Investigators ... At the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Md., isolated actin and myosinlike proteins in human blood platelets. It is probably involved in coagulation.Spectrin (from sbd)

Spectrin is a protein found in the membranes of red blood cells.

The two heaviest polypeptide components, with molecular weights of 255,000 and 220,000 arc collectively known as spectrin (Vincent T. Marchesi of the Yale University School of Medicine chose the name because he first isolated the components from “ghosts”, the membranes of red blood cells that have been chemically deprived of their hemoglobin). Spectrin accounts for about a third of all the protein in the red-cell membrane.

Neovascularization (from SBD)

Neovascularization is the growth or spread of new capilla­ries in the body, especially in a tumour.

Neovascularization also seems to be important in some diseases other than cancer. For example, one would like to know why capillaries invade the vitreous humor of the eye in diabetes and overrun the cornea in trachoma, leading in both cases to blindness.

Task s. Choose the anatomic terms for the following:

1. . The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart, preventing a flow of blood into the atrium during systole. 2. The flaps on the valves. 3. A muscular wall which is between the two lower chambers of the heart. 4. A septum which separates the two upper chambers (atria) of the heart.

5. The middle, the thickest layer of the heart wall. 6. A delicate membrane (double-folded) which surrounds the heart like a sac. 7. A thin outer layer of the heart wall. 8. The vein that carries (drains) blood from the upper part (portion) of the body. 9. The vein that carries blood from the lower part of the body. 10. A blood vessel that carries blood from some part of the body toward the heart. 11. A blood vessel that carries blood- from the heart to the principal parts of the body. 12. The usual contraction of the heart. 13. The usual dilatation of the heart. 14. The main artery of the body which carries blood from the left ventricle of the heart to arteries in all organs and parts.

(a — superior vena cava; b — systole; c — aorta; d — mitral valve; e — vein; f — inferior vena cava; g — pericar­dium; h — interatrial septum; i — cusps; j — epicardium; k — diastole; 1 — myocardium; m — artery; n — interven­tricular septum)

Task 6. Choose the proper terms for the definitions:

1. The fluid part of blood, as distinguished from corpus­cles, used for transfusion. 2. Red corpuscles of blood. 3. White corpuscles of blood. 4. A group of very powerful hormones or hormonelike substances, found especially in semen and in menstrual fluid, that may be involved in control of blood pressure and other important body processes. 5. The proc­ess in a plant or animal by which living tissue is changed into waste products of a simpler chemical composition, the process of converting food into energy. 6. An important protein in erythrocytes which helps to carry the oxygen. 7. A waste product of catabolism of food in cells. 8. The function of these leukocytes is defense of the body against bacteria by means of phagocytosis. 9. Cells with a very large nucleus which ingest and destroy foreign material.

10. Tiny cells which are necessary for blood clotting.

(a — polys; b — monocytes, c — platelets; d prostag­landin; e — plasma; f — erythrocytes; g — leukocytes; h — catabolism; i — hemoglobin; j — carbon dioxide (C0₂))

Task 7. Find the English equivalents for the Latin terms:

1. Circularis, e. 2. Circulatio, onis f. 3. Arteria, ae f (from Greek). 4. Vena, ae f. 5. Capillus, i m. 6. Humanus,

1. um. 7. Corpusculus, i m. 8. Color, oris m. 9. Coagulo, are. 10. Nutrio, ire. 11. Contego, ere. 12. Continuus, a, um. 13. Dissolvo, ere. 14. Pars, partis f. 15. Communicatio, onis f. 16. Separo, are. 17. Similis, e. 18. Valva, ae f. 19. Ven- triculus, i m. 20. Auricula, ae f.

(a — capillary; b — human; c — corpuscle; d §i; color; e — circulation; f — to nurish; g — vein; h — to coagulate; i — circulatory; j — artery; k — to separate; 1 — communication; m — similar; n — valve; o — to dissolve; p — part; qi — continuous; r — to contain; s — ventricle; t — auricle)

Task 8. Use context clues in the following sentences to find the word in bold type and with a definition that best completes each sentence:

1. The aorta is the main ... of the systemic arteries. 2. Most of the arteries are composed of three ... . 3. The blood vessels on the anterior ... of the arm were dilated. 4. The walls of the left... are three times as thick as the walls of the right one. 5. Blood pressure is measured by a device called a ... . 6. Diastole is the ... phase of the heartbeat. 7. Systo­le is the active ... phase of the heartbeat.

(a. Goats; the layers of a tissue; b. Ventricle; either of the two lower chambers of the heart which receive blood from the atria and pump it into the arteries; c. Surface: the outer face or exterior of an object; d. Relaxation: loosening, lessening of force, etc.; e. Vessel: a tube or duct containing or circulating a body fluid; f. Sphygmomanometer: an in­strument consisting of a band wrapped around the upper arm to compress the artery, and an attached manometer; g. Contraction: the drawing up and thickening of a muscle fiber or a muscle in action)