Late Stone Age

The beginning of the period falls on V thousand B.C. This time of flowering of engineering in processing a stone. There is an increasing specialization in manufacture of instruments of work. Alongside with perfection of engineering squashing of a retouch the new technological receptions of processing of a stone have appeared: grinding, drilling, sawing: were used all hard getting breed of a stone, the stone axes, mattock, , mortar, stamper were made.

Major feature of epoch is the origin of cattle breeding and agriculture of the so-called making facilities which has come on change to assignment of ready products of a nature, — collecting and hunt. The occurrence of new kinds of a facilities had huge meaning for development of a human society, has expanded area of labour activity of the man and at the same time qualitatively has changed character. All further multi-thousand history of economic activity of the man is substantially history of development, perfection of two these farm patterns. The level of development of productive forces achieved by the primitive population in epoch, has caused occurrence and other cultural - household innovations. The ancient population of Kazakhstan has rudiments of mountain business and ткачества, the ceramic utensils is known already for it (him).

In the social attitude(relation) the epoch of late stone age was time of patrimonial communities, domination of collective work and general property on means of manufacture. At the same time it was time of higher forms of organization of a society: formations of tribes or breeding associations. Tribes consist from several (greater or smaller number) patrimonial communities incorporated blood relationship and homogeneous character of a facilities.

Parking of late stone age on character of an arrangement on district are divided into four types: spring, river, lake and cave.. As a rule, on parking of river and lake types the significant amount of finds contains, that testifies to constant or long stay here of man. The basic stock of such parking — plate and product on them.

Are most distributed in territory of Kazakhstan spring settled , more often temporary, seasonal residence of the vagrant hunters. One of features of monuments — of deserted - steppe Kazakhstan that their large part— of parking of an open (ground) type. On all parking the stone instruments from local materials are found: tips of arrow and copies, axes, knifes, scrapers. A variety of raw material promoted development of different techniques of its processing and their perfection. The late stone age monuments of Kazakhstan are formed some by territorial groups probably appropriate to areas of inhabitants related tribes, close to each other on culture.

Object of a hunt was kulans, bears, deers,, wild boar, horse, wolves, bulls pheasants, turtle. It is testified by bones, which have been found out in cave.

The culture by the end IV — by the beginning II thousand B.C. is dated kelteminarskaya. Also covers significant territory of Kazakhstan and Central Asia. The stone industry is characterized by preparations as plates of the average sizes and microplates, fragments of plates. As an example it is possible to result parking of late stone age and sites which have been found out in 1989 — 1990. In Atуrau area: Шатпаколь, Кульсары I — V, Шандыаул, Кыз-Емшек, Кайнар, Жылан-Кабак, Койкаpa, Capыкамыc, Шаянды and etc".

The site Шатпаколь is in 12 kms to north from Шокпартогай in Embinskiy area. The stone products — fragments of ceramics — are found out on a small slope in a spring. The parking Кульсары 1-5 are almost destroyed as a result of construction of roads and lining of a gas pipeline. Among set of industry the scrapers on plates, cutters, tips of arrows of bilateral processing, ankoshi— the instrument with lateral collections, a plate both with a retouch, and without them. The majority of fragments of ceramics without ornamental pattern, only some have the pressed horizontal lines, from which there are downwards direct or vertical lines.

In territory of Kazakhstan it is revealed while a little burial of late stone age, basically in Northern Kazakhstan. Any of burial places has no external attributes on a surface. In all tombs together with bones the tips of arrows laid, that specifies not only that our ancestors were engaged in a hunt, but also that they entered the often military conflicts. In burials there is not enough of ceramics, and in some it is not present at all.

The close cultural - economic communications existing within the limits of the world of the hunters and the fishers were brightly reflected in archeological materials. Be most precise they can be traced with tribes of kelteminarskaya culture, which took place in northern areas of Central Asia. The chains of ancient contacts leave and far on north and northwest in Priuraliye and Western Siberia, being shown in features of the forms of silicon instruments and in types of designed clay utensils. The culture of tribes of Northern and East Kazakhstan, finding out attributes of similarity with culture of the population of Central Asia, at the same time was closer to Altay and pribaykalskim tribes of late Stone Age century. Keeping specificity and originality of cultural traditions, the late Stone Age tribes of Kazakhstan developed, thus, in close interaction with tribes of the next regions and areas.