Late paleolith

Late paleolith covers time from 35 — 30 thousand years up to 12 — 10 thousands of years back. This time of wide moving of the man on all climatic zones of ground both formation of races and racial groups. There is a direct connection between occurrence of the man reasonable both further development of material and spiritual culture of a human society of epoch late paleolith. This phenomenon is directly connected to progressive development of the public relations, process of formation of a patrimonial community, occurrence of a sort as first specific form of public organization of human collective. Supposed that the patrimonial organization was everywhere matrilinear and matrilocal, and the woman borrowed the main rule in a community. The parent clan, thus, represented group of people incorporated ties of blood relationship among themselves and a general origin on a parent line. The high rule of women in public life was determined also by specificity of common home economy, role of woman in family as continuator of a clan.

The outlook of the man of epoch of late paleolith was complicated. The distribution of cult of hunting magic has been recieved at this time, in which basis laid belief in reception of authority above an animal through mastering by his(its) image - symbol. Believe, that the universal instrument of magic was the appeared at this time bright primitive art.

Representations about soul and beyond the grave life of the man as continuation of terrestrial existence order to occurrence complex of ceremonies. A body of a died man strewed red ochre, the breast was decorated with necklaces from the drilled bowls and toothe of a predator, legs — by bracelets which were made from mamont tusks.. Together with burrial man put products from silicon and bones In comparison with monuments of the previous period of parking of this time it is revealed a little. In East Kazakhstan the parking Kanai, Swinchatka, cave and Novo-Nicolskoye are known. The greatest interest is represented with parking at village Cave.

The parking Cave is on the right bank of Buhtarma at an entrance in cave, located on edge of cape, by an entrance on west and represents two grottas, incorporated by a canopy. Черников as a result of prospecting excavations on depth 30 — 50 cm in east part of exavations in 60 — 170 cm in western has found out paleolith product, among which scraper with a circular retouch, fragment of a plate, nucleus of the pyramidal form with traces having chopped off. Besides the fragments of bones of animals are found out: rhino, bison, lions etc. The character of instruments allows to date parking top paleolith.. In top paleolith the processing of stone instruments was more complex(difficult): the thin plates with нуклеусов were chopped off which intended in the majority for the stitch in bone and wooden frame, and then were used as knifes and scrapers. The wide application was received expressing engineering allowing to receive the instruments with a thin edge, for example, tips of copies..

1980 - 1983 years were ordered excavation on Irtish — on parking Shulbinka, found out in Novo-shulbinskom area in Semipalatinsk. Among 5000 stone products at a plenty there are scrapers, edges, cutters, nucleus of different forms and waste of manufacture. Except for stone products the centers combined from shingle, layer of ashes are found out, and around of the center on significant distance were of a dark stain of a small diameter and round form. The opportunity is not excluded, that it is the rests of wooden poles being a basis of dwelling. A convenient arrangement of district, high terrace, river, wood — all this drew the man, and being rescued from sun and rain in summer, he built to himself easy, temporary dwellings, to what testify of a dark stain and centers. Besides the cultural - household rests it is revealed burial of the man, which was placed in writhe condition on the left side and is focused by a head on west. Skeleton of very bad safety, but fact of a finding it him deserves attention. The basic raw material for manufacturing instruments on parking Shulbinka served chalcedony, jasper, flint and mountain crystal. As it is visible, in comparison with the previous periods of stone century the various breed and not only local origin was used. The collection finds analogies in parking Altai and Siberia, that allows them to date age 30 — 25 thousand years.

In territory of Kazakhstan of the completely investigated monuments of late paleolith it is a little, but the available materials enable to look after a continuity of development of material culture of the people ancient stone century, and also process of settling of territory of Kazakhstan.