Nature of Idioms
- •11.3. Etymology of Idioms
- •11.4. How to Learn Idioms and Practice Them
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms
- •Tricky translations
- •In the text below you will find various word combinations using the word “job”. Their translations into Ukrainian follow in brackets:
- •Looking for a job
- •Topic 12: levels and components of interpretation. Interpreter’s challenges. Conference interpreting
- •12.1. Communication during Two-way Interpretation
- •Interpreter
- •12.2. Two Levels of Interpretation
- •12.3. Triad of Interpretation Process
- •12.4. Specifics and Situations in Interpreting Process
- •12.5. Factor of Time
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms
- •One monument to two events: Christianization, municipal rights
- •Farmland Moratorium end likely to be Unpredictable
- •Topic 13: precision and basis information, their distinctions and importance for interpretation adequacy
- •13.1. Constituents of Precision and Basis Information
- •13.2. Rendering pi in the Process of Interpretation
- •13.3. Undesirable Situations of Two-way Interpretation. Interpretation Pitfalls and Traps – How to Avoid Them
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in topic 13
- •The Brain’s Response to Nicotine
- •The Braine Response to Methamphetamine
- •Why I am a Pilot
- •Topic 14: characteristic peculiarities of professional interpretation
- •14.1. Intellectual Requirements
- •14.2. Requirements to Interpretation Adequacy
- •14.3. Memory and Interpretation
- •Organic farming takes root in countryside as people seek healthier food alternatives
- •Topic 15: analysis and synthesis during
- •Interpretation process
- •15.1. Two Stages of Interpretation Process
- •15.2. Understanding and Extraction of Meaningful Units
- •1.Hearing and the Types of Noises
- •2. Guess and Intuition
- •3. To See a Speaker
- •4. Automatism of Synthesis
- •5. Complicated is Simpler
- •15.3. Interpretation Typology
- •15.4. Constituents of Training Interpretation
- •15.5. Constituents of Real Interpretation and Ways of Achieving Adequacy
- •15.6. Subtypes of Professional Interpretation
- •The Price of Progress
- •Topic 16: hearing as the basic requirement to understanding
- •16.1. Hearing
- •16.2. The language of the original speech
- •16.3. The country of the speaker
- •16.4. The case of the speaker who uses a foreign language
- •16.5. Accents
- •16.6. Provincialisms
- •16.7. Subject Matter
- •16.8. General Culture
- •Topic 17: basic types of professional two-way interpretation (pti)
- •17.1. Dialogue Translation
- •17.2. Informal Two-way Interpretation Without Note-making
- •17.3. Official Two-way Interpreting Without Note-taking (Liaison Formal Interpreting)
- •17.5. Consecutive Discourse Interpreting
- •If salt loses its flavour
- •After losing West’s trust, ag firms looking to China
- •Basic Interpretation Analogues for the Text
- •Topic 18: combined types of interpretation
- •18.1. Sight translation
- •18.2. Sight translation with the help of dictaphone
- •18.3. Cinema/Video/tv-translation
- •18.4. Cinema/Video/tv-translation Without Preparation
- •18.5. Cinema/Video/tv-translation with Preliminary Preparation
- •18.6. Screen Translation as a Combined Type of Interpreting
- •Ukrainian exodus to North America
- •Topic 19: specialized interpretation
- •19.1. Details of Working in Different Spheres of Professional Communication
- •19.2. Forms of Initial Voice Information (for all Genres)
- •19.3. General-political Informational (Diplomatic) Discourse/Dialogue Interpreting
- •19.4. Phraseology in Interpretation
- •Donors Help Ukraine Cut High Infant Mortality Rate How Ukraine is changing childbirth practices
- •Topic 20: specialized interpretation (Continued)
- •20.1. Scientific and Technical Translation (Performances, Seminars, Lectures, Reports)
- •20.2. Special Terminological Abbreviations (Reductions, Shortenings)
- •20.3. Scientific-popular Translation (Lecture, Conversation, etc.)
- •As Demand for Rice Climbs, International Trade Falls
- •Vietnam pledges to punish rice speculators
- •Topic 21: specialized interpretation (Continued)
- •21.1. Judicial Two-way Interpreting
- •21.2. Sermon (Religious Genre)
- •21.3. Art Criticism Genre (Lecture, Excursion, Report)
- •Make oral translation of the sentences, paying attention to the adverb never, stylistic invertion and some other lexical and grammatical nuances:
- •The Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra
- •The Grounds of the upper Lavra
- •The Holy Trinity Gate Church
- •The Church of St. Nicolas
- •The Cells of the Councel Elders
- •Topic 22: language, speech and presentation skills
- •22.1. Culture of Language and Speech
- •22.2. Culture of Language and General Culture
- •22.3. Literary Language Norm
- •22.4. External Culture of Speech in the Process of Interpretation
- •22.5. Some Recommendations
- •22.6. Typical Mistakes in the Process of Interpretation
- •22.7. Interpretation Traps. Pitfalls and Gaffes in Grammar, Style and Lexis
- •22.8. Paradoxical Mistakes. Paralysis by Analysis
- •Applications of Agroecology
- •Topic 23: theory of interpreter’s note-taking
- •23.1. General Ideas
- •23.2. Type of Notes
- •23.3. Logical Analysis
- •23.4. Language of the Notes
- •23.5. Symbols and Abbreviations
- •Specific types of fish farms
- •Integrated recycling systems
- •Indoor fish farming
- •Topic 24: theory of interpreter’s note-taking (Continued)
- •24.1. Interrelation of Ideas
- •24.2. Preparation
- •24.3. Rearrangement of the Speech
- •24.4. Poetry
- •Pellagra
- •Topic 25: simultaneous translation
- •25.1. Psychological, Physical, and Linguistic Difficulties of Simultaneous Translation
- •25.2. Difference Between Professional Simultaneous Interpretation and Other Kinds of Interpretation
- •25.3. The Main Requirements to Professional Simultaneous Interpretation
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in topic 25
- •The Koala and Its Amazing Features
- •Topic 26: functional system of simultaneous interpretation. Anticipation in simultaneous interpretation
- •26.1. Functional System of Simultaneous Interpretation
- •26.2. Anticipation in Simultaneous Interpretation
- •The Power Plant in the Microcosmos: The atp Synthesis
- •Topic 27: compression and expansion
- •27.1. Compression and its Types in Simultaneous Interpretation Compression
- •27.2. Syllabic and Syntactic Compression
- •27.3. Lexical and Semantic Compression
- •27.4. Expansion in Simultaneous Interpretation
- •Topic 28: grammatical difficulties турical of interpretation
- •28.1. Grammatical Difficulties in Understanding Oral Texts
- •28.2. Rendering the English Articles
- •28.3. Rendering the Tense Forms of the Verb
- •28.4. Difficulties in Rendering the Forms Expressing Unreality
- •28.5 Difficulties in Rendering of the Affirmative and Negative Constructions
- •28.6 Comprehension of the "Inner Syntactic Structure" of the Source Language Messages by Simultaneous Interpreters
- •28.7. Word Order and Functional Sentence Perspective of Messages: Recommendations for Simultaneous Interpreters
- •28.8 Syntactic Transformations in Simultaneous Interpretation
- •28.9. Simultaneous Interpreting in the Environment of Complicated Bilingual Communication
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in Topic 28
- •Список літератури
The Church of St. Nicolas
In the courtyard of the Holy Trinity Church one can see the church of St. built within the precinct of the former St. Nickolas Infirmary, founded in the early 12-th century. It was in fact an independent cloister where old and ailing monks were lodged and nursed. The original buildings of the cloister were destroyed by tatar-mongols in 1240 and the Church of St. Nickolas dates back to the 17-th century. It's one of the finest pieces of Ukrainian architecture of those days, it strikes with simplicity.
The church is a two-storey brick structure, the walls are adorned with pilastres and corbels, the windows are beautifully framed, the roof is steep. A pear-like blue- coloured cupols is decorated with gilt stars, the cross is surmounted with the Dove, representing the Holy Spirit. The Church was badly damaged by the nazi in 1941 and reconstructed in the 1950-s.
The Cells of the Councel Elders
Along the West Pilgrim Road there are two buildings, former apartments of the Monastery Elders. The one to the left has 6 sections, each apartment being of 4-5 rooms, the building to the right had accomodation for 4 Elders. They were richly furnished and testified to the fact that the life of the Monastery Elders did not differ much from that of local aristocracy.
The total number of monks and novices was different in different years The monk population of the Lavra was estimated to be:
in 1051 - about 20;
in the 18-th century - 1500-2000;1n 1941-1944-about 200; in1960 - about 30.
Make two-way translation of the following text:
TOURIST UKRAINE |
УКРАЇНА ТУРИСТИЧНА |
Ukraine is a country with ancient history and rich culture. Since long ago it has been at the intersection of transcontinental routes from North to South and from East to West. Ukraine has always been a venue for meeting and interacting between miscellaneous cultures and civilizations. The closest proximity of the European Union borders to Ukraine’s western frontier is an important geopolitical moment today. Thanks to its unique historical and cultural heritage, our country can satisfy the most demanding traveler. St. Sophia Cathedral and Kyiv-Pechersk Laura located in the capital city, as well as Lviv city center have been added to UNESCO World Heritage List. Other candidates include Kamyanets-Podilskiy canyon and fortress, ruins of antique city of Khersones, Khan palace in Bakhchisaray, and other monuments. Experts will definitely get interested in the south of Ukraine and its archeological rarities. In here, one can find excavations of the Black Sea shore-based antique cities: Tira, Olvia, Pantikapea, and already mentioned Khersones. Travelers will also enjoy churches and cathedrals of Kyiv Rus located in Kyiv, Chernihiv, Ovruch, Volodymyr-Volynskiy; Mediterranean castles of Lutsk, Medzhibozh, Kamyanets-Todilskiy, Khotyn, Bilgorod-Dnistrovskiy, Uzhgorod, Mukachevo; palace complexes of Crimea, Lviv and Chernihiv regions; monuments of wooden sacred architecture in the Carpathians... The list can go on. |
Україна – це країна зі стародавньою історією та багатою культурою. Вона здавна була перетином транс-континентальних шляхів Північ – Південь, Захід – Схід. Тут завжди стикались і взаємодіяли різні культури та цивілізації. Важливим геополітичним моментом сьогодні є і те, що до західного кордону України впритул підійшли межі Євросоюзу. Завдяки своїй унікальній історичній і культурній спадщині наша держава може задовольнити найвибагливі-шого туриста. Софійський собор у столиці та Києво-Печерська лавра, центр Львова включені до Списку всесвітньої спадщини ЮНЕСКО. Серед кандидатів до нього — Кам ‘янець-Подільський каньйон і фортеця, руїни античного міста Херсонес, Ханський палац у Бахчисараї та інші пам ‘ятки. Знавців старожитностей, безумовно, зацікавить південь України з його археологічними раритетами. Тут можна ознайомитися з розкопками античних міст Причорномор’я: Тіри, Ольвії, Пантикапея, уже згаданого Херсонеса. Цікаві для туристів і храми Київської Русі у Києві, Чернігові, Овручі, Володимирі-Волинському; середньовічні фортеці в Луцьку, Меджибожі, Кам’янці-Подільському, Хотині, Білгороді-Дністровському, Ужгороді, Мукачевому, палацові комплекси Криму, Львівщини і Чернігівщини; пам ‘ятки дерев’яної сакральної архітектури в Карпатах... Перелік можна продовжувати.
|
SEVEN WONDERS OF UKRAINE |
СІМ ЧУДЕС УКРАЇНИ |
«Seven wonders» of Ukraine were defined in 2007. There are: Lavra of Kyiv-Pechersk, National dendro-park «Sophiivka» (Uman, Cherkasska oblast), «Hotyn fortressn (Hotyn, Chernivetska oblast), National reservation Saint Sophia (Kiev), National reservation «Hersoness Tavricheskii» (Sevastopol), National reservation «Hortytsia Island" (Zaporizhzhia), National historical and cultural reservation «Kamyanets» (Khmelnytska oblast). The list of outstanding tourist objects of the country also includes: museum «Pysanka» (Pysanka is a decorated Ukrainian Easter egg) in Kolomyiya of Ivano-Frankivsk oblast, complex of princes Ostrozhsky, which includes castle and Ostrog Academy (Rivne oblast), prominent monument of new history — museum palace in Livadia (Great Yalta, Crimea). |
У 2007 році в Україні визначили сім чудес країни. Ними стали Києво-Печерська лавра, Національний дендрологічний парк «Софіївка» (Умань, Черкаська область), «Хотинська фортеця» (Хотин, Чернівецька область), Національний заповідник «Софія Київська» (Київ), Національний заповідник «Херсонес Таврійський» (Севастополь), Національний заповідник «Острів Хортиця» (Запоріжжя), Національний історико-архітектурний заповідник «Кам’янець» (Хмельницька область). До списку видатних туристичних об’єктів країни увійшли також музей «Писанка» в Коломиї (Івано-Франківська область), комплекс князів Острозьких: замок та Острозька академія (Рівненська область), видатний пам ‘ятник нової історії — Лівадійський палац-музей (Велика Ялта, Крим). |
CASTLES OF WESTERN UKRAINE |
ЗАМКИ ЗАХІДНОЇ УКРАЇНИ |
More than 100 castles have been preserved in Western Ukraine. To tell the truth some of them now stopped to be architectural monuments and became archeologi-cal but they did not loose their attractiveness. The most famous castles situated in Olesko, Pidgirtsi, Zolochiv (Lviv region), Dubno, Ostrig (Rivenska region), Kamyanets, Chervonograd, Skalat, Zbarazh (Ternopil region).
ESTATE OF COUNTESS EVELINA HANSKA A lot of admirers of literature of great Onore de Balsak come to Verhivnya village in Zhytomyrska oblast to visit the estate of his beloved women Evelina Hanska were the genius of literature had lived from 1847 to 1850. |
На Заході України збереглося більше 100 замків. Щоправда, частина з них із розряду архітектурних пам’яток уже перейшла в клас археологічних, однак це не зменшує краси об’єктів. Найвідоміші замки знаходяться в Олесько, Підгірцях, Золочіве (Львівська область), Дубно, Острозі (Рівненська область), Кам’янці, Червонограді, Скалаті, Збаражі (Тернопільська область).
МАЄТОК ГРАФИНІ ЕВЕЛІНИ ГАНСЬКОЇ У село Верховин Житомирської області приїжджає немало шанувальників творчості Оноре де Бальзака. Адже тут знаходиться маєток його коханої Евеліни Ганської, де геній літератури прожив з 1847 по 1850 рік. |