- •Методичні рекомендації
- •Херсон 2012 р.
- •I. Reading.
- •II. Vocabulary.
- •III. Grammar.
- •IV. Comprehension.
- •V. Writing.
- •VI. Speaking. Discussion points:
- •I. Reading.
- •II. Vocabulary.
- •III. Grammar.
- •IV. Comprehension.
- •V. Writing.
- •VI. Speaking.
- •I. Reading.
- •II. Vocabulary.
- •III. Grammar.
- •IV. Comprehension.
- •V. Writing.
- •VI. Speaking.
- •I. Reading.
- •II. Vocabulary.
- •III. Grammar.
- •IV. Comprehension.
- •V. Writing.
- •VI. Speaking.
- •I. Reading.
- •II. Vocabulary.
- •III. Grammar.
- •IV. Comprehension.
- •V. Writing.
- •VI. Speaking.
- •I. Reading.
- •II. Vocabulary.
- •III. Grammar.
- •IV. Comprehension.
- •V. Writing.
- •VI. Speaking.
- •Самостійна та індивідуальна робота слухачів магістратури.
- •Змістовий модуль 2
III. Grammar.
Ex.1. Translate the following sentences paying your attention to the underlined words.
1. In the same time, however, managing the integration of rapidly changing new technologies while continuously modernizing a manufacturing organization and its facilities is the single greatest challenge facing manufacturers today.
2. The demand for human workers in these areas will decrease, as jobs are created in equipment installation, programming, monitoring and maintenance.
3. The second step is networking these islands in a system.
4. The third step is the complete integration of factory automation systems with corporate data processing and management information computers-effectively uniting an organization into a single production machine.
5. This is essential if the manufacturing process is to escape its paper quagmire: a number of CIM system integrators, unallied with traditional control vendors, are arising to bridge the various gaps.
6. Automation is being used to eliminate hazardous task for humans, such as spray painting or work in hot environments.
IV. Comprehension.
Ex.1. Define the number of the passage from the text containing information about:
1. The purpose of automation.
2. The main intent of manufacturing science.
3. The sequence of maximizing efficiency process.
4. The basic trend in computer integrated manufacturing.
5. The factory jobs description.
Ex.2. Agree or disagree with the following statements.
Computer integrated manufacturing has opened the door to improved software.
CIM is not the ultimate expression of manufacturing science.
The control systems are generally local and dedicated to their own islands.
Many factory jobs are routine and repetitive.
Specialized workstations are those that perform some well-defined manufacturing tasks without human assistance.
Ex.3. Answer the questions.
What has opened the door to improved productivity?
How can we characterize CIM?
What are the three steps to maximize efficiency of CIM?
What environments are considered to be hazardous?
What is the greatest challenge facing manufacturers?
Ex.4. Choose from the episodes 1-5 the one which fits each gap A-E in the text.
1. Integration is a difficult task, because of many different facets. As everyone knows, integration is not a binary state. A system is neither completely integrated nor completely unitegrated. In fact, every manufacturing system in place today is partially integrated, for without some integration it would not be possible to produce complex products such as aircrafts or automobiles. The problems that most frequently arise are with the accuracy of the data, the speed of transmission of the data among different functions, activities and subsystems, and the difficulty in properly describing entities in the data bases.
2. And we must say that in the replacement of people by a robot in harmful operations is justified even when it doesn’t produce profit. People shouldn’t work in conditions that are hazardous. To remove people completely from production areas where there are harmful fumes, exclusively high or low temperatures and pressure, is the task of automation. Automation has stepped up the machining of the most sophisticated items improving precision and quality of output, but it has demanded that the fulfillment of all the auxiliary operations be likewise as precise and quick. And this became the job for modern robots. Let the robot replace them there; the social goal is in the forefront.
3 .This technology has a relatively brief history. The original concept emerged in the mid - to- late – 1960s; a logical outgrowth of progress in applying numerical control. The computer integrated manufacturing systems grew from the flexible manufacturing system technology integration. It has three essential physical components: standard numerically - controlled machine tools and smart robots, a conveyance network to move parts and tools between machines and fixturing stations and overall computer control system that coordinates the machine tools, the part-moving element, and the workpieces.
4. They are installed to link them together to create so-called flexible manufacturing system. These elements that we all talk about affect not only machines but people and organizational structure too. Because there will be fewer and fewer people directly involved in automated manufacturing processes, managers will be required to be more responsible for their portion of the corporate data-base. Fewer people will be available to make all of the intuitive adjustments that currently allow so many factories to function with inadequate master plants, or none at all.
5. Automation is a system of manufacture, designed to extend the capacity of machines to perform certain tasks formerly done by humans and control sequence of operations without human intervention. The term “automation” has also been used to describe manufacturing systems in which programmed or automatic devices can operate independently or nearly independently of human control. In the field of communications , aviation, astronomy, for example, such devices as automatic telephone switching equipment, automatic pilots, automated guidance and control systems are used to perform various jobs much faster or better than could be accomplished by humans.