Clinical Terms

Task 7. Read and memorize the words and expressions listed below. You will come across them in the dictiona­ries (some articles are taken for comparison) and in the texts:

gentle tapping ['d3entl'taepir)] легеньке постукування the surface of the body ['S3:fis] поверхня тіла finger-tips ['firjgatips] кінчики пальців percussion [рз(:)'кл/(з)п] перкусія; вистукування (з метою встановлення діагнозу) auscultation ['р:зк(з)1ЧеіДз)п] вислуховування; аус­культація (з метою встановлення діагнозу) stethoscope t'steGaskoup] стетоскоп; фонендоскоп with the aid of smth. за допомогою чогось sputum ['spju:t3m] слина saliva [ss'laiva] слина spittle ['spitl] слина; плювок mucus ['mju:kasj слиз rale [ra:l] хрип

monograph ['monsgrcuf] монографія

In the terminal state of smth. У завершальний період

чогось

etiology ['i:ti'ol3d3i] етіологія (розділ медицини про причини хвороб)

арпоеа [агр'пі:з] апное (тимчасова затримка дихання) acute respiratory arrhythmia [з'гібтіз] гостра аритмія дихання

tachypnoea ['tsekipniis] тахіпное (прискорене дихання) pyrexia [pai'reksis] гарячка (лихоманка) hypovolaemia [,haipo(u)'vol3mia] гіповолемія (олігемія), зменшення загальної кількості крові (її об’єму) hypoxia ['haipaksra] гіпоксія (кисневе голодування) restoration of patency ['peit(a)nsi] відновлення прохід- . ності

perfusion [p3:'fju:3(9)n] перфузія (пропускання ріди­ни, а саме фізіологічного розчину, крові, плазми) штучним способом через порожнину органа або через кровоносні судини органа, частини тіла чи всього організму) hypercapnia (hypercarbia) [,Ьаірз'клрпю] гіперкапнія (надмірна Кількість вуглекислого газу в крові) peritonitis [,pent3'naitis] перитоніт, запалення очеревини eclamptic coma екламптична кома

Task 8. Study the diagnostic and pathological terms connected with the description of respiratory system. The meaning of terms is suggested from: Oxford Advan­ced Learner’s Dictionary (OALD) (1992); Webster’s New World Dictionary (WNWD) (1976); The Con­cise Dictionary of English Etymology (CDEE) (1993):

Percussion

Gentle tapping of the surface of the body as part of a medical examination.

The striking or tapping of the chest, back, etc. with the fingertips so as to determine from the sound produced the condition of internal organs.

From Latin percussio, a striking — Latin percussus Past Participle of percutere to strike.

Auscultation

Listening with the ear, a stethoscope, etc. to sounds within the body as part of a medical diagnosis.

A listening, often with the aid of a stethoscope, to sounds in the chest, abdomen, etc. so as to determine the condition of the heart, lungs, etc.

Sputum

Liquid and mucus caught up from the throat or lungs (es­pecially as used to diagnose some diseases); saliva or spittle.

Saliva usually mixed with mucus from the respiratory tract, ejected from the mouth.

Rales

An abnormal sound, as rattling or bubbling, accompanying the normal sound of breathing and usually indicating a diseased condition of the lungs or bronchi.

Diphtheria

Serious contagious disease of the throat causing difficulty in breathing,

An acute infectious disease caused by a bacterium (Corynebacterium diphlheriae) and characterized by weakness, high fever and the forma­tion in the air passages of a tough, membranelike obstruction to breathing.

From Greek diphthera — leather; from the leathery nature of the false membrane formed in the disease.

Whooping-Cough (Pertussis)

An acute infectious disease, usually affecting children, caused by a bacillus (Bordetella pertussis) and characterized by a mucous discharge from the nose and later by repeated attacks of coughing that end in a forced intake of breath, or hoop.

Infectious disease, especially of children, with gasping coughs and long rasping intakes of breath.

Whooping (hooping) cough ... whoop (ME) houpen — to shout —■ a cough accompanied by a hoop or convulsive noisy, catch in the breath (formally called chincough).

Croup

Disease of children in which there is coughing and difficul­ty in breathing.

An inflammation of the respiratory passage with labored breathing, hoarse coughing, and laryngeal spasm.

A disease (E.) Croups (cropc) — to croak, make a harsh noise.

Task 9. Read and memorize these, equivalents for bet­ter understanding of the further given texts and clinical terminology: Greek	Latin	English	Ukrainian
rhino	nasus, і m	nose	11ІС
adenoido	glandula, aè, f	gland	подібний до залози; залоза
adeno	tonsilla, ae f	tonsil	мигдалик
pharyngo	guttur, uris n	throat	горло,глотка
tracheo	trachea, ae f	Windpipe	трахея
broncho	bronchus, і m	bronchial tube	бронх
bronchiol	bronchiolus, і m	small bronchus;	бронхіола
		bronchiole
pneumo	pulmo, ônis m	lung	легеня
mero	pars, partis f	part (lobe of thé lung)	частина
thoraco	pectus, oris n	chest	груди

3*

67phreno	divido, ere	diaphragm	діафрагма
pneum	spiro, are	to breathe	дихати
conio	pul vis, eris m	dust; powder	пил; порох
anthraco	car bo, onis m	coal (dust)	вугільний пил
adenos	alveolus, i m	air sac	альвеола
osmia	odor, odoris m	smell	запах
capnia	fumus, i rn	smoke; carbo-	дим; вугле­
		dioxide	кислий газ
phonia	sonus, i m	sound	звук
phtysis	salivo, ere	spit	плювати;
			слинити
em	in	in	в; у
grapho	scribo, ere	to write	писати
aetio	causa, ae f	reason; cause	причина
a-	non	no; not	ні; не
rrhythm	rhythmus, i m	rhythm	ритм
pyro	ignis, is m	fire; fever	вогонь; жар
staxo	cresco, ere; gu-	to grow; to drip рости; стіка-
	ttatim cadere		ти краплями
tele	distalis, e	distant; far	далекий;
			дальній

Task 10. Read the text and get ready to answer the questions: