МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ, НАУКИ, МОЛОДІ ТА СПОРТУ УКРАЇНИ
ДВНЗ «КРИВОРІЗЬКИЙ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ»
КАФЕДРА ІНОЗЕМНИХ МОВ
РЕФЕРАТ
На тему: «METROLOGY: HISTORY, ORGANIZATION, REGULATIONS»
Студент гр. ПЦБ 08-1М Мельнік Антон Валерійович
Ст. викладач
Соколова Світлана Вікторівна
м. Кривий Ріг – 2013 рік
CONTENTS
Introduction…………………………………………………………………….......3
1. Basic concepts in metrology……………………………………………………4
2. A Brief History of Metrology…………………………………………………..4
3. International Organization on Metrology……………………………………….5
4. International and domestic regulations on metrology………………………….7
Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….9
New words………………………………………………………………………...10
Introduction
Standardization, metrology and certification are tools to ensure the quality of products and services - an important aspect of a multi-faceted business.
Abroad in the early 80's came to the conclusion that the success of a business is determined, above all, the quality of products and services. The conclusion is that mastering the methods of quality assurance based on the triad - standardization, metrology and certification, is a major supplier of exit conditions on the market with competitive products (services), and hence commercial success.
The quality problem is relevant to all countries, regardless of their market economy.
Today, the manufacturer and reseller, striving to raise the reputation of the brand, to win the competition, enter the global market, is interested in the performance of both mandatory and recommended requirements of the standard. In this sense, the standard gets the status of a market incentive. Standards for processes and documents (administrative, shipping, technical) contain the rules of the game that need to know and comply with industry experts and trade for mutually beneficial deals.
In the future, a number of products and services to confirm eligibility will be made not only by means of certification, but also to the product manufacturer or provider of services. In these conditions, the role and responsibility of the organization to the competent application personnel rules of standardization, metrology and certification.
Compliance with the rules of metrology in various fields of business (trade, banking, etc.) to minimize material losses from inaccurate measurements.
A pressing issue of harmonization of national rules of standardization, metrology and certification with international rules.
Thus, the transition to a market economy, with its inherent competition, competition for consumer confidence will make greater use of specialist’s commerce methods and rules of standardization, metrology and certification in their practice to provide high quality goods and services.
1. Basic concepts in metrology
Metrology - the area of knowledge and activity associated with the measurements.
The objects are the metrology unit quantities, measuring tools, standards, methods of measurement.
Traditional object metrology is physical quantities. In addition to the physical quantities in the last decade in applied metrology began to use "non-physical quantities." This is due to the use of the term "dimension" in new metrology areas - economics, medicine, information technology, quality management, etc.
Measurement - a set of operations carried out by technical means, which stores the value of the unit, which allows comparing the measured value with its unit and getting the value. This value is obtained from measurements
Measurement error - a deviation of measurement results from the real value of the measured values.
A measuring instrument - technical device used for the measurements.
Unit standards - a measuring instrument designed for playback and storage unit size to send it to measuring instruments that value.
The unity of measurement - the measurement status, in which the results are expressed in legal units of measurement error values and do not exceed the specified limits with a given probability.
So, the first condition is to ensure traceability of measurement results in legal units, which would be the same everywhere, where the measurements and used their results.
In Ukraine, as well as other countries, legal units are units of quantities of the International System of Units, the General Conference on Weights and Measures recommended by the International Organization of Legal Metrology. The second condition of measurement - the measurement error does not exceed (with a given probability) limits. Measurement error of the instrument given in to it attaches to the technical document - a passport, specifications, etc.
Metrological Service - a set of actors and the types of work to ensure the uniformity of measurements.
Essentially metrological service - a network of organizations, individual units, which are responsible for ensuring the uniformity of measurements.
Checking the measurement - a set of operations carried out by state metrological service to determine and confirm the compliance of the instrument with the technical requirements.