V. Writing.

Ex.1. Render the text in writing.

Згідно назви у тесті йдеться про функції виробничої автоматизації. Детальна характеристика надана кожній функції. Особлива увага приділяється системній інтеграції. Слід підкреслити, що системна інтеграція є тією сферою, де можна очікувати найбільшу продуктивність. У тексті дано чітку класифікацію компонентів системної інтеграції. Особливий акцент надається пріоритету системної інтеграції перед виробничою автоматизацією в отриманні додаткових прибутків у певному виробництві.

Ex.2. Write an abstract to the text.

SYSTEM AUTOMATION

The term FMS is becoming connected increasingly with unmanned or fully automated machining and in concept has been described as follows.

The main principle of the FMS way of thinking is that of bringing the whole manufacturing process under control. This means linking all the operations in making a product in a way which eliminates waste.

The numerous technical challenges involved in automa­tically doing the job of an operator, both the physical work and the observations, as implied by the above statement, will dictate the scope and penetration of flexible manufactu­ring into industry; many complex problems need to be resol­ved in a system rather than stand alone context.

An initial area of automation requiring consideration is that of moving the workpiece to the machine for processing and removing it when processing ends. At present this is usu­ally achieved by loading the blank components onto pallets which are coded with the information concerning the pallet number, component type and quantity. Bar coding is the most popular method of providing the control system with this information, so that it may track the progress of the compo­nent through the system. The movement of the pallets can be achieved by conveyor or by vehicles which run either on rails or as automated guided vehicles (AGVs), using wire gui­ded induction. The last mentioned technique is currently favoured in modern systems due to the flexibility it offers in operation.

However, many developments are currently taking place in this field of flexible material handling including the laser guidance and optical imaging systems to improve the capa­bilities of handling systems within FMS installations. The pallets may be loaded either directly into the machine or to an adjacent machine load / storage station. The advantage of the load station is that it can act as a buffer store, making machining independent of the material handling system.

Fundamental to the efficiency of flexible manufacturing systems are the CNC machine tools used and their surveil­lance systems.

Within the range of possible monitoring requirements many methods are available, for example, to sense a cutting tool's performance and through the control system to opti­mize the process parameters.

Tool management is an area of extreme importance for FMS and problems occur if the total number of tools neces­sary to do any expected of the system exceed the tool holding capacity of the machine, with due allowance for wear and breakage replacements.

Further extensions to system automation are provided by the utilization of robots to perform the load/unload opera­tions necessary in an FMS.