- •Introduction
- •Topic 1: principles of translation
- •1.1. Notes on the Profession of the Translator
- •1.2. Professional pride
- •1.3. Income
- •1.4. Speed
- •1.5. Enjoyment
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in the Topic
- •Keeping Trees Healthy and Safe
- •Topic 2: theory of interpretation
- •2.1. Background of interpretation theory (it)
- •2.2. First translation of the Bible as a milestone in the history of interpretation and the development of world civilization.Later history of interpretation
- •St. Jerome’s Oath
- •2.3. Deciphering the inscriptions on the Rosetta stone
- •2.4. A brief history of interpretation in the 20th Century
- •Birds and Butterflies
- •Health and Natural Balance with Patchouli
- •Topic 3: interpretation and contemporary life
- •3.1. XX century as a “golden age” of interpretation
- •3.2. Conference interpreting, professional training and diplomatic interpretation in XX century
- •3.3. Stagnation in economy – boom of interpretation
- •3.4. Interpretation in the New Millennium
- •3.5. The Very Beginning of Simultaneous Interpretation
- •Microbial Insecticides
- •Topic 4: interpretation activity
- •4.1. Translation and Interpretation Modes
- •4.2. Specific Skills required for interpreting
- •4.3. Simultaneous translation as a special kind of translating
- •4.4. Professional ethics and moral code of interpreters
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in previous topics
- •Big agribusiness draws cash
- •Topic 5: perception and understanding of messages in interpreting
- •5.1. Sense Perception and Understanding
- •5.2. The “Inner Speech” of the Interpreter
- •5.3. Interpreting without “Understanding” the Sense
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in the topic
- •1.Beneficial Insects
- •2. Kozak boat discovered in Dnipro River
- •Topic 6: types of contexts and contextual relationships in oral discourse
- •6.1. Text, Context and Discourse
- •6.2. Types of Contexts and Contextual Relationships
- •6.3. Recommendations for interpreters
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in topic 6
- •1.A Diet of Worms and Butterflies
- •2.Solarizing Soil
- •Topic 7: semantic aspects of interpretation
- •7.1. Semantic Structure of the Oral Message and its Main Components
- •7.2. The Role of the Rhematic Components
- •In Comprehending and Interpreting Oral Messages
- •7.3. Rendering “evaluative component” of messages in interpreting
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in topic 7
- •The Potential of Natural Fertilizers
- •Open Heart Surgery: a Matter of Life and Death
- •Topic 8: semantic redundancy of oral messages. Interpreter's note–taking
- •8.1. Semantic Redundancy as one of the Main Properties of Oral Discourse
- •8.2. Ways of Ensuring Semantic Redundancy of Oral Messages
- •8.3. Semantic Redundancy: Recommendations for Interpreters
- •8.4. Interpreter's Note–taking
- •Basic interpetation and linguistic terms used in topic 8
- •How the Zero was Discovered
- •Legacy of Death, bad Health lingers from Chornobyl blast
- •Topic 9: lexical aspects of interpretation
- •9.1. The Notion of the “Focus of Meaning”
- •9.2. Subject Field Terms: Ways of Interpreting Them
- •9.3. Clichés and Idioms as an Interpretation Problem
- •9.4. “Troublemaking” Lexical Units: Numerals, Proper Names, Specific Items of the National Lexicon, Abbreviations, Acronyms and “Misleading Words”
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in topic 9
- •Blood-sucking leeches popular for treatments
- •Topic 10: "gaps" in perception of oral discourse and ways of "filling them in" in interpreting
- •10.1. The Notion of "Gaps" in Perceiving Original Texts
- •10.2. Phonological "Gaps"
- •10.3. Lexical "Gaps"
- •10.4. Grammatical "Gaps"
- •10.5. Ways of Filling in the "Gaps" in Interpreting
- •10.6. Ways of Fighting Phonological Complications Caused by Accents and Dialects
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in topic 10
- •Life without It is only Silence
- •Topic 11: problems of translating idioms
- •11.1. Knowing Idioms is the Way to Speak Like a Native
- •11.2. Grammatical Nature of Idioms
- •11.3. Etymology of Idioms
- •11.4. How to Learn Idioms and Practice Them
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms
- •Tricky translations
- •In the text below you will find various word combinations using the word “job”. Their translations into Ukrainian follow in brackets:
- •Looking for a job
- •Topic 12: levels and components of interpretation. Interpreter’s challenges. Conference interpreting
- •12.1. Communication during Two-way Interpretation
- •Interpreter
- •12.2. Two Levels of Interpretation
- •12.3. Triad of Interpretation Process
- •12.4. Specifics and Situations in Interpreting Process
- •12.5. Factor of Time
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms
- •One monument to two events: Christianization, municipal rights
- •Farmland Moratorium end likely to be Unpredictable
- •Topic 13: precision and basis information, their distinctions and importance for interpretation adequacy
- •13.1. Constituents of Precision and Basis Information
- •13.2. Rendering pi in the Process of Interpretation
- •13.3. Undesirable Situations of Two-way Interpretation. Interpretation Pitfalls and Traps – How to Avoid Them
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in topic 13
- •The Brain’s Response to Nicotine
- •The Braine Response to Methamphetamine
- •Why I am a Pilot
- •Topic 14: characteristic peculiarities of professional interpretation
- •14.1. Intellectual Requirements
- •14.2. Requirements to Interpretation Adequacy
- •14.3. Memory and Interpretation
- •Organic farming takes root in countryside as people seek healthier food alternatives
- •Topic 15: analysis and synthesis during
- •Interpretation process
- •15.1. Two Stages of Interpretation Process
- •15.2. Understanding and Extraction of Meaningful Units
- •1.Hearing and the Types of Noises
- •2. Guess and Intuition
- •3. To See a Speaker
- •4. Automatism of Synthesis
- •5. Complicated is Simpler
- •15.3. Interpretation Typology
- •15.4. Constituents of Training Interpretation
- •15.5. Constituents of Real Interpretation and Ways of Achieving Adequacy
- •15.6. Subtypes of Professional Interpretation
- •The Price of Progress
- •Topic 16: hearing as the basic requirement to understanding
- •16.1. Hearing
- •16.2. The language of the original speech
- •16.3. The country of the speaker
- •16.4. The case of the speaker who uses a foreign language
- •16.5. Accents
- •16.6. Provincialisms
- •16.7. Subject Matter
- •16.8. General Culture
- •Topic 17: basic types of professional two-way interpretation (pti)
- •17.1. Dialogue Translation
- •17.2. Informal Two-way Interpretation Without Note-making
- •17.3. Official Two-way Interpreting Without Note-taking (Liaison Formal Interpreting)
- •17.5. Consecutive Discourse Interpreting
- •If salt loses its flavour
- •After losing West’s trust, ag firms looking to China
- •Basic Interpretation Analogues for the Text
- •Topic 18: combined types of interpretation
- •18.1. Sight translation
- •18.2. Sight translation with the help of dictaphone
- •18.3. Cinema/Video/tv-translation
- •18.4. Cinema/Video/tv-translation Without Preparation
- •18.5. Cinema/Video/tv-translation with Preliminary Preparation
- •18.6. Screen Translation as a Combined Type of Interpreting
- •Ukrainian exodus to North America
- •Topic 19: specialized interpretation
- •19.1. Details of Working in Different Spheres of Professional Communication
- •19.2. Forms of Initial Voice Information (for all Genres)
- •19.3. General-political Informational (Diplomatic) Discourse/Dialogue Interpreting
- •19.4. Phraseology in Interpretation
- •Donors Help Ukraine Cut High Infant Mortality Rate How Ukraine is changing childbirth practices
- •Topic 20: specialized interpretation (Continued)
- •20.1. Scientific and Technical Translation (Performances, Seminars, Lectures, Reports)
- •20.2. Special Terminological Abbreviations (Reductions, Shortenings)
- •20.3. Scientific-popular Translation (Lecture, Conversation, etc.)
- •As Demand for Rice Climbs, International Trade Falls
- •Vietnam pledges to punish rice speculators
- •Topic 21: specialized interpretation (Continued)
- •21.1. Judicial Two-way Interpreting
- •21.2. Sermon (Religious Genre)
- •21.3. Art Criticism Genre (Lecture, Excursion, Report)
- •Make oral translation of the sentences, paying attention to the adverb never, stylistic invertion and some other lexical and grammatical nuances:
- •The Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra
- •The Grounds of the upper Lavra
- •The Holy Trinity Gate Church
- •The Church of St. Nicolas
- •The Cells of the Councel Elders
- •Topic 22: language, speech and presentation skills
- •22.1. Culture of Language and Speech
- •22.2. Culture of Language and General Culture
- •22.3. Literary Language Norm
- •22.4. External Culture of Speech in the Process of Interpretation
- •22.5. Some Recommendations
- •22.6. Typical Mistakes in the Process of Interpretation
- •22.7. Interpretation Traps. Pitfalls and Gaffes in Grammar, Style and Lexis
- •22.8. Paradoxical Mistakes. Paralysis by Analysis
- •Applications of Agroecology
- •Topic 23: theory of interpreter’s note-taking
- •23.1. General Ideas
- •23.2. Type of Notes
- •23.3. Logical Analysis
- •23.4. Language of the Notes
- •23.5. Symbols and Abbreviations
- •Specific types of fish farms
- •Integrated recycling systems
- •Indoor fish farming
- •Topic 24: theory of interpreter’s note-taking (Continued)
- •24.1. Interrelation of Ideas
- •24.2. Preparation
- •24.3. Rearrangement of the Speech
- •24.4. Poetry
- •Pellagra
- •Topic 25: simultaneous translation
- •25.1. Psychological, Physical, and Linguistic Difficulties of Simultaneous Translation
- •25.2. Difference Between Professional Simultaneous Interpretation and Other Kinds of Interpretation
- •25.3. The Main Requirements to Professional Simultaneous Interpretation
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in topic 25
- •The Koala and Its Amazing Features
- •Topic 26: functional system of simultaneous interpretation. Anticipation in simultaneous interpretation
- •26.1. Functional System of Simultaneous Interpretation
- •26.2. Anticipation in Simultaneous Interpretation
- •The Power Plant in the Microcosmos: The atp Synthesis
- •Topic 27: compression and expansion
- •27.1. Compression and its Types in Simultaneous Interpretation Compression
- •27.2. Syllabic and Syntactic Compression
- •27.3. Lexical and Semantic Compression
- •27.4. Expansion in Simultaneous Interpretation
- •Topic 28: grammatical difficulties турical of interpretation
- •28.1. Grammatical Difficulties in Understanding Oral Texts
- •28.2. Rendering the English Articles
- •28.3. Rendering the Tense Forms of the Verb
- •28.4. Difficulties in Rendering the Forms Expressing Unreality
- •28.5 Difficulties in Rendering of the Affirmative and Negative Constructions
- •28.6 Comprehension of the "Inner Syntactic Structure" of the Source Language Messages by Simultaneous Interpreters
- •28.7. Word Order and Functional Sentence Perspective of Messages: Recommendations for Simultaneous Interpreters
- •28.8 Syntactic Transformations in Simultaneous Interpretation
- •28.9. Simultaneous Interpreting in the Environment of Complicated Bilingual Communication
- •Basic interpretation and linguistic terms used in Topic 28
- •Список літератури
After losing West’s trust, ag firms looking to China
German bonds may be trading at near zero interest, but for almost everyone else the cost of capital is at its steepest in years, reflecting global markets' growing aversion to risk.
Ukrainian agribusiness companies that have in past years raised badly needed capital in Poland will likely face an even tougher market. One reason is that shoddy accounting by Warsaw Stock Exchange-listed companies has shaken investor trust.
But on the flip side, China is eyeing the local market, offering an alternative to traditional sources of funding.
Agroton, a major agricultural producer based in eastern Ukraine, has rattled investor confidence in recent months. The company was unable to provide adequate documents for revenues of $66 million and filled its export documentation with mistakes. The lack of documents suggests doubtful origins. This led to a qualified report by its auditor Baker Tilly questioning the veracity of the reports. Agroton has since switched to Big Four auditor KPMG. The company's stock price fell in astonishing 63 percent since the beginning of April.
While Agroton's accounting shenanigans stand out as the most serious violations, other companies have also done some damage to their reputations. A recent article by the Polish business daily Parkiet blamed the unreliable nature of several issuers for the poor performance of the WIG-Ukraine Index, which covers the 10 Ukraine-lased companies (mostly agribusiness) listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange.
The index fell a whopping 23 percent over the past month, representing a fall of 16 percent since the beginning of the year.
The article highlighted that Ukrainian companies have repeatedlymade ambitious promises, but then failed to deliver, citing sunflower producing giant Kernel's recent results as an example. Further worries arose after KSG Agro, a major crop producer out of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, failed to disclose audited results altogether, blaming problems with its auditor.
Problems with communication on behalf of Ukrainian managers means that even the diligent and reliable companies get thrown into the same bag. However, in some cases Polish investors needed to distinguish better between solid reliable companies and "junk," particularly some of the newer companies on the exchange. A lesson for Polish investors - do not buy everything that someone offers you, even if you know that broker.
Unfortunately, if a new company plans to list in Warsaw fund managers will look at it through the prism of past negative experience.
These cases should be taken seriously. Institutional investors, in particular, attach a great deal of importance to timely and transparent reporting, and the trust has clearly been shaken.
It was not a spark but a torch that led to the Parkiet article. Those companies that wish to stand out in investors eye's shouldn't make unrealistic promises but rather keep their standards high, reporting with regularity and consistency, They should take on a more proactive approach. This means being open to communication with retail investors, not just analysts from major institutional buyers, as well as a more accessible and customer-oriented attitude. This would reassure not only retail buyers, but also the institutional ones.
China ready to move in
As capital markets in the West dry up, some companies may find an alternative source of investment in the east, notably China.
Abundant capital and a long experience of dealing in opaque markets means the Chinese state-run companies can often pick partners and set ground rules better than Western competitors.
Seeking to secure its growing food needs, China has been particularly active in Africa in recent years, becoming the continent's top trading partner and top source of foreign direct investment – much of it going to agriculture. But Ukraine's neighbors Belarus and Russia have also seen a rise in Chinese investments.
The Middle Kingdom recently announced plans to finance $3 billion of of agricultural projects in Ukraine in areas including trade, fertilizer and cultivation. Major areas of investment are said to include procuring pesticide, seeds and equipment from China and selling Ukrainian agricultural products to China.
China is sometimes seen as the ultimate-trophy market for Ukrainian companies - perhaps far off, but large, hungry and growing at unmatched speed. According to the U.S. Grain Council, the country is expected to surpass Japan as the world biggest corn importer by 2014, while Ukraine has in recent years grown to be the world's second biggest exporter.
Ukrlandfarming Plc. Ukraine's largest grain producer owned by billionaire Oleg Bakhmatyuk, is among those jumping on the opportunity. The company has signed a memorandum of understanding with China's CAMC Engineering Co. on attracting $4 billion to invest in capacity, meat-production and modernizing sugar production plants.
According to Ukraine's Agriculture Minister Mykola Prysyazhnyuk, the country plans to export 3 million of corn to China via forward contracts in the upcoming financial year, starting June 2012.
Make two-way translation of the following text:
Which Party Is Using Dirty Tricks? |
Яка з партій вдається до брудних технологій? |
Democrats are amassing a team of lawyers to challenge close election results in virtually any state. |
Наразі демократи мобілізують команду юристів з метою опротес-тування результатів напружених виборів практично в усіх штатах. |
Already, some prominent Democrats are alleging Republicans will try to «steal» the election by suppressing the black vote. This is a clever strategy that has worked well for Democrats before – charge the Republicans with dirty tricks while you are using the same dirty tricks and maybe no one will notice. |
Вже зараз деякі лідери демокра-тичної партії безпідставно припису-ють республіканцям наміри пере-могти на виборах, створюючи пере-пони волевиявленню чорношкірих виборців. Подібна мудра стратегія в минулому справила демократам добру службу – інкримінуючи рес-публіканцям використання брудних технологій, вдаватися до таких са-мих політтехнологій і сподіватися, шо ніхто цього не помітить. |
Modern elections, dating to the famous Cook County, Illinois, cemetery voters that put John Kennedy over the top, have provided Democrats with votes they otherwise would not have had. Former President Jimmy Carter charged in a Washington Post column that the problems in Florida during the 2000 elections could be repeated this year. Specifically, Carter claims Republicans tried four years ago to disenfranchise 22,000 black voters on grounds they were felons and ineligible to cast ballots.
Florida Gov. Jeb Bush took exception to Carter's claims. He says Carter did not try to contact anyone in his office to obtain up-to-date information before writing his opinion piece. Bush's press secretary said the former president was being used by his party «for low-level political rhetoric». You mean there is such a thing these days as «high-level political rhetoric»?
There is plenty of actual and potential fraud in Florida, but most of it appears not to be coming from the Republican side. Snowbird residents – those with winter homes in Florida – are being encouraged by Democrats to register in Florida and vote twice – once in their home states and once in Florida. Another trick used in the past by Democrats is to obtain lists of non-voters and then vote absentee in their behalf. Partisans have also gone into nursing and retirement homes, requested absentee ballots for all residents and then voted them all, sending the ballots in to election officials in bundles.
This stuff happens all over the country, as John Fund notes in his new book, «Stealing Elections: How Voter Fraud Threatens Our Democracy.»
In close races, illegal votes could make the difference. Why aren't these people stopped before they can vote again?
And that's Column One for this week. |
Новітня історія виборів веде свій початок із сумнозвісних виборів у окрузі Кук (штат Іллінойс), коли завдяки «мертвим душам» демокра-ти отримали голоси, необхідні для перемоги Джона Кеннеді, без яких вони не набрали б більшості. На шпальтах «Вашингтон поуст» ко-лишній президент Джіммі Картер висловив припущення, що пробле-ми, які виникли під час виборів у Флориді 2000 р., можуть повтори-тися цьогоріч. Зокрема, Картер тве-рдить, що чотири роки тому рес-публіканці намагалися позбавити виборчих прав 22 000 чорношкірих виборців на тій підставі, що вони притягувалися до кримінальної відповідальності та, таким чином, не мають права брати участь у виборах. Губернатор Флориди Джеб Буш виступив із запереченням обвинувачень Картера. Він заявляє, Картер не спілкувався ні з ким у його відомстві для отримання уточненої інформації перед тим як публічно висловити власну точку зору. Прес-секретар Буша говорить, що однопартійні використовують колишнього президента «для низькопробної політичної ритори-ки». Він що, справді вірить, що в наш час існує «високопробна політична риторика»? У Флориді є багато доказів фактичних і ймовірних шахрайств, але скидається на те, шо більшість із порушень – на совісті зовсім не республіканської партії. Демократи заохочують так званих «перелітних пташок», тобто тих, хто проводить зиму у Флориді, зареєструватися ще й там і голосувати двічі – як у своїх штатах, так і у Флориді. Інша брудна технологія, до якої в минулому вдавалися демократи, полягала в тому, щоб прихопити списки тих, хто з певних причин не зможе особисто з'явитися на виборчу дільницю, і відтак проголосувати за них заочно. Партійні активісти також навідувалися до будинків престарілих, вимагали вида-ти відкріпні талони для всіх пожильців і надсилали до виборчих комісій ціпі паки з отим «печивом». Подібна практика трапляється по всій країні, – такого висновку дій-шов Джон Фанд у своїй новій книзі «Виборчі політгехнології: як фаль-сифікація голосувань загрожує на-шій демократії». Коли кількість бюлетенів «за» та «проти» майже рівна, результати виборів можуть вирішити підтасо-вані голоси. Чи не можна зупинити цих людей перед тим як вони знову голосуватимуть? Ви дивилися щотижневу «Першу шпальту». |